This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. Since the early 1990s, U.S.-China relations have followed an uneven course, with modest improvements overshadowed by various recurring difficulties and setbacks. Longstanding bilateral difficulties have included U.S. problems with the PRC’s worsening human rights record, growing tensions over the PRC’s southern military build-up opposite Taiwan and Taiwan’s political status, and continued controversy over allegations of Chinese proliferation of weapons to unstable regimes.

The purpose of this report is to provide background for and summarize current developments in U.S. - People’s Republic of China (PRC) relations, including current and pending congressional actions involving the PRC.

This report describes the organizations controlling research and development (R&D) on nuclear weapons in several nations, and presents a brief history of the organizations controlling nuclear weapons R&D in the United States. It discusses whether these organizations are civilian or military, though in many nations the lines between civilian and military are blurred.

The growing U.S. trade imbalance with China, and alleged Chinese unfair trade practices, have become of major concern to many U.S. policymakers. Over the past few years, the U.S. trade deficit with China has grown at a faster rate than that of any other major U.S. trading partner. In 1993, the U.S. trade deficit with China totalled $22.8 billion, the second largest U.S. bilateral trade imbalance after Japan. Many trade analysts have attributed the growing U.S.-China trade deficit to a variety of Chinese restrictive trade practices. Other areas of concern to the United States have included China's alleged violation of U.S. intellectual property rights, transshipments of textiles to the United States in violation of U.S. textile quotas, and China's alleged use of forced labor for products exported to the United States.

This report provides a brief survey of China-North Korea relations, assesses China's objectives and actions, and raises policy issues for the United States.

This report provides background and Issues for Congress Implications for U.S. Navy capabilities related to China Naval modernization.

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) disputes in the East China (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) involving China, with a focus on how these disputes may affect U.S. strategic and policy interests.

This report addresses developments and U.S. interests related to China’s Xinjiang-Uighur autonomous region.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: North Africa, Russia, Madagascar, Solomons, New Guinea, China, Burma, Western Europe. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show the drive on Port Moresby, East China, South Russia. Includes photographs: "Jap midget starts new mission", Testing M4 tanks, Japanese target [Port Moresby air field], Russian front-- Kuban sector, Victory fleet. Back: Jungle Warfare. 18 photographs showing scenes of jungle warfare accompanied by text describing the challenges faced by soldiers in that environment.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts : France, Eastern front, Japan, Marianas, Southwest Pacific, China, Southeast Asia, Italy. Maps: France, Europe, Southwest Japan. Back: One way to "blow your top"--but for good--is to be booby-trapped. Text and illustration urge soldiers to avoid booby-traps by exercising care and remaining suspicious.

Front: Text describes fighting on Okinawa. Maps: Okinawa; Nagoya ablaze; [Japan-East China Sea]. Back: Text and 10 photographs show reconnaissance aircraft and activities.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Central Pacific, Southwest Pacific, Air war, Burma, USSR. Maps show air attacks from London to various sites in Germany; New Ireland; south Pacific; Truk Is. Includes photographs: "Island forts", Marine corps set up radio telephone sets at Roi Island, Leathernecks set up machine guns immediately upon landing, All-Negro Ninety-Ninth Fighter Squadron at Anzio, German prisoners disembark from an LST to a prison camp, wounded female Jugoslav guerillas arrive in Malta, General Sir Harold Alexander chats with Yank rangers near Cisterno. Back: Text states "In Mein Kampf, Hitler stated that his plan was to destroy France first, then England, after which he would have the United States cornered without a fight!."