This report describes a three-dimensional nonlinear TRANAL finite element analysis of a nuclear reactor subjected to ground shaking from a buried 50 kg explosive source. The analysis is a pretest simulation of a test event which was scheduled to be conducted in West Germany on 3 November 1979.

This report outlines the detailed design and system analysis of a solar industrial process steam system for the Lone Star Brewery. The industrial plant has an average natural gas usage of 12.7 MMcf per month. The majority of this energy goes to producing process steam of 125 psi and 353/sup 0/F at about 50,000 lb/h, with this load dropping to about 6000 lb/h on the weekends. The maximum steam production of the solar energy system is about 1700 lb/h. The climatic conditions at the industrial site give 50% of the possible amount of sunshine during the winter months and more than 70% during the summer months. The long-term yearly average daily total radiation on a horizontal surface is 1574 Btu/day-ft/sup 2/, the long-term yearly average daytime ambient temperature is 72/sup 0/F, and the percentage of clear day insolation received on the average day of the year is 62%. The solar steam system will consist of 9450 ft/sup 2/ of Solar Kinetics T-700 collectors arranged in fifteen 90-ft long rows through which 67.5 gpm of Therminol T-55 is pumped. This hot Therminol then transfers the heat collected to a Patterson-Kelley Series 380 unfired steam boiler. The solar-produced steam is then metered …

Two solar collectors using a pebble bed design were constructed and tested using air as the heat exchange media. One collector had pebbles of metallurgical grade coke, and the other had a frothy volcanic material called scoria. The highly irregular surface of such vesicular material should increase the path distance for the air and the surface exposed cavities should give some honeycomb effect. Both should yield greater efficiency. Actual testing shows the efficiencies to be comparable with other air collectors. Thus the advantages of the pebble bed lie in the availability of the bed material, its thermal and radiation stability, and its shielding of underlying collector materials from ultraviolet radiation. Several pebble bed collectors using water as the heat exchange media were constructed. However, basic problems prevented effective testing, and it is concluded that pebble bed collectors using water are impractical.

Experimental and theoretical research on production of negative ion beams is described. Results from a double charge-exchange experiment include 10 ms pulses of 100 ma of D/sup -/ accelerated to 60 kV. Equilibrium fractions of D/sup -/ in several metal vapors are presented. Mechanisms and measurements of D/sup -/ on surfaces are described, and a scheme is shown for producing high current, high energy beams originating on surfaces.

A coil winder was designed for the purpose of fabricating the superconducting magnets of the Mirror Fusion Test Facility. The superconducting magnets are a displaced ying-yang pair, each having major and minor radii of 2.5 and 0.75 m, respectively, and cross section of 0.42 m by about 1.03 m. The superconductor cross section is a square, 13 mm on a side, and consists of a core of niobium-titanium embedded copper and a solid copper stabilizer. Conceptual studies made at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory of the coil winder resulted in concept drawings and a procurement specification. Final design was made by the contractor, and the coil winder is now in fabrication. This paper describes the performance requirements of the winder, and the evolution of its design from conceptual stage to completion.

The effect of introducing a neutron and gamma shield into the annulus between the reactor vessel and the shield tank is analyzed. This addition has been proposed in order to intercept neutron streaming up the annulus during nuclear operations. Its installation will require removal of approximately 20-/sup 1///sub 2/ inches of stainless steel foil insulation at the top of the annulus. The resulting conduction path is believed to result in increased water temperatures within the shield tank, possibly beyond the 150/sup 0/F limit, and/or cooling of the reactor vessel nozzles such that adverse thermal stresses would be generated. A two dimensional thermal analysis using the finite element code COUPLE/MOD2 was done for the shield tank system illustrated in the figure (1). The reactor was assumed to be at full power, 55 MW (th), with a loop flow rate of 2.15 x 10/sup 6/ lbm/hr (268.4 kg/s) at 2250 psi (15.51 MPa). Calculations indicate a steady state shield tank water temperature of 140/sup 0/F (60/sup 0/C). This is below the 150/sup 0/F (65.56/sup 0/C) limit. Also, no significant changes in thermal gradients within the nozzle or reactor vessel wall are generated. A spacer between the gamma shield and the shield tank …

Glazed pottery known as ''Afrasiyab'' and ''Nishapur'' wares (early Islamic ceramics) are generally attributed to the Samanid dynasty (819-1005). The clay composition of Samanid wares and discarded kiln items found in situ were analyzed by NAA and the elemental composition compared with that of other sherds. 7 figures, 1 table. (DLC)

A compact and maintainable source of 80-keV neutral beams that focus to a high power density is required for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF). In the new source being designed and built to meet these requirements, the cross-sectional area is reduced in two ways: by immersing the source in a vacuum where high voltage can be held over smaller distances and by redesigning grid supporting structures. Reliability is increased by reducing the electric fields everywhere else below those present between grids and by design innovations. The latter include techniques to reduce stray magnetic field and disperse gas uniformly, all metal-ceramic construction, and a 60-kV shield enclosing all 80-kV electrodes. Wherever possible, we have attempted to simplify the construction. We expect to solve problems that arise during testing either with add-on fixes or with the techniques already tested successfully on the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) 120-keV source. Easy maintenance is obtained by a compact isolation valve and by modular construction. Curving both the grid wires and their holders provides focusing in two planes.

