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373 Matching Results
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Recent work on normal and superconducting inductive energy storage switching at the Efremov Institute, Leningrad, USSR
Various forms of switches for both normal and superconducting inductive energy storage have been devised and developed at NIIEFA. At the present time, however, a major portion of the efforts of the Institute in these fields is being applied to the design and construction of coils for tokamak ''T-10M.'' The superconducting toroidal field coils (the design of which is still uncertain) will be switched by simple switches made of Nb-Ti ribbon. The normal coils for the poloidal field will be switched by a simple metal contactor breaker. As the ''T-10M'' project proceeds, perhaps some of the innovative inductive storage and switching work can continue and when ''T-10M'' is complete, the basic research can resume at full level.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Machalek, M. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
This report discusses the G-20, an international forum for discussing and coordinating economic policies among major advanced and emerging economies. Previous summits have, for example, focused on financial regulatory reform, global imbalances, funding for the International Monetary Fund (IMF), voting power of emerging economies in international financial institutions, and fossil fuel subsidies.
Date:
November 7, 2013
Creator:
Nelson, Rebecca M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
Report that discusses the issues surrounding whether or not the U.S. should grant Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) following its accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Date:
June 15, 2012
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Europe's Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification
This report focuses on potential approaches that Europe might employ to diversify its sources of natural gas supply, Russia's role in Europe's natural gas policies, and key factors that could hinder efforts to develop alternative suppliers of natural gas. The report assesses the potential suppliers of natural gas to Europe and the short- to medium-term hurdles needed to be overcome for those suppliers to be credible, long-term providers of natural gas to Europe. The report looks at North Africa, potentially the most realistic supply alternative in the near term, but notes that the region will have to resolve its current political, economic, and security instability as well as the internal structural changes to the natural gas industry.
Date:
August 20, 2013
Creator:
Ratner, Michael; Belkin, Paul; Nichol, Jim & Woehrel, Steven
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Evolution of Cooperative Threat Reduction: Issues for Congress
This report provides information on the wide range of programs that the United States is pursuing to secure and eliminate nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and materials and to prevent hostile nations and terrorist organizations from gaining access to these weapons or the knowledge and materials needed to manufacture and use them.
Date:
July 8, 2013
Creator:
Nikitin, Mary Beth D. & Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
This report discusses the background of the G-20 (an international forum for discussing and coordinating economic policies) and some of the issues that it has addressed. It includes historic background on the work of the G-20, information about how the group operates, overviews of G-20 summits, major issues that the group is likely to address and the likely effectiveness of the G-20 in the near future. The members of the G-20 include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.
Date:
October 23, 2013
Creator:
Nelson, Rebecca M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
Date:
March 31, 2014
Creator:
Nichol, Jim
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons
This report provides basic information about U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons. It begins with a brief discussion of how these weapons have appeared in public debates in the past few decades, then summarizes the differences between strategic and nonstrategic nuclear weapons. It then provides some historical background, describing the numbers and types of nonstrategic nuclear weapons deployed by both nations during the Cold War and in the past decade; the policies that guided the deployment and prospective use of these weapons; and the measures that the two sides have taken to reduce and contain their forces. The report reviews the issues that have been raised with regard to U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons, and summarizes a number of policy options that might be explored by Congress, the United States, Russia, and other nations to address these issues.
Date:
January 3, 2014
Creator:
Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-Russian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Issues for Congress
The United States and Russia signed a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement on May 6, 2008. President Bush submitted the agreement to Congress on May 13. This report discusses key policy issues related to that agreement, including future nuclear energy cooperation with Russia, U.S.-Russian bilateral relations, nonproliferation cooperation and Russia's policies toward Iran.
Date:
September 17, 2010
Creator:
Nikitin, Mary Beth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
Date:
November 4, 2010
Creator:
Nichol, Jim
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
Granting Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status requires a change in law because Russia is prohibited from receiving unconditional and permanent NTR under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974. This provision includes the so-called Jackson-Vanik amendment. Extension of PNTR has implications for Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This report examines this legislative issue in the context of Russian accession to the WTO and U.S.-Russian economic ties.
