Stored Energy in BNL Reactor Graphite (open access)

Stored Energy in BNL Reactor Graphite

Radiation damage to graphite has several consequences of practical importance. The growth of graphite under radiation (Wigner's disease) in production reactors has always been a serious concern. The thermal conductivity of graphite decreases greatly with time of irradiation and is important in long range studies of reactor temperature problems.
Date: February 25, 1953
Creator: Chernick, J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Neutron Streaming Through Boundaries in a Mock-Up of the SIR Rotating Plug (open access)

Neutron Streaming Through Boundaries in a Mock-Up of the SIR Rotating Plug

This report is a summary of the neutron attenuation data which have been obtained at the Brookhaven shielding facility on a mock-up of the fuel-rod-unloading plug used in the KAPL Reactor. Before this program was initiated, a number of small scale tests had been made in the ORNL lid tank on carbon steel mock-ups of components of the rotating plug. The results of the tests indicated considerable neutron streaming through the vertical steel and air members of the plug. However, the lid tank source strength and dimensions did not permit the tests to be extended to the full plug height. In view of the concern aroused by the ORNL tests and the absence of fundamental information on the transmission of neutrons through steel and the addition height (12') available here resulted in a request for BNL to construct and test a mock-up of a sector of the SIR top plug in accordance with KAPL specifications.
Date: March 25, 1953
Creator: Kouts, Herbert, J. C.; Pratt, William, W.; Schamberger, Robert, D.; Shore, Ferdinand, J.; Sleeper, Harvey, P., Jr. & Susskind, Herbert
System: The UNT Digital Library
Memorandum (open access)

Memorandum

We have recently completed measurement of resonance escape probability in the BNL reactor and in several slightly-enriched uranium light water moderated lattices. In addition, WAPD has made available to us data from other slightly enriched uranium-water lattices, so that about 18 lattices in all have been done.
Date: June 25, 1956
Creator: Sher, R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Low Levels of X-Rays and Irradiation from C14 and H3 on Cell Population Kinetics in the Root Tip of Tradescantia (open access)

Effects of Low Levels of X-Rays and Irradiation from C14 and H3 on Cell Population Kinetics in the Root Tip of Tradescantia

Reciprocal labelling in double-labelling experiments with H3- and C14- thymidine showed that when H3- thymidine (1μc/ml for 0.5 hr) was given first in the labelling sequence followed by a 4 hr interval before the C14- thymidine treatment, that passage of cells into and out of DNA synthesis was normal. When C14 was first in the sequence, the rate at which cells entered DNA synthesis was decreased. This was attributed to a radiation effect produced by the β-rays from the C14. The rate at which cells entered DNA synthesis was studied after 0.1, 1 and 10 rads of x-rays. A dose of 1 and 10 rads decidedly depressed the rate. Treatment of roots with 2, 20, and 200 μc/ml of tritiated water for 0.5 hr showed that the 2 higher concentrations produced an effect similar to the x-rays. This indicated that somewhere between 1 and 8 disintegrations per cell per 0.5 hr will produce a decrease in the rate at which cells enter DNA synthesis. In both the x-ray and H32O experiments the depression of the rate that cells entered DNA synthesis seemed to reach saturation at the higher doses.
Date: March 25, 1963
Creator: Wimber, Donald E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Parameters of the 132 eV Neutron Resonance in Co 59 (open access)

Parameters of the 132 eV Neutron Resonance in Co 59

An accurate determination of the parameters of the resonance excited by the interaction of the 132 eV neutrons with the Co 59 target nucleus has been made, using the fast choppers at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States and Chalk River Laboratory in Canada. Neutron transmission through thick and thin samples resulted in the following parameters: [parameters not transcribed]. In addition, measurements of the resonance capture γ-ray intensity gave the value for the radiation width Γγ= 0.40 ± 0.04 eV, based on the known thermal capture cross section of cobalt of 37.5 barns. The reduced and total resonance capture integrals are calculated from the above parameters to be 50.5 ± 5.5 and 67.0 ± 5.5 barns, respectively. The above results are compared with previously determined resonance parameters and also with direct measurements of the total resonance capture integral.
Date: March 25, 1963
Creator: Jain, A. P.; Chrien, R. E.; Moore, J. A. & Palevsky, H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The History of the Brookhaven Biology Department Mouse Colony No. 1 (Swiss-Bridge-Bagg-O'Grady-Walter Reed Strain) With Endemic Occult Cerebral Encephalitozoönosis and Colony No. 2 (open access)

The History of the Brookhaven Biology Department Mouse Colony No. 1 (Swiss-Bridge-Bagg-O'Grady-Walter Reed Strain) With Endemic Occult Cerebral Encephalitozoönosis and Colony No. 2