The project conceptual design activities are divided into six parts: Industrial Plant, Conceptual System Design, Collector Selection, Heat Transfer Fluid Selection, Site Fabrication, and Engineered Equipment. Included is an overview of the solar steam system and a brief discussion on the environmental impact of the project as well as the safety considerations of the system design. The effect of the solar system on the environment is negligible, and the safety analysis of the system indicates the considerations to be taken to minimize any potential safety hazard due to contamination of the food product or to fire. Both of these potential hazards are discussed in detail. Both the question of product contamination and the question of potential fire hazards will be presented to the industrial partner's safety committee so that the selection of the heat transfer fluid meets with their approval.

TRW is designing a system for the demonstration of the Solar Production of Industrial Process Steam. Included, besides the Conceptual Design, is an Environmental Impact Assessment and a System Safety Analysis report. The system as proposed and conceptualized consists of an array of 9520 square feet of parabolic trough concentrating solar energy collectors which generate pressurized hot water. The pressurized water is allowed to flash to steam at 300 psi (417/sup 0/F) and fed directly into the high pressure steam lines of the Ore-Ida Foods, Inc., processing plant in Ontario, Oregon. Steam is normally generated in the factory by fossil-fired boilers and is used by means of a steam-to-oil heat exchanger for the process of frying potatoes in their frozen food processing line. The high pressure steam is also cascaded down to 125 psi for use in other food processing operations. This solar system will generate 2 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/hr during peak periods of insolation. Steam requirements in the plant for frying potatoes are: 43 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/hr at 300 psi and 52 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/hr at the lower temperatures and pressures. The Ontario plant operates on a 24 hr/day schedule six days a week during the …

Apparatus is described for rapidly manipulating a hollow glass microsphere laser fusion target and scanning the entire wall with a double pass interference microscope.

Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) designed a cost-effective, regulated 15-V, 7500-A filament supply for use with the High-Voltage Test Stand , a major ERDA developmental neutral-beam test facility. The filament supply can float to 200 kV and can provide pulse widths up to 30 s. Powered by a 24-V, 0.5-TJ battery bank, it avoids the use of expensive isolation transformers and induction voltage regulators (IVR's). Battery output is regulated by a water-cooled resistor-contactor combination in which contactors are closed in sequential format to create a staircase current waveform. A fine-tuning network tunes in-between the ''steps'' for regulation to less than 0.5 percent. The regulator is digitally controlled except for the sense amplifiers, which are optically coupled to the digital controller. All ground telemetry uses optical links to minimize effects of rfi and emi noise in the data channels.

The present study indicates that the estimation of the gamma-ray strength function is the approach least subject to error when unmeasured capture cross sections are to be computed. An estimate is given for the /sup 88/..gamma..(n,..gamma..) cross section.

When designing a capacitor bank for energy storage, the engineer should not use more capacitors, voltage, or energy than necessary to supply the load and to overcome losses. Universal curves presented here aid the designer in making intelligent choices. For example, there is a minimum stored energy to be achieved, but no minimum voltage at which to store it. Included in the curves are the effects of series losses such as voltage drops in regulator tubes or in current-limiting resistors. Capacitor bank designs for the neutral-beam power supplies on 2XIIB and TMX are compared using the developed criteria.

Measurements of neutron capture and total cross sections for /sup 186/Os, /sup 187/Os, and /sup 188/Os, neutron inelastic scattering cross sections for /sup 187/Os and /sup 238/U, and total cross sections for /sup 32/S + n are reported. This report is administrative in nature, with few data. 7 figures. (RWR)

Abstract: "The Environmental Working Level Monitor (EWLM) is an instrument used to automatically monitor airborne Rn-daughter concentrations and the Working Level (WL). It is an ac powered, microprocessor-based instrument with an external inverter provided for dc operation if desired. The microprocessor's control processor unit (CPU) controls the actuation of the detector assembly and processes its output signals to yield the measurements in the proper units. The detectors are fully automated and require no manual operations once the instrument is programmed. They detect and separate the alpha emitters of RaA and RaC' as well as detecting the beta emitters of RaB and RaC. The resultant pulses from these detected radioisotopes are transmitted to the CPU. The programmed microprocessor performs the mathematical manipulations necessary to output accurate Rn-daughter concentrations and the WL. A special subroutine within the system program enables the EWLM to run a calibration procedure on command which yields calibration data. This data can then be processed in a separate program on most computers capable of BASIC programming. This calibration program results in the derivation of coefficients and beta efficiencies which provides the calibrated coefficients and beta efficiencies required by the main system program to assure proper calibration of the …

