On Cratering: A Brief History, Analysis, and Theory of Cratering (open access)

On Cratering: A Brief History, Analysis, and Theory of Cratering

Cratering is a subject that has been studied by many investigators for many years for many purposes. These purposes range from experimental studies of physical properties to large scale excavations using explosive charges of kiloton size. In the past ten years considerable effort has been devoted to cratering experiments for the purposes of determining the effects of cratering by nuclear explosions, with recent accent on Plowshare applications. From the large amount of data available for craters in alluvian has been possible to establish very reliable relationships between charge size, depth of bursty crater radii, and crater depths. In addition it has been possible to construct a preliminary theory of the mechanics of explosive crater formation. The available experimental data for nuclear and high explosive craters are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the data for desert alluvium, and the pertinent relationships are derived. A theory of the important cratering mechanisms, which has been evolved on the basis of these data and data from other sources, is outlined. (auth)
Date: August 22, 1961
Creator: Nordyke, M. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EVALUATION OF ULTIMATE DISPOSAL METHOD FOR LIQUID AND SOLID RADIOACTIVE WASTES. PART I. INTERIM LIQUID STORAGE (open access)

EVALUATION OF ULTIMATE DISPOSAL METHOD FOR LIQUID AND SOLID RADIOACTIVE WASTES. PART I. INTERIM LIQUID STORAGE

As the first part of a study to evaluate the economics of the various steps leading to and including the permanent disposal of high-activity liquid and solid radioactive waste, costs of interim liquid storage of acid and alkaline Purex and Thorex wastes were estimated for storage times of 0.5 to 30 years. A 6- ton/day plant was assumed, processing 1500 tons/year of uranium converter fuel at a burnup of 10,000 Mwd/ton and 270 tons/year of thorium converter fuel at a burnup of 20,000 Mwd/ton. Tanks of Savannah River design were assumed, with stainless steel construction for acid wastes and mild steel construction for neutralized wastes. The operating cycle of each tank was assumed to consist of equal filling and emptying periods plus a full (or dead) period. With interim storage time defined as filling time plus full time, tank costs were minimum when full time was 40 to 70% of the interim storage time, using present worth considerations. For waste storage times of 0.5 to 30 years, costs ranged from 2.2 x 10/sup -3/ to 9.5 x 10/sup -3/ mill/kwh/sub e/ for acid wastes and from 1.7 x 10/sup -3/ to 5.1 x 10/sup -3/ mill/kwh/sub e/ for neutralized wastes. …
Date: August 22, 1961
Creator: Bradshaw, R.L.; Perona, J.J.; Roberts, J.T. & Blomeke, J.O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Physics of antimatter-matter reactions for interstellar propulsion (open access)

Physics of antimatter-matter reactions for interstellar propulsion

At the stage of the antiproton-nucleon annihilation chain of events relevant to propulsion the annihilation produces energetic charged pions and gamma rays. If annihilation occurs in a complex nucleus, protons, neutrons, and other nuclear fragments are also produced. The charge, number, and energy of the annihilation products are such that annihilation rocket engine concepts involving relatively low specific impulse (I/sub sp/ approx. = 1000 to 2000 s) and very high I/sub sp/ (3 x 10/sup 7/ s) appear feasible and have efficiencies on the order of 50% for annihilation energy to propulsion energy conversion. At I/sub sp/'s of around 15,000 s, however, it may be that only the kinetic energy of the charged nuclear fragments can be utilized for propulsion in engines of ordinary size. An estimate of this kinetic energy was made from known pieces of experimental and theoretical information. Its value is about 10% of the annihilation energy. Control over the mean penetration depth of protons into matter prior to annihilation is necessary so that annihilation occurs in the proper region within the engine. Control is possible by varying the antiproton kinetic energy to obtain a suitable annihilation cross section. The annihilation cross section at low energies is …
Date: August 22, 1986
Creator: Morgan, D.L. Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Criminal Procedure: Brief Summaries of Major Decisions of the "Warren Court" Relating to the Rights of Persons Accused of Crime (open access)

Criminal Procedure: Brief Summaries of Major Decisions of the "Warren Court" Relating to the Rights of Persons Accused of Crime

This report discusses Supreme Court decisions made during the tenure of Earl Warren as Chief Justice from 1953 to 1969 related to criminal procedure and the rights of the accused.
Date: August 22, 1969
Creator: Hutton, E. Jeremy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Addition of bromine as a diagnostic gas to inertial confinement fusion target microspheres (open access)

Addition of bromine as a diagnostic gas to inertial confinement fusion target microspheres

