In thinking about this issue, one comes to fundamental question: Why are we concerned at all? Why have all of us gathered here, rather than simply continue to clean up what we should from the past and control our emissions for the present and the future? The answer, I think, may be hinted at by several scenarios (which, although plausible given current trends, are intended to be hypothetical).

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The device reported is a simple, robust, low-cost device to sample fast analog signals and convert them into digital data. Goal is to utilize existingleCroy Front End developments and BNL previous efforts to: Extend the dynamic range from 8 to 9-10 bits; Extend the depth of memory; Lower the cost; and Increase availability to general research and industrial cornmunity.

Quantum-based atomistic simulations are being used to study fundamental deformation and defect properties relevant to the multiscale modeling of plasticity in bcc metals at both ambient and extreme conditions. Ab initio electronic-structure calculations on the elastic and ideal-strength properties of Ta and Mo help constrain and validate many-body interatomic potentials used to study grain boundaries and dislocations. The predicted C(capital Sigma)5 (310)[100] grain boundary structure for Mo has recently been confirmed in HREM measurements. The core structure, (small gamma) surfaces, Peierls stress, and kink-pair formation energies associated with the motion of a/2(111) screw dislocations in Ta and Mo have also been calculated. Dislocation mobility and dislocation junction formation and breaking are currently under investigation.

An in-tank ion exchange column, described here, has been constructed to operate in the waste tanks at the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC). The purpose of the column is to remove dissolved mercury from laboratory wastes and capture them on Duolite{trademark} GT-73 resin. This paper summarizes the results of operation of such a column on two batches of waste in one high activity tank and on one batch of waste in a low activity tank for the purpose of removing mercury from the liquid wastes. Sufficient mercury decontamination was demonstrated with the in-tank resin removal system, after twenty four hours of operation in each tank, to render the waste nonhazardous and enable shipment to the F-Area evaporator.

An in-tank ion exchange column, described here, has been constructed to operate in the waste tanks at the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC). The purpose of the column is to remove dissolved mercury from laboratory wastes and capture them on Duolite[trademark] GT-73 resin. This paper summarizes the results of operation of such a column on two batches of waste in one high activity tank and on one batch of waste in a low activity tank for the purpose of removing mercury from the liquid wastes. Sufficient mercury decontamination was demonstrated with the in-tank resin removal system, after twenty four hours of operation in each tank, to render the waste nonhazardous and enable shipment to the F-Area evaporator.

This report discusses individual transferable quota (ITQ), which is an allocated privilege of landing a specified portion of the total annual fish catch in the form of quota shares.

An individual transferable quota (ITQ) is an allocated privilege of landing a specified portion of the total annual fish catch in the form of quota shares. This differs from the traditional open-access approach to commercial fisheries. ITQs divide the total annual catch quota into smaller individual portions. ITQs are generally transferable, which means fishing vessel owners can sell their ITQ certificates or buy others' certificates or, in some cases, lease their quota shares depending on how much (or whether) they want to participate in the fishery. ITQs are not considered property, but a privilege to catch a share of the total allowable catch of fish or shellfish in a given year. The initial allocation criteria for ITQs are controversial decisions established by Regional Fishery Management Councils, usually based on the historical catch of vessels, to benefit current active fishing vessel owners.

The DOE Standards Committee`s Necessary and Sufficient (N and S) Standards Closure Process was piloted at SRS on the F- and H- Area Seepage Basins Groundwater Remediation Project. For this existing Environmental Restoration project, the set of N and S standards for design and safety documentation were identified, independently confirmed and approved. Implementation of these standards on the project can lead to a $2.8 Million cost savings on the design, construction/installation, and safety documentation scope of $18 Million. These savings were primarily from site design of power distribution and piping for the water treatment units. Also contributing to the savings were a more appropriate level of safety documentation and the alternate ``commercial`` bids made by vendors in response to a request for proposals for water treatment units. The use of the N and S Process on an ER activity, details on the cost savings, lessons learned and recommendations for broader implementation of the N and S Process are described herein.

Electron cooling of completely stripped gold ions {sup 197}Au{sup 79+} in RHIC is considered for the store energy, {gamma} = 108. The optimal parameters of the required electron storage ring are discussed and proposed. The cooling time is calculated as 15 minutes, which would allow not only to avoid the beam loss due to the intra-beam scattering, but also reduce the transverse emittance and increase the luminosity several times.

This document presents sampling data resulting from the December 30, 1994, sampling of SST 241-BX-104 using the vapor sampling system.

This document presents sampling data resulting from the November 1, 1994, sampling of SST 241-BY-103 using the vapor sampling system.

This document presents sampling data resulting from the October 27, 1994, sampling of SST 241-BY-108 using the vapor sampling system.

This document presents sampling data resulting from the August 5, 1994, sampling of SST 241-C-108 using the vapor sampling system.

