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Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports
397
Congressional Research Service Reports
113
Government Accountability Office Reports
57
Technical Report Archive and Image Library
47
Texas Patents
45
Texas Attorney General Opinions
35
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Collection
26
TRAIL Microcard Collection
17
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Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission
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Global Climate Change: Market-Based Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
This report discusses global climate change and the market-based strategies to reduce greenhouse gases.
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Parker, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Endangered Species: Difficult Choices
This report discusses issues debated in the 108th Congress while is considering various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). Major issues in recent years have included changing the role of science in decision-making, changing the role of critical habitat, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated including significant changes to ESA regulations made during the Clinton Administration in the law itself.
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.; Corn, M. Lynne & Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Child Pornography: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes
The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996, P.L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009- 26, added a definition of “child pornography” that include visual depictions of what appears to be a minor engaging in explicit sexual conduct, even if no actual minor was used in producing the depiction. On April 16, 2002, in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, the Supreme Court held this provision unconstitutional to the extent that it prohibited pictures that were not produced with actual minors. (This case is discussed under “Section 2256,” below.) In response to Ashcroft, bills were introduced in the House and Senate that would continue to ban some child pornography that was produced without an actual minor; on June 25, 2002, the House passed one such bill: H.R. 4623, 107th Congress.
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Head Start Issues in the 108th Congress
This report examines various legislative issues regarding Head Start, which is a federal program that has provided comprehensive early childhood development services to low income children since 1965. The program is administered by the Administration for Children and Families of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Gish, Melinda & Butler, Alice
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Missing and Exploited Children: Overview and Policy Concerns
This report presents an overview of two national incidence studies prepared by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to determine annually the number of reported missing and recovered children in the nation. It also discusses the AMBER Alert System created to help recover reported missing children, legislation introduced in the 108th Congresses to address the missing children issue, and questions that remain regarding concerns about missing children.
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Cooper, Edith Fairman
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Religious Freedom Restoration Act: Its Rise, Fall, and Current Status
This report briefly summarizes Employment Division, Oregon Department of Human Resources v. Smith, the legislative history of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), the Supreme Court's decision in City of Boerne, Texas v. Flores, and RFRA's current legal status, and notes the introduction of the Religious Liberty Protection Act (RLPA).
Date:
June 25, 1998
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Religious Persecution Abroad: Congressional Concerns and Actions
The 105 Congress has sought to raise the priority of combating religious persecution worldwide among U.S. foreign policy objectives. The difficulty has been in agreeing on legislation that would effectively deal with religious persecution without adversely affecting other important U.S. interests. On May 14, 1998, the House passed H.R. 2431 (the Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1998) establishing in the State Department a Director of the Office of Religious Persecution Monitoring who is to issue an annual report assessing religious persecution abroad. The legislation places sanctions on countries and groups that carry out or permit such activities. The Senate may soon consider S. 1868 establishing an office in the Department of State to monitor religious persecution headed by an Ambassador at Large and requiring the President to take some action from a broad list of options against countries found engaging in or tolerating religious persecution.
Date:
June 25, 1998
Creator:
Bite, Vita
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
H.Res. 450, Rule for Getting the Trade Bill to Conference
None
Date:
June 25, 2002
Creator:
Rundquist, Paul S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Obscenity and Indecency: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes
None
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kosovo and Macedonia: U.S. and Allied Military Operations
None
Date:
June 25, 2002
Creator:
Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bosnia: U.S. Military Operations
This report outlines U.S. military operations in Bosnia and discusses issues such as U.S. and Allied Participation in Bosnia Peacekeeping (IFOR/SFOR), duration, cost, arms control and military assistance. This report also includes most recent development, background analysis, and legislation.
Date:
June 25, 2002
Creator:
Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Economic Development Administration: Overview and Issues
The Economic Development Administration (EDA), targeted for elimination or major “reinvention” early in the 104th Congress, gained a new lease on life in the waning days of the 105th. Having been kept alive via appropriations bills since its last authorizing legislation expired in 1982, P.L. 105-393 reauthorized the EDA and its programs for 5 years. On October 27, Congress approved a conference agreement recommending $286.7 million for EDAP and $28 million for S&E, for a totalFY2001 appropriation of$411.9 million for EDA. It became part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 4942, P.L. 106-553) signed into law on December 21, 2000.
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Mulock, Bruce K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arts and Humanities: Funding and Reauthorization in the 105th Congress
One of the primary vehicles for federal support of the arts and humanities is the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities, composed of the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Institute of Museum and Library Services. This report describes the issues and options raised in the 105th Congress with regard to both authorization and appropriations for support of the arts and humanities.