Currently, direct fuel rho r measurements on Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets by neutron activation of the argon tracer gas mixed with the DT fuel would require a 100 fold increase in neutron yield. Bromine, on the other hand, has excellent properties for neutron activation analysis at neutron yields of 10two' to 10/sup 8/, when present at an internal pressure of from 0.1 to 0.2 atmospheres. Bromine addition is accomplished in a 2 furnace system using the dried-gel method of microsphere production. An upper furnace operated at 1500/sup 0/C is separated from a lower furnace by a cooled zone. The lower furnace is filled with bromine gas and operated at approximately 1250/sup 0/C. The upper furnace is the glass production furnace. The cooled zone in between the upper and lower furnace is to prevent the hot bromine gas from rising into the upper furnace. The microspheres pass through the cooled zone and immediately into the 1250/sup 0/C bromine furnace where the bromine permeates into the spheres.
Date: August 22, 1980
Creator: Morrison, R. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Numerical solution of the Schroedinger integral equation for dt. mu. Progress report (open access)

Numerical solution of the Schroedinger integral equation for dt. mu. Progress report

The Schroedinger Integral Equation is derived for an N-body system, and solutions for required Green's functions are obtained. The initial method of numerical solution has yielded the correct ground states and lower excited states of He (test case) and dt..mu... Steps are being taken to improve the numerical accuracy.
Date: August 22, 1986
Creator: Morgan, D.L. Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Scaling of exploding pusher targets (open access)

Scaling of exploding pusher targets

A theory of exploding pusher laser pusher targets is compared to results of LASNEX calculations and to Livermore experiments. A scaling relationship is described which predicts the optimum target/pulse combinations as a function of the laser power.
Date: August 22, 1977
Creator: Nuckolls, J.H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Antiproton-hydrogen atom rearrangement-annihilation cross section (open access)

Antiproton-hydrogen atom rearrangement-annihilation cross section

For antiproton energies of several eV or less, annihilation in matter occurs through atomic rearrangement processes in which the antiproton becomes bound to a nucleus prior to annihilation. Existing calculations of the antiproton-hydrogen atom rearrangement cross section are semiclassical and employ the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. They also employ various arguments in regard to the behavior of the system when the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down at small antiproton-proton separations. These arguments indicate that rearrangement is essentially irreversible. In the present study, a detailed investigation was made of the antiproton-hydrogen atom system when the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down. The results of this study indicate that the previous arguments were approximately correct, but that there is a significant probability for rearrangement reversing prior to annihilation. This probability is estimated to be about 20%. 8 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: August 22, 1986
Creator: Morgan, D.L. Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
On reactor type comparisons for the next generation of reactors (open access)

On reactor type comparisons for the next generation of reactors

In this paper, we present a broad comparison of studies for a selected set of parameters for different nuclear reactor types including the next generation. This serves as an overview of key parameters which provide a semi-quantitative decision basis for selecting nuclear strategies. Out of a number of advanced reactor designs of the LWR type, gas cooled type, and FBR type, currently on the drawing board, the Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWR) seem to have some edge over other types of the next generation of reactors for the near-term application. This is based on a number of attributes related to the benefit of the vast operating experience with LWRs coupled with an estimated low risk profile, economics of scale, degree of utilization of passive systems, simplification in the plant design and layout, modular fabrication and manufacturing. 32 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.
Date: August 22, 1991
Creator: Alesso, H.P. & Majumdar, K.C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Surplus Equipment Disposal: Background Information (open access)

Defense Surplus Equipment Disposal: Background Information

This report discusses the Department of Defense (DOD) policy via the Defense Utilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for disposing of government equipment and supplies considered surplus or deemed unnecessary to the agency's currently designated mission. The report focuses on DRMS background, as well as the most recent DRMS policy modifications.
Date: August 22, 2013
Creator: Bailey Grasso, Valerie
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Crime Victims Fund: Federal Support for Victims of Crime (open access)

The Crime Victims Fund: Federal Support for Victims of Crime

Report that provides background and funding information for Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) programs and the Crime Victims Fund (CVF). It describes the process through which CVF funds are allocated and explains how the CVF impacts the annual budget for Department of Justice (DOJ).
Date: August 22, 2012
Creator: Sacco, Lisa N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Financial Disclosure by Federal Officials and Publication of Disclosure Reports (open access)

Financial Disclosure by Federal Officials and Publication of Disclosure Reports

This report discusses the information disclosure by high-level officials in all three branches of the federal government.
Date: August 22, 2013
Creator: Maskell, Jack
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights (open access)

Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights

This report discusses the state of Iraqi politics, governance, and human rights. Topics include the worsening relations between local Sunni and Shiite populations.
Date: August 22, 2013
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Memorandum of Meeting: National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, August 22, 2005, Part 1] (open access)

