The laboratory cyclone incinerator has been developed to study the effects of burning feed containing radionuclides other than plutonium-238. These isotopes, which will be primarily products of fission, must be efficiently removed from the off-gas if combustible waste containing such species is to be incinerated. Modifications to the original incinerator design were made to increase the efficiency of combustion and particulate removal in the system and to reduce its energy consumption. A drum compactor was purchased, installed, and tested. The test results were as expected; a 55-gal steel drum volume was reduced by 86%. The ash/cement matrix studies were completed. The 65/35 mixture proved to be the best for dry-cure pellets, and the 80/20 mixture produced the best wet-cured pellets. Experimental incinerator ash was successfully sintered; the final carbon content was less than 0.1 wt%.

A thermal analysis of a deep geologic depository for spent nuclear fuel is being conducted. The TRUMP finite difference heat transfer code is used to analyze a 3-dimensional model of the depository. The model uses a unit cell consisting of one spent fuel canister buried in salt beneath a ventilated room in the depository. A base case was studied along with several parametric variations. It is concluded that this method is appropriate for analyzing the thermal response of the system, and that the most important parameter in determining the maximum temperatures is the canister heat generation rate. The effects of room ventilation and different depository media are secondary.

Results are presented of acceptance tests conducted on the Alternator Stator, S/N 002, for the Kilowatt Isotope Power System. These results show that the Alternator Stator, S/N 002 for the Kilowatt Isotope Power System has satisfactorily completed the testing set forth within Sundstrand Test Specification 2538. Test requirements of TS 2538 were extracted from the Kilowatt Isotope Power System, and Phase I Test Plan.

This report is a supplement to a tabulation of the thermodynamic and phase data for the 100 binary systems of Mo with the elements from H to Lr. The calculations of thermodynamic data and phase equilibria were carried out from 5000/sup 0/K to low temperatures. This report presents the methods of calculation used. The thermodynamics involved is rather straightforward and the reader is referred to any advanced thermodynamic text. The calculations were largely carried out using an HP-65 programmable calculator. In this report, those programs are reformulated for use with the HP-67 calculator; great reduction in the number of programs required to carry out the calculation results.

A two-phase turbine, using a low-quality steam-water mixture as a working fluid, was designed, built, and tested in the laboratory. Two-phase fluids are found naturally in most geothermal fields throughout the world and can also be used in the conversion of waste heat from industrial sources. The thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic properties of such fluid mixtures are reviewed, with specific reference to the selection and design of an appropriate expander. Various types of practically realizable expanders are considered, and the choice of a single-stage, axial-flow, impulse turbine is explained. Also the basic design parameters, including sizing and blade and nozzle geometry, are described.

A solenoid coil, 105 cm inside the 167 cm outside diameter, has been constructed and tested to study the performance of the stabilized Nb--Ti conductor to be used in the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) being built at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The insulation system of the test coil is identical to that envisioned for MFTF. Cold-weld joints were made in the conductor at the start and finish of each layer; heaters were fitted to some of these joints and also to the conductor at various locations in the winding. This paper gives details of the construction of the coil and the results of the tests carried out to determine its propagation and recovery characteristics.

The local environment surrounding Mound Facility was monitored for tritium and plutonium-238. The results are reported for calendar year 1977. The environmental parameters analyzed included air, water, foodstuffs, soil and silt. The average concentrations of plutonium-238 and tritium were within the applicable stringent standards for radioactive species adopted by the U.S. DOE. Mound Facility drinking water has been brought into compliance with the new EPA standard for tritium in community drinking water systems, and Mound has undertaken a program to achieve compliance for nine private wells adjacent to the Facility site. The program has partially achieved its objective by bringing Mound wells and some of the nine affected private wells in the vicinity of Mound Facility into compliance with the U.S. EPA standard and significantly reducing tritium concentration in the remaining wells. Data concerning nonradioactive species in air and water are also presented and compared to federal, state, and local standards, where applicable.

Progress is reported on the development of the high-temperature solid-oxide electrolyte fuel cell. Oxygen loss behavior in the lanthanum chromite interconnection material was investigated by the microweighing technique. RF sputtered interconnection bands have been produced that display suitable density to permit the technique to be used in the construction of cell stacks. Electrochemical vapor deposition equipment has been modified to enable preparation of 20 cell fuel cell stack fabrication to proceed. The fuel electrode process and equipment have been improved to permit fabrication of long (0.3 m) tube segments, showing good mechanical and electrical properties. Long tube sections have been used to fabricate air electrodes, having desired porosity without loss of conductivity. Porous support tube work (involving equipment and fabrication techniques) is being extended to the fabrication of 0.3 m long tubes, needed for the fabrication of the 20 cell stacks. Work continues on the construction of the 5 station fuel cell stack life test facility. Theoretical interpretations of fuel cell stack polarization losses have been compared with actual measured losses in the 5 cell fuel cell stack previously tested in the program. Analyses of the intercell leakage current in the five cell fuel cell stack that was life tested …

A calculation of the cross section for e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/ interactions is performed assuming colliding beam conditions and propagation of a neutral intermediate vector boson. From this a derivation of the expression for the longitudinal polarization of the final state ..mu../sup -/ is made. The calculation, using relativistic, weak interaction, and field theory, demonstrates the connection between the polarization and the weak force parameters explicity. (JFP)

Operation Morning Light was conducted to search for the reactor core of Cosmos 954, the nuclear-powered Soviet satellite that crashed in the northwest territories of Canada in late January 1978. many of the satellite parts found were beryllium. This study discusses the geometry, condition, microstructure, and possible fabrication history of these beryllium parts.

