The power and estimated reprocessing load are tabulated for existing and proposed United States and United States-built reactors of 10 Kw or greater thermal power.

The new and as yet unsolved problems introduced by the production of large quantities of fission products and radioactive isotopes from fission or neutron capture present mankind a most complex technical, economic, and political problem. On one hand, the possibility of using the fission process to produce energy from an unexploited and abundant natural source is emerging from large programs of research and development. We are also beginning to see the promise of use of particulate and electromagnetic radiation for the good of man. On the other hand, we are presented with the problem of controlling the dangerous products of fission for periods of time measured in terms of many hundreds of years, periods longer than the effective tenure of any political state in history. We must not only devise ways of protecting ourselves in the present and for our lifetime but, in addition, we must establish the basic technical, social, and administrative control of vast quantities of artificial radioactivity that must remain effective for at least ten to twenty lifetimes.

The non-project literature concerning the chemistry of vanadium has been summarized through November, 1952. The report is presented in terms of izo- and heteropoly vanadates and cationic forms of pentavalent vanadium, complexes of di-, tri-, and pentavalent vanadium, and oxidation potentials of various vanadium systems. A bibliography of 93 references is included.

This is a report of what may be an invention in the preparation of uranium dioxide of a quality particularly useful for the fabrications of fuel elements for nutronic reactors.

We have recently completed measurement of resonance escape probability in the BNL reactor and in several slightly-enriched uranium light water moderated lattices. In addition, WAPD has made available to us data from other slightly enriched uranium-water lattices, so that about 18 lattices in all have been done.

It has been observed that energetic gaseous ions mark their region of impingement on certain metals in color. Under identical conditions of bombardment, multicharged ions of the same gas mark their impact areas with different colors. The colors are sensitive to the type and energy of the ion as well as to the metal bombarded. These colors may result from reflections from thin films formed by reactions at the target. Because the colors indicate that thicker films are produced with increased ion energy, ion penetration depth as predicted by theory is compared with the depth indicated by the colors observed.

It has been suggested by many workers in the power reactor field that a more efficient utilization of natural uranium may be obtained in thermal reactors if the Pu produced in a fuel cycle were used to enrich a subsequent cycle in which the irradiation-depleted-uranium would be reirradiated. The work described here was done for the purpose of evaluating the reactivity value of the Pu enrichment under the assumption that all plutonium produced is, after chemical separation, fabricated into separate fuel elements and not alloyed with recycled uranium. It has been suggested that the reactivity value of the Pu decreases with exposure to such an extent that highly burned plutonium should be discarded. We, therefore, wish to look at two of the variables affecting the limiting exposure: the reactivity value of the fuel as a function of exposure and temperature and the fraction of potential fissions which would be discarded as a function of exposure. Though the residence time of the Pu fuel before reprocessing, refabrication, and recycling depends upon the relative decrease in specific power, decrease in reactivity due to fission product build-up, the lifetime of the fuel elements before failure, and the cost of reprocessing, only the first …

The TTP 2050 describes future planning and programming trends and issues, evaluates long-term investment priorities, identifies planned rural investments, presents implementation strategies, and consider s the performance implications of different investment strategies under potential future scenarios.

This report is a record of experimentation conducted intermittently over a period of two years and directed toward preventing deposition of transport corrosion products on fuel elements and other critical components in high-temperature, circulating water nuclear reactor. It includes the postulated mechanism for deposition, a description of experimental equipment, experimental data, results obtained from the experiments, and recommendations for future study.

A buncher and pre-accelerator for A-12 is described that has 360 degree acceptance and could handle a current of one ampere from a low voltage source.

Technical report. From Introduction : "The nuclear volume dependent isotope shift of optical spectral lines has long been a very useful means for studying the changes in the nuclear size or shape for different isotopes of heavy elements."

Three types of stainless steel (309 SCB, Carpenter 20, 304-L) were exposed to both the liquid and vapor phase of each of three types of solutions. The time of exposure totaled ten days during which the specimens were cleaned and weighed periodically. The three synthetic D-12 waste solutions contained respectively chrome-high chloride, chrome-low chloride and high chloride sans chromium. The solutions were renewed at each weighing.

An improved method for the determination of boron in plutonium is reported. Precipitation of plutonium (III) acid oxalate prior to color development with curcumin results in increased precision, greater speed, and lower costs. Results are presented of a statistical study involving all variables.

Technical report covering the work done to explore heat transfer analytically and experimentally in liquid metals in turbulent flow within the thermal entrance region of circular tubes having uniform well temperature. Includes implications of this research. [From Summary]

Slicing tests of silicon to show the dependence of cutting rate on operating conditions are complete. Cutting rate is linear with cutting force per blade and bladehead speed, and inversely proportional to kerf width (loss) and kerf length. The dimensionless parameter of cutting efficiency is a good measure of the performance of a multiblade slicing system. Low contact pressure between the blades and the silicon workpiece result in increased wafer accuracy and cutting efficiency. Blade wear seems to be stable for all slicing tests, and is slightly lower with low cutting pressure. (WDM)

Electron microscope images obtained at about 3A resolution for Pr/sub 7/O/sub 12/ (and isomorphous Zr/sub 3/Sc/sub 4/O/sub 12/) are in excellent agreement with calculated images based upon the structure determined separately by total profile neutron powder diffraction analysis. The image calculation programs establish the efficacy of lattice image interpretation in structural terms for these types of related phases whose structures are as yet beyond conventional means to determine. Such images for several other intermediate phases are interpreted and structures proposed. Finally, images of crystals which can be made to undergo reaction within the microscope are interpreted according to the structures involved. These studies reveal the role of intergrowth and topotaxy in these systems. (auth)

