Attached are the impurity data for 20-liter growth runs N. Zaitseva/L. Carman made in the 1996-1997 time frame for which we have both solution and crystal data. The 5 impurities added for the runs are AI(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), Mo(VI), and Sb(V). As an explanation of the tables, I report all impurity concentrations as ppb (ng/g{sub KDP}) with respect to dry KDP (even solution data.) ''MDL'' stands for ''Method Detection Limit.'' Nominal uncertainties are 1 MDL or 10% of the quoted value, whichever is greater. If the measured value is less than the MDL, I report ''ND,'' for ''Not Detected.'' If the value is greater than the MDL, but less than twice the MDL, I report ''D,'' for ''Detected.'' If the value is more than twice the MDL, I report two significant figures. The values come from ICP-ES and ICP-MS measurements. I give the detection limit for the more sensitive technique in the table under the ''MDL'' heading. In case where only one technique was used, I give the MDL for that technique in parentheses after the impurity value in the table. Since these measurements were made, changes in instrumentation have resulted in significant improvements in many of the detection limits. …

Direct measurement of the coherence time of a high-intensity laser beam (600 ps, 10{sup 14} W.cm{sup -2}) after plasma propagation is achieved using a Michelson interferometer. Through plasma of interest for indirect-drive fusion (0.1 x n{sub c}, 1 mm long), a large decrease of the coherence time is observed, from 100 ps to {approx} 10 ps, induced by the interaction between the intense beam and the plasma. This decrease is even stronger as the light is scattered at larger angles from the initial beam angular distribution and as the plasma density is increased. The results coincide with trends observed in recent numerical simulations.

The efficient representation of volumetric meshes is a central problem in scientific visualization. The difference in performance between most visualization algorithm for rectilinear grids and for unstructured mesh is mostly due to fundamental difference in efficiency of their representations. In Computer Graphics the gap in performance between 2D rectilinear grids and unstructured mesh has been overcome with the development of representation schemes based on the concept of subdivision surfaces. This gap has not been bridged in the volumetric cases which is fundamental interest for Scientific Visualization. In this paper we introduce a slow-growing volumetric subdivision scheme for meshes of any topology, any intrinsic dimension d and composed of a general type of polyhedral cells (topological balls). The main feature of this approach is the ability to split in different stages cells of different dimensions. This allows to increase the resolution of the mesh slowly using small stencils for the smoothing rules. ''Sharp features'' of dimension lower than d are embedded naturally in the subdivision procedure. Automatic adaptation is provided for variable resolution. In the uniform case the slow subdivision doubles the number of vertices in the mesh at each refinement independent of its dimension d. The bisection of all the …

Diabetes is a disease that affects over 16 million people in the USA at a cost of 100 billion dollars annually. The ability to regulate insulin delivery in people with Type 1 diabetes is imperative as is the need to manage glucose levels in all people with this disease. Our current method for monitoring glucose is a (FDA approved) minimally invasive enzymatic sensor that can measure glucose levels in vivo for three days. We are focused on developing a noninvasive implantable glucose sensor that will be interrogated by an external device. The material must be robust, easy to process, biocompatible and resistant to biofouling. In this Presentation we will discuss the development of a new polymeric matrix that can recognize physiological levels of glucose in vitro using fluorescent spectroscopy.

Recently, new cross section measurements by the GEANIE collaboration have been published for {sup 239}Pu(n, 2n{gamma}) [Ber00] and {sup 235}U(n, 2n{gamma}) [You00] from threshold to 20 MeV. When combined with nuclear reaction calculations [Che00, Cha99, Cha01], these measurements provide the most accurate information available on the shape and magnitude of the {sup 239}Pu(n, 2n) cross section for incident neutron energies, E{sub n} {approx}< 14 MeV. This new data has prompted a re-evaluation of the {sup 239}Pu(n, 2n) {sup 238}Pu reaction cross section considering all available experimental data. The data prior to the measurement of Bernstein et al. [Ber00] is illustrated in Figure 1a. These data sets were considered by previous evaluations [ENDL] of the {sup 239}Pu(n, 2n) cross section. The most precise experiment was an activation measurement done by Lougheed et al. [Lou00] for incident neutron energies, E{sub n}, between 13-15 MeV. In addition, there were two neutron-counting experiments, one by Mather et al. [Mat72] and one by Frehaut et al. [Fre85]. These two measurements cover a wide incident neutron range, with data points from threshold to E{sub n} {approx} 14 MeV. The available data sets are in poor agreement with each other and in some cases do not meet …