Innes, Zemen, Frenkel, Borner and Wright (1962) described an outbreak of encephalitozoönosis of the central nervous system in mice, a summary of which is given below for an understanding of why this appendix may be of interest. When the paper was presented for publication, the editors of the journal decided to omit the history of our mouse colony. In our opinion, to understand (a) how this infection may have arisen and (b) may have spread, and still exist in some colonies, it is of prime importance to know the history of this strain of mice used by us (and others). It also has lessons on the establishment and maintenance of so-called "disease-free" or "specific pathogen-free"* colonies of laboratory animals in general. Information on the history of the mice has been culled from Col. H. Yager, VC, Director of the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Medical Research, Washington, D. C., and from Drs, Clara Lynch and John B. Nelson, Rockefeller Institute, New York.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Innes, J. R. M. & Borner, G
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wave Functions for Quadrupole Antishielding Factors (open access)

Wave Functions for Quadrupole Antishielding Factors

The purpose of this paper is to present tables of the perturbed wave functions which have been recently obtained in a calculation of the quadruple antishielding factors γ∞ for the Mn+2, Fe+3, Ga+3, and Ag+ ions. The wave functions v'1(nℓ-ℓ) which are tabulated represent the effect of the perturbation due to a nuclear quadruple moment Q on the wave functions of the outermost electrons of the ion core.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Sternheimer, R. M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fluorimetric Assay of α-Chymotrypsin (open access)

Fluorimetric Assay of α-Chymotrypsin

The enzymolysis by α-chymotrypsin of the substrates, N-acetyl-L-tryptophane ethyl ester and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester, was followed by means of fluorescence whose intensity increased fourfold and threefold per mole respectively as substrate was transformed into amino acid. The assay by fluorescence was several orders of magnitude more sensitive than the assay by differential absorption spectra of these substances and was in agreement with it in those concentration regions where both methods overlap. To maintain linearity between concentration and fluorescence intensity, the concentration of substrate should be no greater than 10-4 M/1. In such solutions the rate of esterolysis could be followed with the enzyme at 10-11 M/1.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Bielski, Benon H. J. & Freed, Simon
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Isochronal Differential Microcalorimeter (open access)

An Isochronal Differential Microcalorimeter

An isochronal differential-type microcalorimeter has been designed and constructed. As a result of its simple design it is very easy to handle the samples and assemble the calorimeter. Important to the operation of the calorimeter is a program, also working on the differential principle, that provides linear temperature rise of the samples. This calorimeter is used to measure very small energy releases such as those found in precipitation, stored energy, etc. It is demonstrated that the calorimeter is easily capable of measuring 0.0005 cal with a probable error of the order of 1% to 2%.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Arndt, R. A. & Fujita, F. E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Re-Analysis of Short-Range Order in Cu3Au (open access)

A Re-Analysis of Short-Range Order in Cu3Au

Cowley's measurements of the short-range order parameters, αi, in Cu3Au at T=405°C have been re-evaluated taking into account the effects of thermal vibrations and static displacements due to differing atomic sizes. The separate corrections for the thermal vibrations and the first-neighbor atomic size factor are found to be quite large, demonstrating their importance in the usual experiments. When combined, the corrections in this case largely cancel, and only the values of α1 and α3 are appreciably changed. The corrected values are: α1= -.113, α2= +.185, α3= -.009, α4= +.082, α5= -.058.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Walker, C. B. & Keating, D. T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Deflecting Mode in the Circular Iris-Loaded Waveguide of a RF Particle Separator (open access)

The Deflecting Mode in the Circular Iris-Loaded Waveguide of a RF Particle Separator

The rf particle separator, proposed in 1959 by W.K.H. Panofsky and now in preparation for the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, required a rf structure which gives a transverse impulse to a passing relativistic particle. In order to produce an accumulative transverse deflection of a traveling charged particle with an electromagnetic field, it is necessary that the field contains a synchronous component and in principle, waveguides and cavities are equivalent with respect to the particle dynamics. It was pointed out by H.G. Hereward, that the electric and magnetic deflection of a transverse electric mode (i.e., with no electric field component parallel to the direction of the particle velocity) cancel exactly at all particle velocities. The deflecting force of a transverse magnetic mode on a synchronous particle with the velocity v is proportional to the factor 1-(v/c)2 and vanishes therefore in the case of relativistic particles.
Date: October 25, 1962
Creator: Hahn, H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Antibody Formation by Transplanted Bone Marrow, Spleen, Lymph Node and Thymus Cells in Irradiated Recipients (open access)

Antibody Formation by Transplanted Bone Marrow, Spleen, Lymph Node and Thymus Cells in Irradiated Recipients

