The following topics are discussed: route of administration; carrier effects and complexed or ionic tracers; membrane permeability, extracellular and intracellular concentrations; enzyme and hormonal stimulation or depression and the metabolic state; neoplasia and transport; and carrier for radiopharmaceutical binding to membrane or protein sites. Some radioisotopes considered are /sup 99m/Tc, /sup 65/Zn, /sup 62/Zn, /sup 14/C and /sup 111/In. (HLW)

A loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a boiling-water-reactor (BWR) power plant has never occurred. However, because this type of accident could be particularly severe, it is used as a principal theoretical basis for design. A series of consistent, versatile, and accurate air-water tests that simulate LOCA conditions has been completed on a /sup 1///sub 5/-scale Mark I BWR pressure-suppression system. Results from these tests are used to quantify the vertical-loading function and to study the associated fluid dynamics phenomena. Detailed histories of vertical loads on the wetwell are shown. In particular, variation of hydrodynamic-generated vertical loads with changes in drywell-pressurization rate, downcomer submergence, and the vent-line loss coefficient are established. Initial drywell overpressure, which partially preclears the downcomers of water, substantially reduces the peak vertical loads. Scaling relationships, developed from dimensional analysis and verified by bench-top experiments, allow the /sup 1///sub 5/-scale results to be applied to a full-scale BWR power plant. This analysis leads to dimensionless groupings that are invariant. These groupings show that, if water is used as the working fluid, the magnitude of the forces in a scaled facility is reduced by the cube of the scale factor and occurs in a time reduced by the square root …

Permeabilities of 10.2 cm in length, 2.5 cm in diameter Kayenta (porosity, 20.7, +- 1.66%) and St. Peter (porosity, 13.6, +- 0.13%) sandstones to Magmamax No. 1 brine containing suspended solids were determined from 70 to 90/sup 0/C at 10.3-MPa confining pressure. Measurements were performed without filters, with one 10-..mu..m filter, and with two 10-..mu..m filters inserted upstream of the core sample. In all cases, there was a dramatic decrease in permeability within the first hour of flow or few hundred pore volumes of flow through the core. Experiments conducted without filters or with one filter yield permeabilities that represent both the rock and the 2- to 3-mm amorphous silica-iron layer on the top face of the core. The experimental results show that if the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF) were composed of porous, sedimentary formations similar to Kayenta sandstone, long-term injection of unmodified Magmamax brine would not be feasible. In the case of acidified brine, most of the permeability decline may result from the mobilization of calcite.

SHIVA, the 10-kilojule Neodymium-glass laser for the High Energy Laser Facility at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory has been built, exceeded minimum energy predictions, and is currently being applied to laser fusion experiments. The twenty, 20-cm aperture arms contain a total of about 1500 optical components for beam propagation, and another 1000 elements are used for control systems and diagnostics. In order to focus the energy on targets smaller than 1 mm in diameter, it has been necessary to maintain very high optical quality throughout the system. The manufacturing and testing technologies involved in meeting this challenge have been noteworthy and have encompassed glass manufacturing, optical finishing, and coating, for elements as diverse as Faraday rotators, laser rods and disks and aspheric lenses.

Least squares analyses of calorimetric measurements made at Mound Laboratory on two tritide compounds over a period of 18 y were performed to determine the half-life of tritium. A half-life of 12.3232 +- 0.0043 mean solar years was obtained.

