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Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports
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53
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47
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The Environmental Protection Agency's FY2003 Budget
On April 9, 2001, the President requested $7.3 billion in discretionary budget authority for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for FY2002, $512.0 million (or 7%) less than the FY2001 funding level of $7.8 billion. The request would not have continued funding of about $500 million for activities earmarked for FY2001, and contained provisions shifting more enforcement responsibilities to the states. Popular wastewater infrastructure funding, state roles, and the future of Superfund were some of the predominant topics. On July 17, the House Appropriations Committee recommended $7.545 billion,$229 million more than requested (H.R. 2620, H. Rept. 107-159).
Date:
April 25, 2002
Creator:
Lee, Martin R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Budget for Fiscal Year 2004
In March, CBO released its report analyzing the President’s policies. CBO’s estimates of the President’s budget, a recasting of the policies using CBO assumptions and budget estimating methods, raise the expected deficit for FY2004 to $338 billion from the OMB estimated $307 billion. The report also included an update to CBO’s January baseline that pushed the deficit for FY2004 to $200 billion from $145 billion. The revisions delay the return-to-a-surplus from FY2007 to FY2008 and reduce the cumulative FY2004-FY2013 surplus from $1,336 billion (January) to $891 billion (March).
Date:
April 25, 2003
Creator:
Winters, Philip D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
European Security: The Debate in NATO and the European Union
This report reviews progress within NATO to develop a European Security and Defense Identity (ESDI), and the initiative within the European Union to create a common European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). The report considers both European and U.S. perspectives on these developments. It will be updated as events warrant.
Date:
April 25, 2000
Creator:
Donfried, Karen & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NATO Applicant States: A Status Report
None
Date:
April 25, 2003
Creator:
Woehrel, Steven; Kim, Julie & Ek, Carl
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China's Economic Conditions
China’s economy continues to be a concern to U.S. policymakers. On the one hand, China’s economic growth presents huge opportunities for U.S. exporters. On the other hand, the surge in Chinese exports to the United States has put competitive pressures on many U.S. industries. Many U.S. policymakers have argued that greater efforts should be made to pressure China to fully implement its WTO commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency peg and its use of subsidies to support its SOEs. In addition, recent bids by Chinese state-owned firms to purchase various U.S. firms have raised concerns among Members over the impact such acquisitions could have on U.S. national and economic security.
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
World Bank Lending to China
Lending to China from the multilateral development banks (MDBs) increased four-fold between 1985 and 1994, from $1.1 billion to $4.3 billion. China is now the MDBs' largest single borrower country. There is considerable debate today, however, whether the MDBs should continue lending to China. In particular, there is sharp debate whether the World Bank should continue making concessional loans to China.
Date:
April 25, 1996
Creator:
Sanford, Jonathan E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran: Current Developments and U.S. Policy
This report discusses the developments in Iranian foreign policy, including their assistance the U.S. in ousting Saddam Hussein, their involvement with terrorist organizations, the developments made with respect to weapons of mass destruction, and human rights concerns. It also details the Bush Administration's efforts to maintain the sanctions put in place by the Clinton Administration.
Date:
April 25, 2003
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
None
Date:
April 25, 2003
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Peru: Recovery from Crisis
None
Date:
April 25, 2002
Creator:
Taft-Morales, Maureen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Space Launch Vehicles: Government Activities, Commercial Competition, and Satellite Exports
None
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector
Damage to or destruction of the nation’s water supply and water quality infrastructure by a terrorist attack could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased greatly since September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York City and at the Pentagon.
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia & Cody, Betsy A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Background and Issues for Congress
None
Date:
April 25, 2003
Creator:
Bone, Elizabeth & Bolkcom, Christopher
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA): Challenges for Sub-Regional Integration
None
Date:
April 25, 2003
Creator:
Hornbeck, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan: Chronology of Recent Events
None
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
House Select Committee on Intelligence: Leadership and Assignment Limitations
None
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Schneider, Judy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 109th Congress
This report discusses the ongoing debate about whether or not to approve energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Current law forbids energy leasing in the Refuge. This report addresses several legislative options on the issue, as well as policymakers' arguments for and against development, especially in the wake of increasing terrorism since 2000-2001.
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Corn, M. Lynne; Gelb, Bernard A. & Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center: Issues for Congress
The construction of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), with an estimated construction cost of $128 million, will be the The first Department of Homeland Security laboratory specifically focused on biodefense. Its programmatic contents and component organization are unclear, as conflicting the information has been provided during each of the past three budget cycles. Congressional oversight of programs, especially those performed in federal facilities for homeland security purposes, is considered key to maintaining transparency in biodefense. Policy issues that may interest Congress include funding for the construction of the NBACC facility, transparency of research activities performed through the center, and the potential for duplication of effort between the Department of Homeland Security and other federal agencies. This report will be updated as circumstances warrant.
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Shea, Dana A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Social Security Reform: President Bush's Individual Account Proposal
The Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program, commonly referred to as Social Security, is facing a long-term fiscal deficit. In response to this challenge, President Bush has made Social Security reform the key focus of his domestic social policy agenda during his second term. On February 2, the President issued a document, “Strengthening Social Security for the 21st Century,” which lays out the specifications for a system of voluntary individual accounts to be phased-in as part of a reformed Social Security system. Administration officials concede that the individual accounts themselves do not alleviate the solvency problem. The individual account proposal would likely make the solvency problem worse over the next 75 years. The President has not yet specified how the additional shortfall due to the individual accounts will be financed. The President has stated that these accounts are just one piece of a comprehensive Social Security reform package and that additional measures will be needed to achieve long-term solvency. At the time of this report’s publication, the President has not specified what these additional measures might be.
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Haltzel, Laura
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lebanon
This report provides background information and analysis on Lebanon. It discusses the political situation and its relation with U.S.
Date:
April 25, 2006
Creator:
Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China's Currency Peg: A Summary of the Economic Issues
This report evaluates that assertion, and considers other effects China’s peg has on the U.S. economy. These include the beneficial effects on consumption, interest rates, and investment spending. Nationwide, these effects should offset job loss in the trade sector, at least in the medium term. Several bills have been introduced in the 109th Congress to address China’s currency policy, including H.R. 1216, H.R. 1498, H.R. 1575, S. 14, S. 295, S. 377, and S. 593; some would impose trade sanctions against China unless it accepted a market-based system of currency valuation.
Date:
April 25, 2005
Creator:
Morrison, Wayne M. & Labonte, Marc
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Peru: 2006 Elections and Issues for Congress
Peru held the first round of national presidential and parliamentary elections on April 9, 2006. No presidential candidate won over 50%, so a run-off election is necessary. The results among the top three candidates were so close, however, that election officials may not know until the end of April which two candidates will be in the run-off in late May or early June. It appears that populist Ollanta Humala will be one of the two candidates. The other will be either Lourdes Flores Nano, a conservative, or left-of-center former president Alan Garcia. Congressional concern regarding the elections will likely focus on the impact the winning candidate would have on the U.S. relations with Peru
Date:
April 25, 2006
Creator:
Taft-Morales, Maureen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nutrition Labeling: Fresh Meats
This report provides background information and a brief history of nutrition labeling information on the labeling issue of fresh meats proposed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture on January 18, 2001.
Date:
April 25, 2001
Creator:
Porter, Donna V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Navy DDG-51 Destroyer Procurement Rate: Issues and Options for Congress
None
Date:
April 25, 1994
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: Progress Report and Issues for Congress
The report discusses the progress and issues regarding the global fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.
Date:
April 25, 2006
Creator:
Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library