Cluster computing has emerged as a defacto standard in parallel computing over the last decade. Now, researchers have begun to use clustered, shared-memory multiprocessors (SMPs) to attack some of the largest and most complex scientific calculations in the world today [2, 1], running them on the world's largest machines including the US DOE ASCI platforms: Red, Blue Mountain, Blue Pacific, and White. MPI has been the predominant programming model for clusters [3]; however, as users move to ''wider'' SMPs, the combination of MPI and threads has a ''natural fit'' to the underlying system design: use MPI for managing parallelism between SMPs and threads for parallelism within one SMP. OpenMP is emerging as a leading contender for managing parallelism within an SMP. OpenMP and MPI offer their users very different characteristics. Developed for different memory models, they fill diametrically opposed needs for parallel programming. OpenMP was made for shared memory systems, while MPI was made for distributed memory systems. OpenMP was designed for explicit parallelism and implicit data movement, while MPI was designed for explicit data movement and implicit parallelism. This difference in focus gives the two parallel programming frameworks very different usage characteristics. But these complementary usage characteristics make the …

An alternative approach is described to evaluate the statistical nature of the breakup of shaped charge liners. Experimental data from ductile and brittle copper jets are analyzed in terms of velocity gradient, deviation of {Delta}V from linearity, R/S analysis, and the Hurst exponent within the coupled map lattice model. One-dimensional simulations containing 600 zones of equal mass and using distinctly different force-displacement curves are generated to simulate ductile and brittle behavior. A particle separates from the stretching jet when an element of material reaches the failure criterion. A simple model of a stretching rod using brittle, semi-brittle, and ductile force-displacement curves is in agreement with the experimental results for the Hurst exponent and the phase portraits and indicates that breakup is a correlated phenomenon.

We present position sensitivity measurements obtained with one of the 32-fold segmented HPGe detectors from Michigan State University. These measurements were performed with a collimated beam of {sup 137}Cs gamma rays scattered by 90 degrees. This deposits 374 keV at a given location inside the crystal. A position resolution can be determined over many events by examining the digitally recorded pulse shapes on the 32 electrical contacts. If position resolution is adequate, gamma ray Compton camera imaging may be possible.

We suggest a new class of high-flux renewable optics, in particular, for the use at the X-ray free electron laser, LCLS, which is under discussion now. The size of optical elements we have in mind is from a fraction of a square centimeter to a few square centimeters. We suggest that working fluid be pressed through a porous substrate (made, e.g., of fused capillaries) to form a film, a few tens to a hundred microns thick. After the passage of an intense laser pulse, the liquid film is sucked back through the substrate by a reversed motion of the piston, and formed anew before the next pulse. The working surface of the film is made flat by capillary forces. We discuss the role of viscous, gravitational, and capillary forces in the dynamics of the film and show that the properly made film can be arbitrarily oriented with respect to the gravitational force. This makes the proposed optics very flexible. We discuss effects of vibrations of the supporting structures on the quality of optical elements. Limitations on the radiation intensity are formulated. We show how the shape of the film surface can be controlled by electrostatic and magnetic forces, allowing one …

Properties of rock materials under quasistatic conditions are well characterized in laboratory experiments. Unfortunately, quasistatic data alone are not sufficient to calibrate models for use to describe inelastic wave propagation associated with conventional and nuclear explosions, or with impact. First, rock properties are size-dependent. properties measured using laboratory samples on the order of a few centimeters in size need to be modified to adequately describe wave propagation in a problem on the order of a few hundred meters in size. Second, there is lack of data about the damage (softening) behavior of rock because most laboratory tests focus on the pre-peak hardening region with very little emphasis on the post-peak softening region. This paper presents a model for granite that accounts for both the hardening and softening of geologic materials, and also provides a simple description of rubblized rock. The model is shown to reproduce results of quasistatic triaxial experiments as well as peak velocity and peak displacement attenuation from a compendium of dynamic wave propagation experiments that includes US and French nuclear tests in granite.