The critical energy inkstructures include gas, OL and electric power. These Mrastructures are complex and interdependent nmvorks that are vital to the national secwiy and social well being of our nation. Many electric power systems depend upon gas and oil, while fossil energy delive~ systems depend upon elecnic power. The control mechanisms for these Mrastructures are often referred to as SCADA (Supmivry CkmdandDaU Ac@itz&z) systems. SCADA systems provide remote monitoring and centralized control for a distributed tmnsportation infmsmucture in order to facilitate delivery of a commodi~. AIthough many of the SCADA concepts developed in this paper can be applied to automotive mmsponation systems, we will use transportation to refer to the movement of electrici~, gas, and oil. \ Recently, there have been seveml reports suggesting that the widespread and increasing use of SCADA for control of energy systems provides an increasing opportuni~ for an advers~ to cause serious darnage to the energy inbstmcturei~. This damage could arise through cyber infiltration of the SCADA networks, by physically tampering with the control networks, or through a combination of both means. SCADA system threats decompose into cyber and physical threats. One solution to the SCADA security problem is to design a standard for …

Measurements are given for the A layer Stub counters of the D-Zero Muon system. The purpose of the measurements is to determine the amount of space available for the A-stub muon counters. The counters will be positioned in between the central A layer PDTs and the cryostats. The given measurements are taken from the A layer PDTs towards the cryostat around the central portion of the detector. Drawings of the position and depth of the obstructions in a 5 inch clear zone are given.

While other programs check for bad passwords after the fact, it in important to have good passwords at all times, not just after the latest Crack run. To this end we have modified Larry Wall`s Perl password program and added, among other features, the ability to check a sorted list of all the ``bad passwords`` that Crack will generate, given all the dictionaries that we could get our hands on (107 MB of unique words, so far). The combination of improvements has turned publicly available code into a powerful tool that can aid sites in the maintenance of local security.

While other programs check for bad passwords after the fact, it in important to have good passwords at all times, not just after the latest Crack run. To this end we have modified Larry Wall's Perl password program and added, among other features, the ability to check a sorted list of all the bad passwords'' that Crack will generate, given all the dictionaries that we could get our hands on (107 MB of unique words, so far). The combination of improvements has turned publicly available code into a powerful tool that can aid sites in the maintenance of local security.

In the open field line region of the scrape-off layer (SOL), plasma potential is to a considerable degree determined by the boundary conditions on the divertor plates. By introducing toroidal asymmetries of the surface relief of the divertor plates or of their chemical composition, one can create toroidally asymmetric potential variations over the whole SOL and thereby induce convective plasma motion. This motion should lead to a broadening of the SOL and to reduction of beat load on the divertor plates. Convective motion can be induced also by a toroidally asymmetric gas-puff. In the present paper the authors consider all these techniques and evaluate the possible increase in the cross-field transport.

The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator group develops accelerating structures based on dielectric loaded waveguides. We use high charge short electron bunches to excite wakefields in dielectric loaded structures, and a second (low charge) beam to probe the wakefields left behind by the drive beam. We report measurements of beam parameters and also initial results of the dielectric loaded accelerating structures. We have studied acceleration of the probe beam in these structures and we have also made measurements on the RF pulses that are generated by the drive beam. Single drive bunches, as well as multiple bunches separated by an integer number of RF periods have been used to generate the accelerating wakefields.

We plan to resonantly excite plasma wakefields using a train of electron bunches separated by an-integer number of plasma wavelengths. The multiple electron bunches are generated by a photocathode based RF gun by splitting the laser beam into temporally separated pulses. The amplitude of the wakefields generated by the sequence of bunches is expected to be higher than that generated if all charge had been in only one bunch, because this single bunch would be considerably longer than the individual sub-bunches due to space charge effects in our gun.

At the Argonne Chemistry Division efforts are underway to develop a sub-picosecond electron beam pulse radiolysis facility for chemical studies. The target output of the accelerator is to generate electron pulses that can be adjusted from 3nC in .6ps to 100nC in 45ps. In conjunction with development of the accelerator a state-of-the-art ultrafast laser system is under construction that will drive the linac's photocathode and provide probe pulses that are tunable from the UV to IR spectral regions.

A measurement system for examining the possible linkage between an increased concentration of Greenhouse Gases (GGs) and symptoms of climate change has been designed and evaluated. The system consists of a dual port emission interferometer and supporting data analysis algorithms for the remote sensing the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere from a high elevation ground site deployment. Two blackbody systems were designed and tested to provide necessary calibration targets for the interferometer. The interferometer was deployed during four different periods at climatologically distinct locations to test the capabilities of the system. Over two hundred spectra were collected in a variety of conditions ranging from a clear middle latitude atmosphere viewed from mountain site at 3.0 km ASL to sub-tropical marine stratocumulus cloudiness measured at Porto Santo Island near Madeira. The algorithm has been used successfully to retrieve temperature and moisture profiles from both the mountain and sea level deployments. These initial retrievals indicate that ground based systems may only be effective in sensing the temperature and moisture profiles for the first few kilometers above the instrument. The interferometric data have been used to estimate the size of ``equivalent spherical`` ice particles in cirrus clouds. The data from the sea level deployment were …

the travelers attended the Fifth International Congress of Ecology (INTECOL) in Yokohama, Japan, and two presented invited papers and chaired symposia. One traveler also attended the OJI International Seminar in Gifu, Japan and the Fukuoka Symposium on Theoretical Ecology in Fukuoka, Japan and presented invited papers. At these scientific gatherings, a large number of symposia and specific presentations were relevant to current research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), especially in the areas of landscape dynamics, plant physiology, and aquatic ecosystems.