This study covers the use of dc generators for meeting the Experimental Power Reactor Ohmic Heating Energy Storage Requirements. The dc generators satisfy these requirements which are the same as defined in WFPS-TME-038 which covered the use of ac generators and homopolar generators. The costs of the latter two systems have been revised to eliminate first-of-a-kind factors. The cost figures for dc generators indicate a need to develop larger machines in order to take advantage of the economy-of-scale that the large ac machines have. Each of the systems has its own favorable salient features on which to base a system selection.

Sample collection and preparation of the Umtanum Flow basalt for geochemical testing are described. (LK)

The radial-outflow reaction turbine, a pure-reaction turbine designed to improve the conversion efficiency of geothermal energy into electrical power is described. It also has potential as a total-flow turbine for low-temperature water. The principle of incomplete expansion can be used to obtain a reduction in turbine size when the turbine exhausts into a low-pressure condenser. And, by adding this turbine to single- and two-stage flashed-steam systems, the conversion efficiency of systems utilizing low- and high-energy wellhead sources, respectively can be improved. The Appendix outlines the analysis of the radial-outflow reaction turbine and leads to an expression for engine efficiency.

The technical progress reported is divided into seven task areas. They are as follows: (1) thermal disproportionation of Si/sub x/F/sub y/ homologues on Si packed beds. Effort has been directed toward the study of the thermal disproportionation of Si/sub x/F/sub y/ homologues on Si packed beds at 850/sup 0/C and 500/sup 0/C. (2) review of experimental results on the near-continuous reactor. The silicon transport data from forty runs conducted on the near-continuous reactor are summarized and discussed. (3) thermal analysis of (SiF/sub 2/)/sub x/ polymer. At 276 to 286/sup 0/C a strong exothermic transition occurs in the (SiF/sub 2/)/sub x/ polymer. The enthalpy (..delta..H) measured by D.S.C. was -44.37 cal/gm. Other smaller endotherms were observed at 96/sup 0/C and 363/sup 0/C. (4) motorola purification therodynamics. In the Appendix can be found thermodynamic calculations for the predicted SiF/sub 4/ to SiF/sub 2/ conversion efficiencies for Step I in the SiF/sub 4/ transport purification process. (5) polymer condensation. It was concluded from the polymer condensation experiments at 0/sup 0/C that substrates and higher pressures in the polymer condensation unit increase condensation efficiency. However, the higher pressure occurring in these experiments markedly reduced the Step I reaction efficiency. (6) crystal growth. Single crystal …

The principal objectives of the SLPX (Superconducting Long-Pulse Experiment) are: (1) to demonstrate quasi-steady operation of 3 to 5 MA hydrogen and deuterium tokamak plasmas at high temperature and high thermal wall loading, and (2) to develop reliable operation of prototypical tokamak reactor magnetics systems featuring a toroidal assembly of high-field niobium-tin coils, and a system of pulsed niobium-titanium superconducting poloidal-field coils. This paper describes the status of the engineering design features of the SLPX, with emphasis on the magnetics systems. The toroidal-field coils have an aperture of 3.1 x 4.8 m and can operate with a maximum field at the conductor of 12 T. The superconducting poloidal field magnetics system consists of a pulsed NbTi central solenoid and a set of dc NbTi equilibrium-field coils. The entire machine is enclosed in an outer vacuum container equipped with re-entrant ports that provide ambient access to the room-temperature plasma vessel.

Nb/sub 3/Ge films fabricated by magnetron sputtering at substrate temperatures T/sub s/, from 600 to 850/sup 0/C and film thicknesses of 1 to 5 ..mu..m have been analyzed with respect to transition temperature T/sub c/, critical current density as a function of applied field J/sub c/(H), and grain size. J/sub c/ at 5Tesla shows a strong dependence on T/sub s/, decreasing by more than an order of magnitude as T/sub s/ increases from 700 to 815/sup 0/C. This decrease will be related to grain diameter D. Results will be presented which suggest a lower J/sub c/(H) in thicker films prepared at a fixed T/sub s/ is caused by increased grain diameters as the films grow in thickness. Evidence will be presented showing these results to be consistent with grain boundaries being the dominant pinning mechanism in these films.

A retrofit solar water-heating system has been installed in a three-story apartment building at Drexel University. The system employs two conventional collector banks (10 PPG collectors) mounted at the latitude angle for Philadelphia of 40 deg from the horizontal and two double-exposure collectors (DEC's) mounted vertically in mirrored enclosures. Although the DEC units are being used for year-round domestic water heating for the building, they are designed to provide maximum output in the winter and are therefore well-suited to solar space heat applications. Instrumentation for testing the DEC units has been developed and installed in the apartment building. The temperature sensors have been calibrated and regular data collection has begun. Some of the performance data acquired in June and July is presented and analyzed. The performance of the DEC units has been excellent during these summer months. A computer program has been developed for performance calculations for a variety of mirror configurations and latitude locations. Some preliminary results are presentd for latitudes 35, 40 and 45 deg.

