This appendix supplements Chapter II of the RDFOR Model documentation report. It consists of six tables: US total sector quantities, 1960-1975 in trillions of Btu; US fuel sector quantities, 1960-1975 in trillions of Btu; US fuel sector prices, 1960-1975 in constant 1975 dollars per million Btu; historical total sector quantities by region, 1960-1975 in trillions of Btu; historical energy prices by fuel/sector by region, 1960-1975 in constant 1975 dollars per million Btu; and historical energy quantities by fuel/sector by region, 1960-1975 in trillions of Btu.

The Department of Energy's Regional Demand Forecasting Model (RDFOR) is an econometric and simulation system designed to estimate annual fuel-sector-region specific consumption of energy for the US. Its purposes are to (1) provide the demand side of the Project Independence Evaluation System (PIES), (2) enhance our empirical insights into the structure of US energy demand, and (3) assist policymakers in their decisions on and formulations of various energy policies and/or scenarios. This report provides a self-contained user's manual for interpreting, utilizing, and implementing RDFOR simulation software packages. Chapters I and II present the theoretical structure and the simulation of RDFOR, respectively. Chapter III describes several potential scenarios which are (or have been) utilized in the RDFOR simulations. Chapter IV presents an overview of the complete software package utilized in simulation. Chapter V provides the detailed explanation and documentation of this package. The last chapter describes step-by-step implementation of the simulation package using the two scenarios detailed in Chapter III. The RDFOR model contains 14 fuels: gasoline, electricity, natural gas, distillate and residual fuels, liquid gases, jet fuel, coal, oil, petroleum products, asphalt, petroleum coke, metallurgical coal, and total fuels, spread over residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.

This report documents the demand forecasting model, RDFOR. Chapter I presents an overview of the structure of RDFOR as well as its linkages with other models within the PIES model. An important link between RDFOR and PIES is the Demand Interface System (DFACE) which prepares the output of RDFOR for input into PIES. Chapter II provides an in-depth analysis of the data bases used in the estimation and simulation of RDFOR. It presents an analysis of trends in energy data by fuel and by sector for both the United States as a whole and for each of the 10 DOE Regions. Chapter III provides a detailed analysis of the theoretical structure of RDFOR, analyzes a transportation sector model and a minor fuels sector model which differ in structure from the other sectors within RDFOR, and examines the econometric implementation of RDFOR. Chapter IV describes the simulation of RDFOR and its resultant forecasts. Emphasis is placed on the various restrictions and transformations performed prior to and during the simulation. A description of scenario implementation is also included. An analysis of the changes made in the simulation equations from the specification of the estimation equations is an important part of this chapter.

By combining the electrically-driven, flying-plate, high-explosive initiator with well-known gas-gun technology, a novel method of generating and measuring shock pressures greater than 1 TPa has been developed. Called the electric gun, this system is competitive with laser or nuclear-driven, shock-wave, equation-of-state experiments in the 1 to 5 TPa range. Compared to those other methods, it has the advantage of simplicity, high precision, and low cost. In addition, its small size and low total energy allow it to be easily contained for experiments with toxic materials.

Nb/sub 3/Ge films fabricated by magnetron sputtering at substrate temperatures T/sub s/, from 600 to 850/sup 0/C and film thicknesses of 1 to 5 ..mu..m have been analyzed with respect to transition temperature T/sub c/, critical current density as a function of applied field J/sub c/(H), and grain size. J/sub c/ at 5Tesla shows a strong dependence on T/sub s/, decreasing by more than an order of magnitude as T/sub s/ increases from 700 to 815/sup 0/C. This decrease will be related to grain diameter D. Results will be presented which suggest a lower J/sub c/(H) in thicker films prepared at a fixed T/sub s/ is caused by increased grain diameters as the films grow in thickness. Evidence will be presented showing these results to be consistent with grain boundaries being the dominant pinning mechanism in these films.

In current and previous efforts, ECON has provided a preliminary economic assessment of a fusion research program. Part of this effort was the demonstration of a methodology for the estimation of reactor system costs and risk and for the treatment of program alternatives as a series of steps (tests) to buy information, thereby controlling program risk and providing a sound economic rationale for properly constructed research programs. The first phase of work also identified two areas which greatly affect the overall economic evaluation of fusion research and which warranted further study in the second phase. This led to the two tasks of the second phase reported herein: (1) discount rate determination and (2) evaluation of the effect of the expectation of the introduction of fusion power on current fossil fuel prices. In the first task, various conceptual measures of the social rate of discount were reviewed and critiqued. In the second task, a benefit area that had been called out by ECON was further examined. Long-range R and D yields short-term benefits in the form of lower nonrenewable energy resource prices because the R and D provides an expectation of future competition for the remaining reserves at the time of …

A hybrid system consists of two or more energy conversion processes. This study examines the use of three energy conversion machines in hybrid systems: the conventional single-phase turbine, and the two-phase expanders known as the Lysholm engine and the radial outflow reaction turbine. Two hybrid systems are presented. The first is a two-stage, single-flash system with the Lysholm engine as the first stage, and a separator and conventional turbine as the second stage. The second system adds a radial outflow reaction turbine to recover a part of the energy rejected in the second stage. A theoretical specific power of 41.3 kW.s/lb is predicted for the two-stage, single-flash hybrid system. The addition of the radial outflow rotary turbine increases performance to 44.8 kW.s/lb. Both are superior to the double-flash system, with a specific power of 37.8 kW.s/lb. In addition, the hybrid system offers operating flexibility.

A solenoid coil, 105 cm inside the 167 cm outside diameter, has been constructed and tested to study the performance of the stabilized Nb--Ti conductor to be used in the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) being built at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The insulation system of the test coil is identical to that envisioned for MFTF. Cold-weld joints were made in the conductor at the start and finish of each layer; heaters were fitted to some of these joints and also to the conductor at various locations in the winding. This paper gives details of the construction of the coil and the results of the tests carried out to determine its propagation and recovery characteristics.

The principal objectives of the SLPX (Superconducting Long-Pulse Experiment) are: (1) to demonstrate quasi-steady operation of 3 to 5 MA hydrogen and deuterium tokamak plasmas at high temperature and high thermal wall loading, and (2) to develop reliable operation of prototypical tokamak reactor magnetics systems featuring a toroidal assembly of high-field niobium-tin coils, and a system of pulsed niobium-titanium superconducting poloidal-field coils. This paper describes the status of the engineering design features of the SLPX, with emphasis on the magnetics systems. The toroidal-field coils have an aperture of 3.1 x 4.8 m and can operate with a maximum field at the conductor of 12 T. The superconducting poloidal field magnetics system consists of a pulsed NbTi central solenoid and a set of dc NbTi equilibrium-field coils. The entire machine is enclosed in an outer vacuum container equipped with re-entrant ports that provide ambient access to the room-temperature plasma vessel.