This research program began January 6, 1976. Its objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of the floating substrate sheet growth process for the growth of silicon sheet. This process is an approach to the formation of single-crystal silicon by direct epitaxial conversion from a gaseous silane. Incoming feedstock gas impinges upon a silicon substrate which is floating upon a thin pool of liquid tin. Single-crystal silicon grows to the desired thickness by means of vapor phase epitaxy. Nucleation of fresh substrate silicon takes place by rapid growth from the edge of the growing sheet into a region at the surface of the liquid tin which is supersaturated in the silicon. The process lends itself to continuous operation with the growing sheet being continuously withdrawn from the growth zone. (WDM)

From data generated in the laboratory and pilot plant studies a quality rerefined oil can be produced via BERC/ERDA solvent extraction and clay treatment. Some of the important processing variables that determine the quality of the finished product are temperature of solvent extraction, type of clay used, temperature and time of clay treatment, and the atmosphere under which the oil is treated with clay. Yields of 75 percent based on water-distillate-free oil can be expected at the conditions used in pilot plant operations. The oils obtained could be compounded to produce a large number of high quality lubricating products. Unlike an acid-clay process where the acid sludges pose an environmental problem, the BERC/ERDA system produces a marketable sludge.

Weekly report of the Texas Crop and Livestock Reporting Service on turkey poult numbers in Texas and compared with other states. It includes compiled statistics across six consecutive weeks during two years for turkey eggs set and poults hatched.

CH2MHill Hanford Group, Inc. (CHG) is designing and assessing the performance of an Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) to receive immobilized low-activity waste (ILAW), Low-Level and Mixed Low-Level Wastes (LLW/MLLW), and the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) melters used to vitrify the ILAW. The IDF Performance Assessment (PA) assesses the performance of the disposal facility to provide a reasonable expectation that the disposal of the waste is protective of the general public, groundwater resources, air resources, surface water resources, and inadvertent intruders. The PA requires prediction of contaminant migration from the facilities, which is expected to occur primarily via the movement of water through the facilities and the consequent transport of dissolved contaminants in the pore water of the vadose zone. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) assists CHG in its performance assessment activities. One of PNNL’s tasks is to provide estimates of the physical, hydraulic, and transport properties of the materials comprising the disposal facilities and the disturbed region around them. These materials are referred to as the near-field materials. Their properties are expressed as parameters of constitutive models used in simulations of subsurface flow and transport. In addition to the best-estimate parameter values, information on uncertainty in the parameter values and …

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The efficient representation of volumetric meshes is a central problem in scientific visualization. The difference in performance between most visualization algorithm for rectilinear grids and for unstructured mesh is mostly due to fundamental difference in efficiency of their representations. In Computer Graphics the gap in performance between 2D rectilinear grids and unstructured mesh has been overcome with the development of representation schemes based on the concept of subdivision surfaces. This gap has not been bridged in the volumetric cases which is fundamental interest for Scientific Visualization. In this paper we introduce a slow-growing volumetric subdivision scheme for meshes of any topology, any intrinsic dimension d and composed of a general type of polyhedral cells (topological balls). The main feature of this approach is the ability to split in different stages cells of different dimensions. This allows to increase the resolution of the mesh slowly using small stencils for the smoothing rules. ''Sharp features'' of dimension lower than d are embedded naturally in the subdivision procedure. Automatic adaptation is provided for variable resolution. In the uniform case the slow subdivision doubles the number of vertices in the mesh at each refinement independent of its dimension d. The bisection of all the …

This report describes a signal processing algorithm and MATLAB software for improving spatial resolution in ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) imaging of materials. Given a measured reflection signal and an associated reference signal, the algorithm produces an optimal least-squares estimate of the impulse response of the material under test. This estimated impulse response, when used in place of the raw reflection signal, enhances the spatial resolution of the ultrasonic measurements by removing distortion caused by the limited-bandwidth transducers and the materials under test. The theory behind the processing algorithms is briefly presented, while the reader is referred to the bibliography for details. The main focus of the report is to describe how to use the MATLAB software. Two processing examples using actual ultrasonic measurements are provided for tutorial purposes.

A solid-state laser system, used as a directed energy defensive weapon, possesses many compelling logistical advantages over high-average-power chemical laser systems. As an electrically-powered laser, it uses no chemicals, generates no effluents, and requires no specialized logistics support--the laser is recharged by running the vehicle engine. It provides stealth, having low signature operation without the generation of temperature, smoke, or visible light. It is silent in operation, limited only by the onboard vehicle electrical charging and propulsion system. Using the heat-capacity mode of operation, scaling of average power from a solid-state laser has been demonstrated beyond 10kW and work in progress will result in the demonstration of a 100 kW solid-state heat-capacity laser (SSHCL). The heat-capacity approach provides unprecedented power-to-weight ratios in a compact platform that is readily adapted to mobile operation. A conceptual engineering and packaging study has resulted in a 100kW SSHCL design that we believe can be integrated onto a hybrid-electric HMMWV or onto new vehicle designs emerging from the future combat system (FCS) development. 100 kW has been proposed as a power level that demonstrates a significant scaling beyond what has been demonstrated for a solid-state laser system and which could have a significant lethality against …