The role of the marrow as a site for antibody formation has been considered for many years. In 1912 Ludke reported the appearance of antibody in cultures of marrow cells obtained from previously immunized rabbits. Specific agglutinins for killed typhoid bacilli and lysins for ox red cells and sheep red cells were detected in the culture media 2 to 5 days later. However, the cultured cells failed to produce antibody when these antigens were added to the media. Similar findings by Reiter, Przygode, and Schilf appeared in the early literature with regard to the appearance of antibodies to various antigens in tissue cultures of bone marrow from immunized animals, along with failure to elicit antibody formation by addition of antigen to the culture resulted from the addition of excess amounts of antigen, so that if antibody synthesis occurred, the excess antigen combined with antibody and significant amounts of free antibody could not be detected in the culture media. Thorbecke and Keuning observed an increase in antibody in culture fluids when bone marrow fragments from rabbits immunized to paratyphoid B vaccine were cultured in roller tubes.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Stoner, Richard D. & Bond, Victor P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bromine Exchange in Graphite-Bromine Lamellar Compounds (open access)

Bromine Exchange in Graphite-Bromine Lamellar Compounds

A kinetic study of the exchange of normal and radioactive bromine in graphite-bromine lamellar compounds has been made at temperatures of 30° to 50°C. Natural and synthetic graphite powders were investigated. Two alternative mechanisms for the exchange, volume diffusion and surface exchange, were considered. The data were in better agreement with the diffusion mechanism. Diffusion coefficients of 10 -9 to 10 -8 cm2/sec and an activation energy of 11 to 14 kcal/mole were calculated for the natural graphite powders. The diffusion coefficients increased with increasing bromine content. Reversibly absorbed bromine exchanged more rapidly than irreversibly absorbed bromine.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Aronson, Seymour
System: The UNT Digital Library
Crystal Structure of a Sodium Cobalt Molybdate (open access)

Crystal Structure of a Sodium Cobalt Molybdate

The cobalt and molybdenum positions had been derived from a three-dimensional Patterson function based on complete data out to λ-1 sin θMo≈ 1. From the separation of the separation of the Mo atoms it was thought that the structure contained free, unlinked MoO4 -2 ions, and this, together with the observed density and analyses for Co and Mo, suggested that the composition was probably Co2(MoO4)3. The paucity of structural information on complex oxide systems and the interesting properties, both structural and physical, of such systems prompted the present, detailed refinement of the structure. The result is more complicated and more interesting than had been anticipated: from the analysis of the X-ray data the compound is found to be NaCo2.31(MoO4)3, and this composition is consistent with chemical analyses. The structure shows several interesting features, including the partial occupancy of cobalt atoms in two independent CoO6 octahedral sites. In one arrangement of CoO6 octahedra there is the not too common face sharing to form infinite columns; in the other arrangement a zig-zag sheet, as far as we know differing from anything thus far reported, is formed by the sharing of edges and corners.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Ibers, James A. & Smith, G. W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electric Currents, Membranes, and Biological Sources of Electromotive Force (open access)

Electric Currents, Membranes, and Biological Sources of Electromotive Force

The analysis of closed circuit systems in which spontaneous steady-state electric currents appear can be carried out with the use of the function [function not transcribed]. The analysis indicates that any open circuit system of the form. Phase 1, barrier 1, phase 2, ......, phase b, barrier b, phase 1' is a chemical source of electromotive force when the phase 1 and 1' are identical, when the system contains two or more barriers whose sets of ionic transport members are different, and when the system is composed of two or more phases whose chemical properties are different. A general expression for the electromotive force of model systems composed of homogeneous phases and biological membranes in linear array can be written as [expression not transcribed] in which the indicated summations are to be performed for all barriers and for all ions to which each barrier is permeable.
Date: February 25, 1963
Creator: Nims, Leslie F.
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Needle in a Haystack (open access)

A Needle in a Haystack

Abstract: "Production of [rho]'s and [omega]'s in [pi]- + p and p + [letter p with a bar over it] interactions is discussed. The [rho] is presumably a J = 1-, 1 = 1 state and thus can decay into 2[pi]'s via a strong coupling. The [omega] is probably J = 1-, 1 = 0 which can also decay into 2[pi]'s via electromagnetic coupling. A theoretical description of this situation is presented in terms of coupled time-dependent Schroedinger equations which mix [rho] and [omega] states that are assumed to be isotopically pure at the time of production. The interference between the two resonances was found to have the effect of extending the 2[pi] spectrum toward the [omega] mass."
Date: May 25, 1962
Creator: Bernstein, J. & Feinberg, Gerald, 1933-1992
System: The UNT Digital Library