Date:
June 25, 1998
Creator:
Boren, Susan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Salaries of Federal Officials: A Fact Sheet
None
Date:
June 25, 2004
Creator:
Gressle, Sharon S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Protecting Natural Resources and Managing Growth: Issues in the 107th Congress
None
Date:
June 25, 2002
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
"Junk E-mail": An Overview of Issues and Legislation Concerning Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail ("Spam")
Unsolicited commercial e-mail (UCE), also called “spam” or “junk e-mail,” aggravates many computer users. Not only can spam be a nuisance, but its cost may be passed on to consumers through higher charges from Internet service providers who must upgrade their systems to handle the traffic. Also, some spam involves fraud, or includes adult-oriented material that offends recipients or that parents want to protect their children from seeing. Proponents of UCE insist it is a legitimate marketing technique that is protected by the First Amendment. While 34 states have anti-spam laws, there is no federal law specifically concerning spam. Nine “antispam” bills are pending in the 108th Congress: H.R. 1933 (Lofgren), H.R. 2214 (Burr-Tauzin-Sensenbrenner), H.R. 2515 (Wilson), S. 563 (Dayton), S. 877 (Burns-Wyden), S. 1052 (Nelson-FL), S. 1231 (Schumer), S. 1293 (Hatch), and S. 1327 (Corzine). Tables providing brief “side-by-side” comparisons of the bills are included in this report.
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Export Tax Benefits and the WTO: Foreign Sales Corporations and the Extraterritorial Replacement Provisions
The U.S. tax code’s Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) provisions provided a tax benefit for U.S. exporters. However, the European Union (EU) in 1997 charged that the provision was an export subsidy and thus contravened the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. A WTO ruling upheld the EU complaint, and to avoid WTO sanctioned retaliatory tariffs, U.S. legislation in November 2000 replaced FSC with the “extraterritorial income” (ETI) provisions, consisting of a redesigned export tax benefit of the same magnitude as FSC. The EU maintained that the new provisions are also not WTO-compliant and asked the WTO to rule on the matter.
Date:
June 25, 2002
Creator:
Brumbaugh, David L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Free Trade Area of the Americas: Status of Negotiations and Major Policy Issues
At the second Summit of the Americas in Santiago, Chile (April 1998), 34 Western Hemisphere nations agreed to initiate formal negotiations to create a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) by 2005. The process so far has led to two draft texts, with a third draft expected to be completed for the eighth trade ministerial scheduled for November 17-21, 2003 in Miami. Currently there are serious differences between Brazil and the United States, the co-chairs of the trade negotiating committee, which will need to be resolved by then. Although implementing legislation is not anticipated until the next Congress, for an FTAA to be signed in January 2005, the 108th Congress will play a crucial role during this last phase of the negotiations given its expanded consultative and oversight authority as defined in the Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) provisions of the Trade Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-210). This report will be updated periodically.
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Hornbeck, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wetland Issues
Instead of a single comprehensive federal wetland protection law, multiple laws provide varying levels of protection in different forms: the permit program authorized in §404 in the Clean Water Act; programs for agricultural wetlands; laws that protect specific sites; and laws that protect wetlands which perform certain functions. Many protection advocates view these laws and their implementation as inadequate or uncoordinated. Others, who advocate the rights of property owners and development interests, by contrast, characterize these efforts, especially the §404 permit program, as too intrusive. Numerous state and local wetland programs add to the complexity of the protection effort.
Date:
June 25, 2002
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A. & Copeland, Claudia
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
None
Date:
June 25, 2003
Creator:
Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Crusader XM2001 Self-Propelled Howitzer: Background and Issues for Congress
The Army has been seeking to enhance its self-propelled 155mm artillery capabilities since the late 1970's. Among other tasks, artillery systems provide direct-fire maneuver forces, such as tanks and infantry, with immediate, heavy, indirect fires from a distance. Congress has become actively involved in deciding the fate of the Crusader, whether that be to endorse the DOD cancellation decision, continue the current development schedule, or to choose another option.
Date:
June 25, 2002
Creator:
Bruner, Edward F. & Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement
None
Date:
June 25, 2005
Creator:
Serafino, Nina M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Resource Conservation Title of the 2002 Farm Bill: A Comparison of New Law with Bills Passed by the House and Senate, and Prior Law
None
Date:
June 25, 2002
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agent Orange: Veterans' Complaints Concerning Exposure to Herbicides in South Vietnam
From 1962 to 1971, the United States Air Force (USAF) sprayed various herbicide mixtures (chemicals that kill plants) in South Vietnam. The purpose of the spraying was to defoliate jungle growth to deprive the Communist forces of ground cover, and to destroy enemy crops to restrict food supplies. The most extensively used of these herbicide mixtures was known as Agent Orange, a 50:50 mix of two common herbicides called 1,4,5-T and 2,4-D (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The third chemical present in the mixture in small amounts was TCDD, an inevitable by-product of the manufacture of 2,4,5-T. This chemical, called tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin or simply "dioxin," is highly toxic to laboratory animals when administered in its pure form. CRS has been unable to locate any report of a human death from exposure to pure TCDD. This report discusses the human health effects that have occurred from exposure to TCDD, as well as related Congressional concerns.
Date:
June 25, 1982
Creator:
Smith, Pamela W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library