We have developed an improved computational theory of condensed matter in the regime where T {le} T{sub Fermi}. Previous methods of calculating the equation of state (EOS) relied on interpolation between low-temperature (solid) and high-temperature (plasma) limits, or employed severe approximations. Recent theoretical and experimental developments have highlighted the need for accurate EOS and opacity data in the intermediate temperature range and offer the opportunity to test theoretical models. We describe our results for EOS and optical properties for temperatures up to 10{sup 6} K, and describe directions for future work.

The Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) was designed and built from 1993 to 1999 by an ITER collaboration between the US and Japan, with contributions from the European Union and the Russian Federation. The main goal of the project was to establish the superconducting magnet technology necessary for a large-scale fusion experimental reactor. Three heavily instrumented insert coils were built to cover a wide operational space for testing. The CS Insert, built by Japan, was tested in April-August of 2000. The TF Insert, built by Russian Federation, will be tested in the fall of 2001. The NbAl Insert, built by Japan, will be tested in 2002. The testing takes place in the CSMC Test Facility at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka, Japan. The CSMC was charged successfully without training to its design current of 46 kA to produce 13 T in the magnet bore. The stored energy at 46 kA was 640 MJ. This paper presents the main results of the CSMC and the CS Insert testing--magnet critical parameters, ac losses, joint performance, quench characteristics and some results of the post-test analysis.

Under the Situation and Crisis Center (SCC) management, the Information Analytical Center (IAC) of the Ministry of Atomic Energy (Minatom) of Russia was created to oversee the operation of the Federal Nuclear Material Control and Accounting Information System (FIS). During 2000, the FIS achieved an important milestone in its development: the basic functions of the information system were implemented. This includes placing into operation the collecting and processing of nuclear material control and accounting (MC&A) information from the enterprises reporting to the FIS. The FIS began working with 14 Russian enterprises to develop and implement full-function reporting (i.e., reporting inventory and inventory changes including closeout and reconciliation between the FIS and enterprises). In 2001, the system will expand to include enterprise-level inventory information for all enterprises using nuclear materials in Russia. For this reason, at the end of 2000 through the beginning of 2001, five separate training sessions were held for over 100 enterprise personnel responsible for preparation and transfer of the reports to the FIS. Through the assistance of the Nuclear Material Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) program, information systems for the accounting of nuclear materials are being installed at Russia enterprises. In creating the program for modernization of …

Low-power EM radar-like sensors have made it possible to measure properties of the human speech production system in real-time, without acoustic interference [1]. By combining these data with the corresponding acoustic signal, we've demonstrated an almost 10-fold bandwidth reduction in speech compression, compared to a standard 2.4 kbps LPC10 protocol used in the STU-III (Secure Terminal Unit, third generation) telephone. This paper describes a potential EM sensor/acoustic based vocoder implementation.

In the past year a spare NASA/GSFC Astro-E microcalorimeter has been installed, tested, and run successfully on the electron beam ions traps EBIT-I and EBIT-II at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The microcalorimeter complements crystal and grating spectrometers already part of the LLNL ebit program making it possible to measure a broad bandwidth ({approx}0.3-10 keV) with moderate resolution while simultaneously measuring a narrow bandwidth ({approx}0.7-1.3 keV) with high resolution. An overview of recent work, including measurements by the microcalorimeter of absolute excitation cross is presented. These results continue our effort to provide atomic data of high quality to be used as benchmarks of theoretical calculations and to be included in atomic data bases employed by spectral fitting packages used to interpret spectra obtained by XMM-Newton and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory.

The Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy (Minatom) is the federal authority empowered with the management of state-owned nuclear materials, with the exception of military applications. The Russian Federal Nuclear Materials Control and Accounting Information System (FIS) is a key component in establishing an effective nuclear materials management system in the Russian Federation. In December 2000, the Russian government issued the decree to enter into force the regulation on the accounting and control of nuclear materials and directed the State System of Accounting and Control (SSAC) of nuclear materials should begin October 2001. This regulation establishes the basic accounting documents and the requirement to report them to the FIS to launch the State Nuclear Material Registry of nuclear materials. The Nuclear Material Registry contains information on agencies and operating organizations that use nuclear material, along with the kinds, quantity and other characteristics of nuclear material. Minatom will use the Registry and the supporting database and functionality that reside in the FIS for carrying out the functions of nuclear materials management. At the same time, the FIS provides for reporting from material balance areas (MBA). With American support, 14 Russian enterprises are reporting material balance area level information to the FIS …