The objective of the work reported here was to develop a model which could be used to assess the economic effects of energy-conservative technological innovations upon the pipeline industry. The model is a dynamic simulator which accepts inputs of two classes: the physical description (design parameters, fluid properties, and financial structures) of the system to be studied, and the postulated market (throughput and price) projection. The model consists of time-independent submodels: the fluidics model which simulates the physical behavior of the system, and the financial model which operates upon the output of the fluidics model to calculate the economics outputs. Any of a number of existing fluidics models can be used in addition to that developed as a part of this study. The financial model, known as the Systems, Science and Software (S/sup 3/) Financial Projection Model, contains user options whereby pipeline-peculiar characteristics can be removed and/or modified, so that the model can be applied to virtually any kind of business enterprise. The several dozen outputs are of two classes: the energetics and the economics. The energetics outputs of primary interest are the energy intensity, also called unit energy consumption, and the total energy consumed. The primary economics outputs are …

The sensitivity of mechanical and hydraulic snubber parameters to system displacements, stresses, and forces are analyzed. Acceleration threshold, clearance, and friction are evaluated for mechanical snubbers while hydraulic snubber investigations include lock velocity, bleed rate, unlock loading, clearance, and friction. The back-up structure is influential for both types of snubbers and although not a snubber parameter, per se, is treated like a parameter. Forcing functions are utilized, and include both harmonic and time history seismic inputs to the mathematical models. Mathematical models are used to simulate snubber characteristics. Special mathematical techniques are developed for economical use in piping programs. Acceptable parameter ranges are established, based on criteria for the various mechanical and hydraulic snubber characteristics.

On March 13, 1979, a plutonium oxide storage can ruptured in the 303-C storage facility, which is in the 300 Area of the Hanford Site, Washington. The facility is operated by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL); three PNL staff members were performing the storage operation. No injuries to these staff members resulted from the occurrence. A Class C Investigation Committee was appointed on March 14, 1979, by the Director, PNL. Subsequently, when the loss estimates became available, the Manager, Department of Energy-Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL), appointed a Class B Investigation Committee in accordance with DOE Manual Chapter 0502. As requested by DOE-RL, the Committee investigated technical elements of the causal sequence and management systems that should have or could have prevented the occurrence. The investigation included: review of the use of the 303-C facilities and the transfer containers; interviews with the involved personnel and their managers; analysis of technical studies related to involved materials and procedures; review of safe operating procedures, radiation work procedures, and transfer requirements applicable to the occurrence; and use of the Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT) and the Events and Causal Factors Charting methods. 15 figs.

Burzet is a proposed intermediate-yield underground test of a nuclear explosive at the Nevada Test Site. The possible existence of a high Paleozoic scarp and fault within 100 m of the proposed working point created concern as to their effect on the containment of the radioactive gases. A calculation of the expected stress wave interaction at the scarp and fault demonstrates that the effects are negligible. Results of the calculation are those expected from an event in a homogeneous media and are thus consistent with good containment experience on numerous previous detonations of similar yield, depth of burial, and medium properties.

In response to additional needs developed during a review of the LOFT Technical Specifications, two more pressure reduction and decontamination sump volume vs. initial temperature data points were calculated in order to adequately quench steam generator relief blowdown. The two additional points chosen were for 10,000 gallons (based on ECC requirements) and for 120/sup 0/F (NPSH limit maximum temperature). The results are that for 10,000 gallons in the sump the maximum initial temperature is 110/sup 0/F and for 120/sup 0/F initial temperature, a volume of 14,000 gallons is required in the sump. Calculations are shown on page two of this report. The maximum final PR and DS temperature was set at 140/sup 0/F to preclude the vibrational effects discussed in LTR 115-9 and its referenced operational experience reports.

The Rio Blanco Massive Hydraulic Fracturing Project was fielded in 1974 as a joint Industry/ERDA demonstration to test the relative effectiveness of MHF in the same formations that were stimulated by the Rio Blanco nuclear fracturing experiment. The project is essentially a companion effort to and a continuation of the preceding nuclear stimulation project, which took place in May, 1973. The well was fractured a total of four times, twice in the Upper Mesaverde and twice in the Fort Union. A fifth zone in the Upper Mesaverde was extensively tested but abandoned as being of insufficient quality for fracturing. In the four treatments, none appears to have fractured laterally as designed. In the Fort Union and Mesaverde each well must produce from numerous sand lenses, the lateral extent of which appears to be limited.

Numerical methods and computer programs are given to evaluate, for an arbitrary intermolecular potential, the classical transport collision integrals which appear in the kinetic theory of dilute gases. The method of Gaussian quadrature was employed to integrate the triple integral. A detailed discussion is given of the mathematics necessary to determine the boundaries of the individual integrations as well as a detailed analysis of errors introduced by the numerical procedures. Results for a recently published helium potential, the HFDHE2, are given. 5 references.

The intent of this study is to: (1) make a preliminary assessment of the accuracy and precision of insolation data with respect to user requirements, and (2) make a corresponding assessment of the minimum/maximum geographic network coverage. In order to make these preliminary assessments, several specific questions have been addressed. Specifically: (1) how should users of solar radiation be classified and what principal uses of the data are made by each class, (2) what temporal and spatial properties of the data network are required to adequately serve the defined uses and users of solar radiation data, (3) to what degree does the existing network and associated data fulfill the desired data system properties, and (4) what criteria should be applied in identifying and evaluating expanded network/data options. The findings and conclusions of investigation of these questions are presented.