Pathogenesis and Regeneration of Radiation Induced Bone Marrow Injury, and Therapeutic Implications (open access)

Pathogenesis and Regeneration of Radiation Induced Bone Marrow Injury, and Therapeutic Implications

This report reviews aspects of experimental and clinical research performed in the investigation on the pathogenesis and recovery of bone marrow injury caused by total body irradiation.
Date: April 23, 1962
Creator: Fliedner, T. M., (Theodor M.), 1929-; Cronkite, Eugene P. & Bond, Victor P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Spectrophotometric Titration of Milligram Quantities of Barium (open access)

Spectrophotometric Titration of Milligram Quantities of Barium

Manns et al have published a titrimetric method for barium in which 500 mg of barium acetate were titrated with 0.1 M Versene solution (disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminatetetraacedic acid). The concentration of dye used by these investigators was such that under tungsten illumination a color change from wine-red to almost colorless was observed at the end-point. The application of this procedure by others to smaller amounts of barium has indicated the use of more dilute titrant and additional dye in order to detect the end-point. Under these conditions the color-change is extremely difficult to detect since one titrates until the last trace of wine-red color disappears leaving a clear blue color. The elimination of this visual difficulty by utilizing a spectrophotometric detection of the end-point is described in the present paper. In addition, this technique permits the determination of much smaller quantities of barium than is possible with the visual method.
Date: unknown
Creator: Rowley, Keith; Stoenner, R. W. & Gordon, Louis
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Nuclear Reactor with a Transverse Air Gap (open access)

The Nuclear Reactor with a Transverse Air Gap

Diffusion theory and transport theory approaches to the problem of a nuclear reactor with a transverse air gap are compared. It is suggested that the differences in results for thin gaps is due to the fact that diffusion theory does not adequately represent the flux distribution in the immediate vicinity of the gap. For mathematical conveniences previous treatments of the gap problem have made use of fictitious image piles which exaggerate the neutron losses. The extent of the error is estimated by direct neutron leakage calculations.
Date: August 24, 1954
Creator: Chernick, J. & Kaplan, I.
System: The UNT Digital Library
0-2 kv Flash Tube Supplies (open access)

0-2 kv Flash Tube Supplies

In order to perform the various experiments with a bubble chamber, a high intensity flash tube is used. This report briefly describes the power supplies designed and constructed to power these lamps.
Date: March 15, 1962
Creator: Miller, D. M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Radiation Chemistry of Nitrite Ion in Aqueous Solution (open access)

The Radiation Chemistry of Nitrite Ion in Aqueous Solution

When deaerated solutions of KNO2 at their natural pH are irradiated with γ- or x-rays, the main initial reaction is a formation of hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide. As peroxide builds up, a radiation-induced reaction between nitrite and peroxide sets in, which results in the formation of nitrate. This reaction is slower the higher the nitrite concentration. The kinetics of the nitrite-peroxide reaction were studied in detail by the irradiation of synthetic mixtures, and the results were satisfactorily explained by a free radical mechanism. The main feature of the mechanism is a competition between H2O2 and NO2- for reaction with H atoms generated in the water. The yield for H-atom formation is found to be 2.4 per 100 ev. The initial yield of peroxide in the pure nitrite solutions is greater than the yield of hydrogen, and decreases with increasing nitrite concentration, at concentrations below 0.002M. The effect of nitrite on the initial peroxide yield is qualitatively similar to the effect of bromide reported by Sworski. In nitrite solutions containing oxygen, an immediate nitrite oxidation occurs on irradiation, with a yield which increases with increasing ratio of the concentration of nitrite to that of oxygen.
Date: unknown
Creator: Schwars, Harold A. & Allen, Augustine O.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pile Neutron Effects on Coenzyme I Levels in Rat Livers (open access)

Pile Neutron Effects on Coenzyme I Levels in Rat Livers

The majority of radiation experiments conducted with enzyme systems has been done with x-rays and gamma rays. The experiments reported here were carried out to determine what influence the fast and slow neutrons from a nuclear reactor (atomic pile) have on coenzyme level in the livers of rats.
Date: unknown
Creator: Hankes, L. V. & Stickley, K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Boiling Burnout Newsletter No.1 (open access)

