China: Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND) and Defense Industries (open access)

China: Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND) and Defense Industries

Congressional interest in the Chinese military, or People’s Liberation Army (PLA), has increased as a result of the March 1996 tensions in the Taiwan Strait, continuing allegations of Chinese proliferation of technology useful in weapons of mass destruction, and reports that some Chinese defense-related corporations have circumvented U.S. export controls to acquire dual-use technology. The Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND), an important, high-level PLA organization, plays a role in China’s weapon programs, sales of civilian goods, acquisition of military technology, and arms sales and export controls. The purpose of this CRS Report is to examine the origins and command, roles, and influence of COSTIND.
Date: December 3, 1997
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China, Congress, and Sanctions - Findings of a Workshop-Seminar (open access)

China, Congress, and Sanctions - Findings of a Workshop-Seminar

The People's Republic of China (PRC)'s provocative use of military force in the Taiwan Strait has appeared to subside, but not before convincing many in the Congress that the PRC regime continues to flout international norms sensitive to the United States. In addition to challenging stability in the Taiwan Strait, the PRC is seen recently to undermine important U.S. interests regarding nuclear proliferation, intellectual property rights, and missile proliferation. As a result, many in the Congress are pressing for actions -- including economic and other sanctions
Date: April 17, 1996
Creator: Sutter, Robert G. & Rennack, Dianne E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China: Current U.S. Sanctions (open access)

China: Current U.S. Sanctions

In the months following China,s 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown, both the President and the Congress took a number of initiatives protesting Beijing's actions. These initiatives centered around U.S. concerns related to trade, human rights, and non-proliferation. In intervening years, the United States has periodically imposed, lifted, or waived other sanctions and concluded several trade- related agreements with China relating to these concerns. Those measures that remain in place in 1994 are detailed in the accompanying tables.
Date: February 8, 1994
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China: Economic Sanctions (open access)

China: Economic Sanctions

This report discusses a list of economic sanctions that the United States currently maintains against China. The influence of Congress on U.S. policy toward China, once significant because so much hung on the annual possibility that favorable trade terms could be suspended, has more recently been diffused. Sanctions that remain in place today can all be modified, eased, or lifted altogether by the President, without congressional input.
Date: May 18, 2005
Creator: Rennack, Dianne E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China: Economic Sanctions (open access)

China: Economic Sanctions

This report discusses a list of economic sanctions that the United States currently maintains against China. The influence of Congress on U.S. policy toward China, once significant because so much hung on the annual possibility that favorable trade terms could be suspended, has more recently been diffused. Sanctions that remain in place today can all be modified, eased, or lifted altogether by the President, without congressional input.
Date: February 1, 2006
Creator: Rennack, Dianne E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China in Transition: Changing Conditions and Implications for U.S. Interests (open access)

China in Transition: Changing Conditions and Implications for U.S. Interests

Congressional interest in China's transformation has grown. Congressional concerns focus on economic opportunities in China and how conditions there affect U.S. security, economic and political interests.
Date: December 20, 1993
Creator: Sutter, Robert G.; Kan, Shirley A. & Dumbaugh, Kerry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China in Transition: Changing Conditions and Implications for U.S. Interests (open access)

China in Transition: Changing Conditions and Implications for U.S. Interests

Americans disagree as to whether or not China poses a serious security concern for U.S. interests in peace and security in Asia and the Pacific. Many point to rising Chinese defense capabilities and assertive rhetoric to warn of Chinese military- backed expansion. Others judge that the main danger comes from China's weakness. They argue that the possibility of an emerging breakdown in government authority in China could prompt regional disorder and refugee flows seriously undermining Asian stability. Still others see the Chinese "threat" as grossly exaggerated. They stress that Beijing leaders are in control of the country and see their interests best served by accommodation to their richer and generally better armed neighbors.
Date: January 5, 1994
Creator: Sutter, Robert G. & Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China-India Border Tensions at Doka-La (open access)

China-India Border Tensions at Doka-La

This report discusses border disputes between China and India in the Himalayas and the recent dispute at Doka La over China extending a road into disputed territory between Bhutan and China.
Date: August 9, 2017
Creator: Vaughn, Bruce
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy (open access)

China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy

This report discusses Congressional interest in how Internet use in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is tied to human rights concerns in several ways: as a U.S. policy tool for promoting rights in China; though use of the Internet political dissidents and political repression; the role of U.S. Internet companies in spreading freedom and complying with PRC censorship; and the development of U.S. Internet freedom policies globally.
Date: July 13, 2012
Creator: Lum, Thomas; Moloney Figliola, Patricia & Weed, Matthew C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress

This report focuses on the potential implications of China's naval modernization for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The report particularly discusses how potential United States responses to China's military modernization effort -- including its naval modernization effort -- have emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning.
Date: April 10, 2014
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress

This report focuses on the potential implications of China's naval modernization for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The report particularly discusses how potential United States responses to China's military modernization effort -- including its naval modernization effort -- have emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning.
Date: June 5, 2014
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities -- Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities -- Background and Issues for Congress

Concern has grown in Congress and elsewhere about China's military modernization. The topic is an increasing factor in discussions over future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress addressed in this report is: How should China's military modernization be factored into decisions about U.S. Navy programs?
Date: October 1, 2010
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress

Concern has grown in Congress and elsewhere about China's military modernization. The topic is an increasing factor in discussions over future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress addressed in this report is: How should China's military modernization be factored into decisions about U.S. Navy programs?
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress

This report focuses on the potential implications of China's naval modernization for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The report discusses the question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, has emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning.
Date: August 8, 2013
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress

The report discusses the question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, that has emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning. Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff, stated in June 2010 that "I have moved from being curious to being genuinely concerned" about China's military programs. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort is of particular importance to the U.S. Navy, because many U.S. military programs for countering improved Chinese military forces would fall within the Navy's budget.
Date: April 22, 2011
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities — Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities — Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides an overview of the implications for U.S. Navy's background issues for Congress on China's naval modernization.
Date: April 16, 2008
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities — Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities — Background and Issues for Congress

This report outlines the growing concern in Congress and elsewhere about China's military modernization. The topic is an increasing factor in discussions over future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress addressed in this report is: How should China's military modernization be factored into decisions about U.S. Navy programs?
Date: February 4, 2008
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress is how the U.S. Navy should respond to China's military modernization effort, particularly its naval modernization effort.
Date: June 17, 2016
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress is how the U.S. Navy should respond to China's military modernization effort, particularly its naval modernization effort.
Date: May 31, 2016
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, is a key issue in U.S. defense planning and budgeting. Decisions that Congress reaches on this issue could affect U.S. Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the U.S. defense industrial base.
Date: August 18, 2017
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities: Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. For an overview of the strategic and budgetary context in which China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities may be considered, see Appendix A.
Date: April 25, 2018
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress

This report focuses on the potential implications of China's naval modernization for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. This report is based on unclassified open-source information, such as the annual Department of Defense (DOD) report to Congress on China's military power, and published reference sources such as Jane's Fighting Ships.
Date: July 17, 2009
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress

This report focuses on the potential implications of China's naval modernization for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. This report is based on unclassified open-source information, such as the annual Department of Defense (DOD) report to Congress on China's military power, an August 2009 report from the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), and published reference sources such as Jane's Fighting Ships.
Date: April 9, 2010
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities--Background and Issues for Congress

This report focuses on the potential implications of China's naval modernization for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. This report is based on unclassified open-source information, such as the annual Department of Defense (DOD) report to Congress on China's military power, and published reference sources such as Jane's Fighting Ships.
Date: October 21, 2009
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library