This report focuses on potential approaches that Europe might employ to diversify its sources of natural gas supply, Russia's role in Europe's natural gas policies, and key factors that could hinder efforts to develop alternative suppliers of natural gas. The report assesses the potential suppliers of natural gas to Europe and the short- to medium-term hurdles needed to be overcome for those suppliers to be credible, long-term providers of natural gas to Europe. The report looks at North Africa, potentially the most realistic supply alternative in the near term, but notes that the region will have to resolve its current political, economic, and security instability as well as the internal structural changes to the natural gas industry.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Southwest Pacific, Central Pacific, China, USSR, Italy, Air offensive, Submarines. Inset maps: Southeast Europe, Central China battle area. Photographs: U.S. Army engineers replace a bridge in Italy, Antiaircraft fire from a U.S. carrier, Brazilian ground and air troops, Turkish officials, "Rome or Death." Back: Text and photographs illustrate the battle for the Gilbert Islands.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, Italian fleet, Mussolini, Russia, Rhodes, New Guinea, Paramushiro. Inset maps of Eastern Europe from France to Turkey and of Papua, Northeast New Guinea and New Britain. Includes photographs and captions "released by the Nazis and received in the United States through neutral Portugal and Sweden." Back: Battleground in Italy. Map of Italy with inset map of the countries surrounding Italy.

None

This report provides historical background that may be useful to Congress as it considers funding levels, types of programs, and problems in implementation of U.S. assistance to other countries.

This report describes the current status of the INF Treaty and highlights issues that Congress may address as the United States pursues its compliance concerns with Russia. It includes a historical overview and summary of the provisions of the INF Treaty and Russia's concerns with U.S. compliance with the treaty and concludes with a discussion of options that the United States might pursue to address its concerns with Russia's activities and options that it might pursue if Russia deploys new INF-range missiles.

This report discusses the Trump-Putin summit that took place on July 16, 2018 in Helsinki, Finland. The report summarizes issues discussed in the summit press conference, including election interference, Syria, Ukraine, arms control, nonproliferation, and counterterrorism and cybersecurity.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: USSR, Italy, Western Europe, Central Pacific, Bougainville, New Britain, Admiralty Is., New Guinea, Southeast Asia. Map: U.S.S.R. Southern Front Includes 10 photographs. Back: Europe. Map.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia, North Africa, Vichy fleet, Atlantic, Madagascar, Jugoslavia, Burma, China. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: Battle of Midway, Battleground in North Africa, Russian Front. Photographs: U.S. carrier is hit; Somewhere in Australia; Night bloom; Desert daybreak; Taken from Rommel; All-Chinese gun crew; Seagoing tractor on test; Ride through hell. Back: Text and illustrations promote the WEFT (Wing, Engine, Fuselage, Tail) method of aircraft recognition.

This report begins with a brief discussion of the Russian oil and gas industries, including their efforts to purchase energy infrastructure in central and eastern Europe and reduce energy subsidies to neighboring countries. A second section deals with the impact of recent Russian energy policy on neighboring countries, all of them formerly part of the Soviet Union, de facto or de jure, and all heavily dependent on Russian energy imports.

None

None

This report discusses the key role Congress played in formulating an aid program for the former Soviet Union in 1992.

None