Boiling Burnout Newsletter No.1

Preliminary data are enclosed in Tables I, II, II, IV, V, and VI. Tables I to V are data for round nickel tubes in a vertical and inclined (45°) position. Table VI contains some preliminary data for nickel rectangular channels (0.060" and 0.050" spacings) in a vertical position.
Date: December 1, 1954
Creator: Rickard, Corwin L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Occurrence of Technetium-98 in Nature (open access)

Occurrence of Technetium-98 in Nature

The non-existence of technetium in nature, long considered a fact of axiomatic validity, has become subject to considerable doubt in recent years due to the discovery of technetium in the sun and in S-type stars.
Date: unknown
Creator: Alperovitch, Edward A. & Miller, J. Malcolm
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analytic Spin Functions of a Single Variable (open access)

Analytic Spin Functions of a Single Variable

There has been considerable recent interest in the development of spin representations which are operations upon analytical functions. The familiar Pauli spin matrix representation, has been sufficient for the solutions of most problems involving nonrelativistic electron spin, but it is to be hoped that, for some problems, an "analytic" representation could be found which has greater physical significance. The new representations that have been presented all hae spin functions of two or more variables.
Date: unknown
Creator: Sayre, E. V. & Matlow, S. L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radioactive Anthracene-C14 and Acridine-C14 from the Neutron Irradiation of Acridine (open access)

Radioactive Anthracene-C14 and Acridine-C14 from the Neutron Irradiation of Acridine

Anthracene-C14 has been produced by neutron irradiation of the nitrogen homolog, acridine. The recoiling carbon 14 entities produced by the N14(n,p)C14 reaction were also found in acridine molecules, where the nitrogen had not undergone neutron capture during the course of irradiation. The ratio of activity as acridine to the activity as anthracene was about 19/1. Of the total activity produced in the samples, 3.5% was found as acridine, and 0.2% was found as anthracene.
Date: unknown
Creator: Wolf, Alfred, P. & Anderson, Christian, R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Experimental Application of Neutron Capture Therapy to Glioblastoma Multiforme (open access)

The Experimental Application of Neutron Capture Therapy to Glioblastoma Multiforme

The rapid development of the field of atomic energy during the past few years now permits the exploration of applications to medicine involving new concepts in the treatment of cancer. One such has been the study of neutron capture therapy which is being developed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Date: July 26, 1954
Creator: Farr, Lee, E., M. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Mass Spectrum of Lithium Iodide (open access)

The Mass Spectrum of Lithium Iodide

The mass spectrum of lithium iodide vapor produced from salt heated in an oven in the ion source of an analytical mass spectrometer was investigated as a function of oven temperature. Evidence was obtained for the existence in the vapor of both monomer and dimer. Partial heats of sublimation to monomer and dimer at 0°K were found to be 44.5 ± 7 and 45.0 ± 2 kcal respectively. The heat of dissociation of (LiI)2 into gaseous monomers was found to be 44.0 ± 2.2 kcal. The partial heat of sublimation of monomer was used with supplementary thermochemical data to obtain values for the lattice energy and the heat of dissociation of the diatomic molecule. Appearance potentials for the major ions in the spectrum were determined. Upper limits for the energy of dissociation of the gaseous diatomic molecule were derived from the appearance potentials of Li+ and I+ which were slightly higher than the thermochemical value.
Date: unknown
Creator: Friedman, Lewis
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radioactive Waste Disposal and Control Programs at Brookhaven National Laboratory (open access)

Radioactive Waste Disposal and Control Programs at Brookhaven National Laboratory

As a result of an operating nuclear reactor, several accelerators and many laboratories using radioactive isotopes, considerable amounts of radioactive gaseous, liquid and solid wastes are generated at Brookhaven.
Date: 1954
Creator: Gemmel, Lee
System: The UNT Digital Library
Paper for Glasgow Conference on Nuclear Physics: Cosmotron Production of Heavy Mesons (open access)

