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This report is an An Analysis and Chronology of Developments of West European Communist Parties in 1977.

This report is an Analysis and Chronology of Developments of West European Communist Parties in 1977.

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This document collects Congressional acts authorizing prior review, approval or disapproval of proposed executive actions.

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Operation Morning Light was conducted to search for the reactor core of Cosmos 954, the nuclear-powered Soviet satellite that crashed in the northwest territories of Canada in late January 1978. many of the satellite parts found were beryllium. This study discusses the geometry, condition, microstructure, and possible fabrication history of these beryllium parts.

Progress is reported on the development of the high-temperature solid-oxide electrolyte fuel cell. Oxygen loss behavior in the lanthanum chromite interconnection material was investigated by the microweighing technique. RF sputtered interconnection bands have been produced that display suitable density to permit the technique to be used in the construction of cell stacks. Electrochemical vapor deposition equipment has been modified to enable preparation of 20 cell fuel cell stack fabrication to proceed. The fuel electrode process and equipment have been improved to permit fabrication of long (0.3 m) tube segments, showing good mechanical and electrical properties. Long tube sections have been used to fabricate air electrodes, having desired porosity without loss of conductivity. Porous support tube work (involving equipment and fabrication techniques) is being extended to the fabrication of 0.3 m long tubes, needed for the fabrication of the 20 cell stacks. Work continues on the construction of the 5 station fuel cell stack life test facility. Theoretical interpretations of fuel cell stack polarization losses have been compared with actual measured losses in the 5 cell fuel cell stack previously tested in the program. Analyses of the intercell leakage current in the five cell fuel cell stack that was life tested …

A solenoid coil, 105 cm inside the 167 cm outside diameter, has been constructed and tested to study the performance of the stabilized Nb--Ti conductor to be used in the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) being built at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The insulation system of the test coil is identical to that envisioned for MFTF. Cold-weld joints were made in the conductor at the start and finish of each layer; heaters were fitted to some of these joints and also to the conductor at various locations in the winding. This paper gives details of the construction of the coil and the results of the tests carried out to determine its propagation and recovery characteristics.

The principal objectives of the SLPX (Superconducting Long-Pulse Experiment) are: (1) to demonstrate quasi-steady operation of 3 to 5 MA hydrogen and deuterium tokamak plasmas at high temperature and high thermal wall loading, and (2) to develop reliable operation of prototypical tokamak reactor magnetics systems featuring a toroidal assembly of high-field niobium-tin coils, and a system of pulsed niobium-titanium superconducting poloidal-field coils. This paper describes the status of the engineering design features of the SLPX, with emphasis on the magnetics systems. The toroidal-field coils have an aperture of 3.1 x 4.8 m and can operate with a maximum field at the conductor of 12 T. The superconducting poloidal field magnetics system consists of a pulsed NbTi central solenoid and a set of dc NbTi equilibrium-field coils. The entire machine is enclosed in an outer vacuum container equipped with re-entrant ports that provide ambient access to the room-temperature plasma vessel.

A calculation of the cross section for e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/ interactions is performed assuming colliding beam conditions and propagation of a neutral intermediate vector boson. From this a derivation of the expression for the longitudinal polarization of the final state ..mu../sup -/ is made. The calculation, using relativistic, weak interaction, and field theory, demonstrates the connection between the polarization and the weak force parameters explicity. (JFP)

In current and previous efforts, ECON has provided a preliminary economic assessment of a fusion research program. Part of this effort was the demonstration of a methodology for the estimation of reactor system costs and risk and for the treatment of program alternatives as a series of steps (tests) to buy information, thereby controlling program risk and providing a sound economic rationale for properly constructed research programs. The first phase of work also identified two areas which greatly affect the overall economic evaluation of fusion research and which warranted further study in the second phase. This led to the two tasks of the second phase reported herein: (1) discount rate determination and (2) evaluation of the effect of the expectation of the introduction of fusion power on current fossil fuel prices. In the first task, various conceptual measures of the social rate of discount were reviewed and critiqued. In the second task, a benefit area that had been called out by ECON was further examined. Long-range R and D yields short-term benefits in the form of lower nonrenewable energy resource prices because the R and D provides an expectation of future competition for the remaining reserves at the time of …

A hybrid system consists of two or more energy conversion processes. This study examines the use of three energy conversion machines in hybrid systems: the conventional single-phase turbine, and the two-phase expanders known as the Lysholm engine and the radial outflow reaction turbine. Two hybrid systems are presented. The first is a two-stage, single-flash system with the Lysholm engine as the first stage, and a separator and conventional turbine as the second stage. The second system adds a radial outflow reaction turbine to recover a part of the energy rejected in the second stage. A theoretical specific power of 41.3 kW.s/lb is predicted for the two-stage, single-flash hybrid system. The addition of the radial outflow rotary turbine increases performance to 44.8 kW.s/lb. Both are superior to the double-flash system, with a specific power of 37.8 kW.s/lb. In addition, the hybrid system offers operating flexibility.

The radial-outflow reaction turbine, a pure-reaction turbine designed to improve the conversion efficiency of geothermal energy into electrical power is described. It also has potential as a total-flow turbine for low-temperature water. The principle of incomplete expansion can be used to obtain a reduction in turbine size when the turbine exhausts into a low-pressure condenser. And, by adding this turbine to single- and two-stage flashed-steam systems, the conversion efficiency of systems utilizing low- and high-energy wellhead sources, respectively can be improved. The Appendix outlines the analysis of the radial-outflow reaction turbine and leads to an expression for engine efficiency.