A total ozone retrieval model has been developed to process radiance data gathered by a satellite-mounted multichannel filter radiometer (MFR). Extensive effort went into theoretical radiative transfer modeling, a retrieval scheme was developed, and the technique was applied to the MFR radiance measurements. The high quality of the total ozone retrieval results was determined through comparisons with Dobson measurements. Included in the report are global total ozone maps for 20 days between May 12 and July 5, 1977. A comparison of MFR results for 13 days in June 1977 with Dobson spectrophotometer measurements of ozone for the same period showed good agreement: there was a root-mean-square difference of 6.2% (equivalent to 20.2 m.atm.cm). The estimated global total ozone value for June 1977 (296 m.atm.cm) was in good agreement with satellite backscatter ultraviolet data for June 1970 (304 m.atm.cm) and June 1971 (preliminary data--299 m.atm.cm).

Background information relative to wrought tungsten forming was required in support of development studies. Seven principal areas of tungsten metallurgy were of interest: fabrication methods, delamination, recrystallization, heat treatment, fracture characteristics, impurity effects, and surface treatments. Pertinent information in Metal Abstracts from 1967 to mid 1977 was summarized for each area. Only a few papers were reviewed in their entirety; the great majority of information was derived from abstracts of the papers. 61 references.

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Progress was made in all three areas this quarter--geochemistry, petrology, and basin analysis. In geochemistry the isotope work is well-established as is elemental analysis. Both are useful in application of data from other sources to the shales sequence, as shown. The V/Ni is proceeding well, and should be complete by July. The phenolic aldehyde work is not yet started because of equipment supply problems. In petrology some important progress was made in internal surface area studies of the shale in the Cumberland Thrust. Thin section petrography of outcrop samples from the Virginia side of the thrust is nearly complete. In basin analysis, the basic stratigraphic work of the project is nearly complete, with perhaps some problems remaining in the lower part of the section. All contractors are encouraged to produce the isopach maps, etc. of each unit as soon as possible. Representatives from Cincinnati have attended several meetings this quarter helping to coordinate these activities. The paleocurrent study of the basin is very nearly complete, needing some final work along the western side.

The Department of Energy's Regional Demand Forecasting Model (RDFOR) is an econometric and simulation system designed to estimate annual fuel-sector-region specific consumption of energy for the US. Its purposes are to (1) provide the demand side of the Project Independence Evaluation System (PIES), (2) enhance our empirical insights into the structure of US energy demand, and (3) assist policymakers in their decisions on and formulations of various energy policies and/or scenarios. This report provides a self-contained user's manual for interpreting, utilizing, and implementing RDFOR simulation software packages. Chapters I and II present the theoretical structure and the simulation of RDFOR, respectively. Chapter III describes several potential scenarios which are (or have been) utilized in the RDFOR simulations. Chapter IV presents an overview of the complete software package utilized in simulation. Chapter V provides the detailed explanation and documentation of this package. The last chapter describes step-by-step implementation of the simulation package using the two scenarios detailed in Chapter III. The RDFOR model contains 14 fuels: gasoline, electricity, natural gas, distillate and residual fuels, liquid gases, jet fuel, coal, oil, petroleum products, asphalt, petroleum coke, metallurgical coal, and total fuels, spread over residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.

This appendix supplements Chapter II of the RDFOR Model documentation report. It consists of six tables: US total sector quantities, 1960-1975 in trillions of Btu; US fuel sector quantities, 1960-1975 in trillions of Btu; US fuel sector prices, 1960-1975 in constant 1975 dollars per million Btu; historical total sector quantities by region, 1960-1975 in trillions of Btu; historical energy prices by fuel/sector by region, 1960-1975 in constant 1975 dollars per million Btu; and historical energy quantities by fuel/sector by region, 1960-1975 in trillions of Btu.

This report documents the demand forecasting model, RDFOR. Chapter I presents an overview of the structure of RDFOR as well as its linkages with other models within the PIES model. An important link between RDFOR and PIES is the Demand Interface System (DFACE) which prepares the output of RDFOR for input into PIES. Chapter II provides an in-depth analysis of the data bases used in the estimation and simulation of RDFOR. It presents an analysis of trends in energy data by fuel and by sector for both the United States as a whole and for each of the 10 DOE Regions. Chapter III provides a detailed analysis of the theoretical structure of RDFOR, analyzes a transportation sector model and a minor fuels sector model which differ in structure from the other sectors within RDFOR, and examines the econometric implementation of RDFOR. Chapter IV describes the simulation of RDFOR and its resultant forecasts. Emphasis is placed on the various restrictions and transformations performed prior to and during the simulation. A description of scenario implementation is also included. An analysis of the changes made in the simulation equations from the specification of the estimation equations is an important part of this chapter.