Paper for Glasgow Conference on Nuclear Physics: Cosmotron Production of Heavy Mesons

One might expect that the Cosmotron would offer certain advantages over cosmic rays for the study of heavy unstable particles; provided, of course, that it can produce them. In the first place, the conditions under which they are produced could be controlled to a considerably greater extent. In the second place, it might be possible to arrange conditions under which they would be observed more abundantly, an actual beam of heavy mesons being the ideal situation.
Date: July 1954
Creator: Thorndike, A. M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radiation Damage to Water (open access)

Radiation Damage to Water

Water may decompose under radiation to give hydrogen and oxygen gases and small amounts of hydrogen peroxide. The amount of decomposition depends critically on the nature of the radiation, the kind and amount of dissolved materials present, and the temperature. Destruction of dissolved material may proceed to a greater extent than that of the water itself. The basic theory of these effects is briefly outlined. Engineering problems resulting from radiation chemical effects in water are discussed for various cases in which ordinary or heavy water is used in reactors as moderator, coolant or shielding material.
Date: unknown
Creator: Allen, A. O.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Paper for Glasgow Conference on Nuclear Physics: Cosmotron Results on Pion-Nucleon Interactions (open access)

Paper for Glasgow Conference on Nuclear Physics: Cosmotron Results on Pion-Nucleon Interactions

A considerable number of experiments have been performed at the Cosmotron which deal with the interactions between pions and nucleons. Some of these are concerned with the scattering of pions by nucleons, and some with the production of pions in nucleon-nucleon collisions. I will try to give the general results on both pion scattering and pion production, but it will not be possible to describe many experimental details.
Date: unknown
Creator: Thorndike, A. M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Abstract for the Glasgow Meeting - "International Conference on Nuclear Physics": Gamma Transitions and the Shell Model (open access)

Abstract for the Glasgow Meeting - "International Conference on Nuclear Physics": Gamma Transitions and the Shell Model

The study of the interaction of the electromagnetic field with nuclei has proved very fruitful for the elucidation of many details of nuclear structure. The γ-ray transitions observed in either absorption or emission can be divided into three classes, depending on whether the matrix elements of the transition are (1) much larger, (2) approximately equal or (3) much smaller than those expected for single proton transitions which are usually taken as a norm. In class (1) we find (a) the broad transitions leading to the "giant resonances" in the nuclear photo-electric effect, and (b) the "fast" transitions between low lying states, especially for even-even nuclei far removed from magic numbers. The large matrix elements and the regular dependence of their magnitude on the atomic weight speak for cooperative phenomena in which many nucleons or the nuclei as a whole are involved. In class (2) we find the much studied M4 transitions which give strong support for the single particle model; they have rather uniform matrix elements. Some finer points remain to be understood, especially why some odd nuclei do not show the expected ratio for |M|^2 of ~ 2:1. The transitions belonging to class (3) require further selection rules and …
Date: July 1954
Creator: Goldhaber, M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Seeds of Barley (open access)

Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Seeds of Barley

For some time we have been interested in the influence of radiation with different specific ionizations on the relation of the production of genetic changes to survival and seedling injury in irradiated seeds of barley. Our studies have shown that barley seeds subjected to any given dose of thermal neutrons or fast neutrons are much more uniformly affected than seeds treated with any given dose of x-rays or 2 Mev electrons. In addition, it has been demonstrated that when dormant seeds of barley are subjected to x-rays and thermal neutrons, at doses giving equivalent survival values, more chromosomal interchanges and seedling mutations are induced with thermal neutrons than with x-rays. The interchanges and mutations from both sources of radiation were shown to increase linearly with the dose.
Date: unknown
Creator: Caldecott, Richard, S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Color Centers Induced in Al2O3 by Reactor and Gamma-ray Irradiation (open access)