This report summarizes our current effort and ideas toward the development of a model for the planetary boundary layer using the finite element technique. As an initial step, the finite element methodology is applied to simpler version of the boundary layer equations given by the two-dimensional, constant-property, incompressible conservation equations (Navier-Stokes equations). Solution procedures for both the steady-state and transient equations are discussed. For the transient problem, a variable time-step, trapezoid-rule algorithm with dynamic time-truncation error control is presented. The resulting system of nonlinear algebraic equations is solved by a Newton iteration procedure with a frontal solution scheme used for the linear set of equations. The need to develop a suitable linear equation solver, with respect to minimization of computer storage and execution costs, particularly for large (three-dimensional) finite element problems, is also discussed.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, John L. Hill, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Eligibility of certain county attorneys for participation in the Employees Retirement System.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A number of mechanical and electrical measurements were made on joints in typical conductors for the proposed mirror fusion test facility (MFTF) and high field test facility (HFTF). For such measurements, a commercially available cold-pressure-welding machine was used. For joints in the MFTF conductor, which has a large proportion of superconductor, joint strength approached conductor strength. For the HFTF conductor, where the Cu-to-superconductor ratio is 4.33/1, the joint is stronger than the conductor. Electrically, the joints were not superconducting.. While the resistance is higher than might be achieved by other forms of joining, we feel that the cold-weld joint has the advantages of simplicity, speed, reliability, and reproducibility. This makes the method attractive for MFTF, where resistance losses will be small compared with the total 4 K refrigeration requirements.

Efforts this past quarter were directed toward the determination of dissolution parameters in various reagents of PuO/sub 2/, PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/ solid solution, and AmO/sub 2/-PuO/sub 2/. The reagents used were various concentrations of HNO/sub 3/-HF-H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, HNO/sub 3/-HF, HNO/sub 3/-(NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/Ce(NO/sub 3/)/sub 6/, and HNO/sub 3/-H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/. In one series of tests, simulated contaminated HEPA filter media were used. This material was prepared by mixing shredded filter media with actinide oxides. In another series, actual HEPA glovebox filter media contaminated with PuO/sub 2/ were used. Fusion tests were also completed using simulated PuO/sub 2/ contaminated filter media. Both Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ and Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-KNO/sub 3/ were investigated as possible fusion agents.

Observations on the use of the SEMPEX computer code are given. The issues of proper sampling rate and total sampling interval are addressed. The effect that noise in the data has on the results and the ability of autocorrelation, truncation filtering, and the sliding-window technique to reduce these effects are also discussed. 35 figures, 24 tables.

We propose to study the utilization of high-temperature (approximately 2000-2500K) process heat from fusion reactors for large-scale chemical process applications. Of particular interest is the decomposition reaction, CO/sub 2/ ..-->.. CO + /sup 1///sub 2/O/sub 2/, which at 2500K should yield approximately 60 percent conversion to CO if O/sub 2/ is partially removed through an oxide membrane. Hydrogen can be derived from CO at lower temperatures by reacting CO with steam, and C can also be derived from CO by a disproportionation into C and CO/sub 2/ at approximately 1000K. These chemicals, CO, H/sub 2/, and C, form the basis for a multitude of non-electrical energy applications in the areas of transportation, industrial processes, and residential and commercial uses. In addition to the CO/sub 2/ decomposition process, we propose to explore a variety of ideas and evaluate them for scientific and economic merit. A follow-on research and development program will be proposed if the ideas prove promising.

Consideration is given to the stability of negative ion beams which are neutralized through ionization of a background gas. Two types of instabilities are examined. First, beam-plasma instabilities are analyzed with the dispersion relation showing that they are unimportant if the beam velocity is less than the electron thermal velocity. Second, results of a computer simulation on the flow of a cylindrical beam and the resulting background plasma show that when the background neutral gas density is less than or approximately equal to a critical density as instability occurs. This critical density is the density that would be needed to space-charge neutralize the beam if the positive ions were not retarded by the beam. An approximate dispersion relation indicates that the nature of the instability is a transverse positive-ion acoustic wave which couples to the beam.

A particularly simple problem exhibiting stochasticity is the motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field and a single wave. Detailed studies of this wave-particle interaction show the following features. An electrostatic wave propagating obliquely to the magnetic field causes stochastic motion if the wave amplitude exceeds a certain threshold. The overlap of cyclotron resonances then destroys a constant of the motion, allowing strong particle acceleration. A wave of large enough amplitude would thus suffer severe damping and lead to rapid heating of a particle distribution. The stochastic motion resembles a diffusion process even though the wave spectrum contains only a single wave. The motion of ions in a nonuniform magnetic field and a single electrostatic wave is treated in our study of a possible saturation mechanism of the dissipative trapped-ion instability in a tokamak. A theory involving the overlap of bounce resonances predicts the main features found in the numerical integration of the equations of motion. Ions in a layer near the trapped-circulating boundary move stochastically. This motion leads to nonlinear stabilization mechanisms which are described qualitatively.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, John L. Hill, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Tax exemption for building to house the Courts of Civil Appeals in Harris County.