The laboratory cyclone incinerator has been developed to study the effects of burning feed containing radionuclides other than plutonium-238. These isotopes, which will be primarily products of fission, must be efficiently removed from the off-gas if combustible waste containing such species is to be incinerated. Modifications to the original incinerator design were made to increase the efficiency of combustion and particulate removal in the system and to reduce its energy consumption. A drum compactor was purchased, installed, and tested. The test results were as expected; a 55-gal steel drum volume was reduced by 86%. The ash/cement matrix studies were completed. The 65/35 mixture proved to be the best for dry-cure pellets, and the 80/20 mixture produced the best wet-cured pellets. Experimental incinerator ash was successfully sintered; the final carbon content was less than 0.1 wt%.

This report is a supplement to a tabulation of the thermodynamic and phase data for the 100 binary systems of Mo with the elements from H to Lr. The calculations of thermodynamic data and phase equilibria were carried out from 5000/sup 0/K to low temperatures. This report presents the methods of calculation used. The thermodynamics involved is rather straightforward and the reader is referred to any advanced thermodynamic text. The calculations were largely carried out using an HP-65 programmable calculator. In this report, those programs are reformulated for use with the HP-67 calculator; great reduction in the number of programs required to carry out the calculation results.

Progress was made in all three areas this quarter--geochemistry, petrology, and basin analysis. In geochemistry the isotope work is well-established as is elemental analysis. Both are useful in application of data from other sources to the shales sequence, as shown. The V/Ni is proceeding well, and should be complete by July. The phenolic aldehyde work is not yet started because of equipment supply problems. In petrology some important progress was made in internal surface area studies of the shale in the Cumberland Thrust. Thin section petrography of outcrop samples from the Virginia side of the thrust is nearly complete. In basin analysis, the basic stratigraphic work of the project is nearly complete, with perhaps some problems remaining in the lower part of the section. All contractors are encouraged to produce the isopach maps, etc. of each unit as soon as possible. Representatives from Cincinnati have attended several meetings this quarter helping to coordinate these activities. The paleocurrent study of the basin is very nearly complete, needing some final work along the western side.

Sample collection and preparation of the Umtanum Flow basalt for geochemical testing are described. (LK)

Background information relative to wrought tungsten forming was required in support of development studies. Seven principal areas of tungsten metallurgy were of interest: fabrication methods, delamination, recrystallization, heat treatment, fracture characteristics, impurity effects, and surface treatments. Pertinent information in Metal Abstracts from 1967 to mid 1977 was summarized for each area. Only a few papers were reviewed in their entirety; the great majority of information was derived from abstracts of the papers. 61 references.

A thermal analysis of a deep geologic depository for spent nuclear fuel is being conducted. The TRUMP finite difference heat transfer code is used to analyze a 3-dimensional model of the depository. The model uses a unit cell consisting of one spent fuel canister buried in salt beneath a ventilated room in the depository. A base case was studied along with several parametric variations. It is concluded that this method is appropriate for analyzing the thermal response of the system, and that the most important parameter in determining the maximum temperatures is the canister heat generation rate. The effects of room ventilation and different depository media are secondary.

A total ozone retrieval model has been developed to process radiance data gathered by a satellite-mounted multichannel filter radiometer (MFR). Extensive effort went into theoretical radiative transfer modeling, a retrieval scheme was developed, and the technique was applied to the MFR radiance measurements. The high quality of the total ozone retrieval results was determined through comparisons with Dobson measurements. Included in the report are global total ozone maps for 20 days between May 12 and July 5, 1977. A comparison of MFR results for 13 days in June 1977 with Dobson spectrophotometer measurements of ozone for the same period showed good agreement: there was a root-mean-square difference of 6.2% (equivalent to 20.2 m.atm.cm). The estimated global total ozone value for June 1977 (296 m.atm.cm) was in good agreement with satellite backscatter ultraviolet data for June 1970 (304 m.atm.cm) and June 1971 (preliminary data--299 m.atm.cm).

Obtaining diffraction-limited images in the presence of atmospheric turbulence is a topic of current interest. Two types of approaches have evolved: real-time correction and speckle imaging. A speckle imaging reconstruction method was developed by use of an ''optimal'' filtering approach. This method is based on a nonlinear integral equation which is solved by principle value decomposition. The method was implemented on a CDC 7600 for study. The restoration algorithm is discussed and its performance is illustrated. 7 figures.

A two-phase turbine, using a low-quality steam-water mixture as a working fluid, was designed, built, and tested in the laboratory. Two-phase fluids are found naturally in most geothermal fields throughout the world and can also be used in the conversion of waste heat from industrial sources. The thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic properties of such fluid mixtures are reviewed, with specific reference to the selection and design of an appropriate expander. Various types of practically realizable expanders are considered, and the choice of a single-stage, axial-flow, impulse turbine is explained. Also the basic design parameters, including sizing and blade and nozzle geometry, are described.

By combining the electrically-driven, flying-plate, high-explosive initiator with well-known gas-gun technology, a novel method of generating and measuring shock pressures greater than 1 TPa has been developed. Called the electric gun, this system is competitive with laser or nuclear-driven, shock-wave, equation-of-state experiments in the 1 to 5 TPa range. Compared to those other methods, it has the advantage of simplicity, high precision, and low cost. In addition, its small size and low total energy allow it to be easily contained for experiments with toxic materials.