Color Centers Induced in Al2O3 by Reactor and Gamma-ray Irradiation

The absorption bands induced in α-Al2O3 by gamma and reactor irradiation have been studied. The slight coloration due to γ-rays saturates. Bands specific to reactor irradiation have been found and their growth studied.
Date: August 9, 1954
Creator: Levy, Paul, W. & Dienes, G. J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Relation of Genome Number to Radiosensitivity in Habrobracon (open access)

The Relation of Genome Number to Radiosensitivity in Habrobracon

The problem of finding the site of injury from x-radiation is usually resolved to whether the nucleus or the cytoplasm is more radiosensitive. This is not easily determined sines the various cell components are interdependent and therefore cannot be evaluated separately. One approach to this problem is to compare the radiosensitivity of individuals that differ in the number of sets of chromosomes. Thus, by comparing haploids, diploids and polyploids one can determine whether additional genomes modify the radiosensitivity of the cell or organism. If a differential deleterious effect is obtained between individuals that differ in ploidy, a nuclear-type damage is proposed, if no such differential effect is obtained, the injury is presumed to be cytoplasmic.
Date: unknown
Creator: Clark, A. W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Polarographic Determination of Zirconium (open access)

Polarographic Determination of Zirconium

In aqeuous solution hydrogen interferes with the discharge of zirconium. Cozzi added methylene blue to effect a separation of potential; however, only a small part of the zirconium participates in the electrode reaction and the wave is poorly defined. Colichman and Ludewig carried out the polarography in anhydrous methanol and thus avoided interference due to hydrogen ions. It has been found that a polarographic determination of zirconium can be carried out in aqueous solution if the zirconium is complexed by fluoride and the pH is sufficiently high to separate the zirconium wave from the hydrogen wave without precipitation of hydrous oxides. These conditions are attained at a pH of 7.0 and fluoride concentration of approximately 0.1 molar.
Date: unknown
Creator: Heya, Arno, H. A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bacterial Virus: Radiation and Function (open access)

Bacterial Virus: Radiation and Function

One of the materials most extensively studied with the dry state ionizing particle approach described in the preceding papers has been T-1 bacteriophage. It was one of the earliest materials subjected to cyclotron bombardment in the Yale biophysics group (Pollard and Forro, 1951) and a number of workers associated with the group have from time to time returned to it (Pollard and Jane Setlow, 1954). One reason is that investigation of various functional properties of a single material is relatively easy for bacteriophage, and among the T-series coliphages T-1 is the most easily handled dry. Another reason is that the bacteriophage work, as represented to a large extent by T-1, does not fit the one primary ionization - one inactivation conclusion stated in the preceding paper by Dr. R. B. Setlow for many other materials. T-1 is one of the exceptions and we have kept coming back to it to see more clearly why is is exceptional.
Date: unknown
Creator: Fluke, D. J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Relative Energies of Polar and Nonpolar Valence Bond Functions and Molecular Orbital Theory II (open access)

Relative Energies of Polar and Nonpolar Valence Bond Functions and Molecular Orbital Theory II

In the preceding note, it is shown that one could introduce correction factors into a molecular orbital theory treatment of the ethylene molecule which bring the results into closer agreement with experiment. These correction factors decrease the separation in energy between nonpolar and polar structures and were therefore found to decrease greatly the amount of configurational interaction in ethylene. Moreover, since state T of ethylene is purely nonpolar while state V is completely polar, the separation between these two states was decreased through the introduction of the correction, in agreement with experiment.
Date: unknown
Creator: Wolfsberg, Max
System: The UNT Digital Library
Irradiation Effects on 2S Aluminum (open access)

Irradiation Effects on 2S Aluminum

As a result of unreported information, it was suspected by some people that a change in dimension was experienced by 2S Aluminum due to a sudden change in neutron flux impinging on it. This was thought to be of the order of 500 microinches per inch in magnitude. Such an effect, if present, could help explain some of the creep phenomena reported lately (i.e. change in creep rate due to cyclotron bombardment.)
Date: April 5, 1951
Creator: Cook, H. C.
System: The UNT Digital Library