Space charge neutralization of ion beams results from plasma generated by the beam. The two dimensional flow of plasma to walls surrounding a beam is analyzed to provide spatial distributions. Negative ion beams receive particular attention; the results are applied to electron control in beams subject to post-acceleration.

The signal/background ratio for the decay of the W into hadronic jets, it is affirmed, should be improved by a factor of about 15 if a prompt lepton is required. For definiteness the hadronic decays of the W/sup +/ in an SU(2) x U(1) model with six quarks is considered. (JFP)

A theory of exploding pusher laser pusher targets is compared to results of LASNEX calculations and to Livermore experiments. A scaling relationship is described which predicts the optimum target/pulse combinations as a function of the laser power.

The primary objective of the proposed research will be elucidation of the etiology and pathogenesis of bovine leukemia. We have consistently demonstrated C-type particles in mitogen stimulated lymphocyte cultures from leukemic cows and cows with a persistent lymphocytosis. These particles have been concentrated and partially purified by continuous flow, density gradient, ultracentrifugation. Newborn calves and late stage bovine fetuses have been inoculated with these concentrated cell free preparations. Our current study involves extensive monitoring of these inoculated animals to detect early pre-cancerous changes. The following parameters are being measured: the serological titer against a bovine leukemia associated antigen; the percentage of lymphocytes showing nuclear pockets; the percentage of mitogen stimulated lymphocytes with C-type particles adherent to their surface; the percentage of B-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation; the complete blood count; and the quantity of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) production as determined by the syncytia induction assay. Additional proposals include: using the monitoring parameters to study animals with the juvenile and thymic forms of leukemia; the examination of adult lymphosarcoma cases to determine which tissues harbor BLV; and lymphocyte subpopulation work to further define which cell types are associated with BLV production and tumor formation.

Various leaching agents were tested to determine their capability for dissolving PuO/sub 2/, UO/sub 2/, and U/sub 3/O/sub 8/. The amount of radionuclides retained by the filter media was investigated. Adsorption isotherms for two leaching systems were obtained. A four-stage dissolution process was developed. 10 figures, 2 tables.

This report provides information about the Federal laws relating to the unequal treatment of handicapped persons.

Results are reported of a study for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to provide a general understanding of pressure transient (water hammer) propagation in pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator feedwater piping systems. A typical feedwater network is defined, and pressure transient initiation is discussed, as well as the plausible pulse shapes reported. The analysis is performed by using the computer codes PTA and WHAM. Forces are calculated at elbows and valves by using momentum principles. The effects of pipe yielding, pipe wall friction, and elbow and value losses are included. Pipe yielding and elbow/valve effects are found to be important, and pressure magnitudes and forces are substantially reduced when these effects are included in the analysis. Typical pressure and force time histories are also given.

The work plan, schedule, and staffing plan to study the potential market for fuel cell total energy systems are outlined. (WHK)

During FY76 Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) continued its development of niobium tin (Nb/sub 3/Sn) conductors and its design support for the mirror fusion test facility (MFTF) superconducting magnet. Three highlights came from within the Laboratory. LLL completed its cryogenic tensile-test apparatus for NB/sub 3/Sn strain measurements. Over at MFTF, engineers ordered 2100 m of prototype material for a 1-m test coil. People at the high-field test facility (HFTF) released some components for fabrication; delivery was scheduled for early FY77. Outside LLL several subcontractors advanced Nb/sub 3/Sn manufacturing technology. One advance, in particular, improved conductor current densities at 12 T.