Date:
March 7, 2011
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions
The United States and Russia signed a new strategic arms reduction treaty - known as New START - on April 8, 2010. This treaty is designed to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), which expired, after 15 years of implementation, on December 5, 2009. This report provides an overview of New START, including a comparison to the original START Treaty, the belief of the Obama Administration and outside analysts that New START will enhance U.S. national security, and the criticisms of those who say that New START (and, indeed, the entire issue of U.S.-Russian arms control) is a distraction from more important items on the nonproliferation agenda.
Date:
November 24, 2010
Creator:
Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Russia's Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States
As has been the case with most of the world's economies, the Russian economy has been hit hard by the current global financial crisis. Even before the financial crisis, however, Russia was showing signs of economic problems. Russian economic policies and performance raise important policy questions for the United States and the U.S.-Russian relationship which this report addresses. Might Russia's robust economic growth return? Is an economically strong Russia a threat or benefit to the United States? Is Russia following economic strategies that promote a market economy that underlies the international trade system manifested in the World Trade Organization?
Date:
June 29, 2009
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA)
This report discusses the increasing international pressure on Iran to curb its nuclear program and how that pressure discourages foreign firms from investing in Iran's energy sector, hindering Iran's efforts to expand oil production. This report discusses the history and progress of the formal U.S. effort to curb energy investment in Iran, which began with the Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) in 1996. This report also discusses U.S. concerns that other nations, e.g., U.S. allies, Russia, and China, are not as strict with their economic sanctions against Iran, and how U.S. policymakers are combating this reticence with various pieces of legislation.
Date:
June 4, 2009
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
Report that provides background information regarding the Nuclear Arms Control negotiations between U.S. and Russia. Articles of the Treaty of Moscow and force structures under this treaty are discussed.
Date:
January 3, 2011
Creator:
Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
Date:
August 8, 2013
Creator:
Nichol, Jim
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé, Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.
Date:
September 13, 2013
Creator:
Nichol, Jim
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Former Soviet Union and U.S. Foreign Aid: Implementing the Assistance Program, 1992-1994
In fiscal year 1994, the new states of the former Soviet Union became collectively the second largest recipient of U.S. foreign assistance made available from all sources. Whether and how the assistance program is helping to bring about democratic systems and free market economies is increasingly a question of interest to Congress and the public at large.
Date:
January 18, 1995
Creator:
Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Moldova: Basic Facts
Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union June 1940, and regained its independence on August 27, 1991. Shortly thereafter, Moldova faced challenges from Turkic-speaking Gagauz and ethnic Russians, both residing in Moldova's Dniestr valley, who proclaimed separatist "republics." Other challenges facing Moldovans include pursuing economic reform and choosing between potential reunification with their ethnic cohorts in Romania and forging an independent identity.
Date:
June 26, 2001
Creator:
Woehrel, Steven
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Partnership for Peace
NATO's Partnership for Peace program seeks to encourage eligible states, above all the states of the former Warsaw Pact and the former Soviet Union, to build democracy and undertake greater responsibilities in international security. The program could open the door to, but does not promise, NATO membership. U.S. and NATO relations with Russia are likely to be the determining factor in deciding whether states move from Partnership to NATO membership.
Date:
August 9, 1994
Creator:
Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Enlargement in Central Europe
In December 1994, NATO members will begin the process of debating possible criteria for new members from Central Europe. Alliance relations with Russia will be a central factor determining the outcome of the debate.
Date:
November 10, 1994
Creator:
Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Chromium Industry of the U.S.S.R.
Report discussing the production and export or chromite from the U.S.S.R, including an overview of the industry (raw material base, mining and processing facilities, foreign trade, and policies and programs controlling its operations) as well as observations on the outlook for the future.
Date:
1985
Creator:
Strishkov, Vasilii V. & Steblez, Walter G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Manganese Industry of the U.S.S.R.
Report presenting a study of the Soviet manganese industry, which is intended to aid in assessing the present and future role of the U.S.S.R. on the world supply. Information is provided on reserves, mining, technology, ferroalloy production, trade, and consumption.
Date:
September 1987
Creator:
Strishkov, Vasilii V. & Levine, Richard M. (Richard Michael), 1944-
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scientific-Information Centers in the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R
From foreword: This report provides a review of the Soviet and U.S. technical information systems.
Date:
1964?
Creator:
Kridler, Thomas P. & Simpson, G. S., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library