[Memorandum of Meeting: National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, August 22, 2005, Part 1]

First part of a memorandum of meeting with National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGIA) representatives regarding DoD Recommendation #168.
Date: August 22, 2005
Creator: United States. Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Letters from Jim Gammon and Joe Thomas to the BRAC] (open access)

[Letters from Jim Gammon and Joe Thomas to the BRAC]

Letters from Jim Gammon and Joe Thomas to the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission. The two men state that they are in opposition to the recommendation that Cannon Air Force Base be closed.
Date: August 22, 2005
Creator: Gammon, James (Jim) & Thomas, Joseph (Joe)
Object Type: Letter
System: The UNT Digital Library
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2014 Budget and Appropriations (open access)

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2014 Budget and Appropriations

This report provides a brief overview of the FY2014 State Department, Foreign Operations and Related Programs funding request, as well as top-line analysis of pending House and Senate State-Foreign Operations appropriations proposals.
Date: August 22, 2013
Creator: Epstein, Susan B.; Tiersky, Alex & Lawson, Marian L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Contract Management: Service Contracting Trends and Challenges (open access)

Contract Management: Service Contracting Trends and Challenges

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO reviewed several issues concerning service contracting trends and challenges facing the government. The government has had long-standing difficulties in managing service contracts, and it is clear that agencies are not doing all they can to ensure that they are acquiring services that meet their needs in a timely and cost-effective manner. Agencies have begun efforts to address their strategic human capital needs; however, no agency has completed a strategic human capital management plan for their acquisition workforce. Overall, agencies' plans reflected different levels of attention to human capital, ranging from merely identifying human capital challenges to putting forward solutions to address those challenges, such as by defining actual plans, committing resources, and assigning accountability."
Date: August 22, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Safety Board: Improvements in Management and Oversight Are Needed (open access)

Chemical Safety Board: Improvements in Management and Oversight Are Needed

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The principal role of the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) is to investigate accidental releases of regulated or extremely hazardous substances to determine the conditions and circumstances that led to the accident and to identify the cause or causes so that similar accidents might be prevented. Accidental releases of these toxic and hazardous chemicals occur frequently and often have serious consequences. CSB reported to Congress that the agency received notification of approximately 900 chemical accidents in calendar year 2007, and that 31 of these accidents were serious or even fatal events that warranted the commitment of CSB investigators. CSB began operating in 1998 as an independent agency created under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The act directs CSB to (1) investigate and report on the cause or probable cause of any accidental chemical releases from stationary sources resulting in a fatality, serious injury, or substantial property damages; (2) make recommendations to reduce the likelihood or consequences of accidental chemical releases and propose corrective measures; and (3) establish regulations for reporting accidental releases. The agency publishes investigative reports and issues safety studies and videos to …
Date: August 22, 2008
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Review of Veterans' Preference and the 'Rule of 3' (open access)

Review of Veterans' Preference and the 'Rule of 3'

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The General Accounting Office has completed a review of selected agencies' compliance with veterans' preference and the "Rule of 3" in federal hiring. This review was requested by Congressman Lane Evans, Ranking Minority Member of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs, and Senator Tom Daschle. As agreed with the requesters, because of continuing oversight of agencies' delegated examining units (DEU) and ongoing review of veterans' preference, we are providing the results of our review for possible follow-up. The requesters specifically asked us to review the results of job announcements for fiscal year 2001 for five selected agency personnel offices in the Washington Metropolitan Area: the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) headquarters, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG). As agreed with the requesters, we reviewed: (1) advertised full-time positions (both permanent and temporary) at the GS-7,9,11,13, and 15 levels as identified by the selected agency, (2) the use of multiple certificates in filling these positions, (3) the resulting certificates of eligibilities, including how often veterans headed these certificates and were …
Date: August 22, 2003
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Independent Counsel: Expenditure and Other Information for the Office of Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr/Robert W. Ray (open access)

Independent Counsel: Expenditure and Other Information for the Office of Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr/Robert W. Ray

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the expenditures for the Office of Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr/Robert W. Ray, focusing on: (1) the office's responses to 46 questions; (2) whether the expenditures were incurred under Independent Counsel Starr's or Independent Counsel Ray's tenure; and (3) the total costs of the investigation to date."
Date: August 22, 2000
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Skilled Nursing Facilities: Services Excluded From Medicare's Daily Rate Need to be Reevaluated (open access)

Skilled Nursing Facilities: Services Excluded From Medicare's Daily Rate Need to be Reevaluated

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Congress and the Health Care Financing Administration recognized that certain services needed to be excluded from the skilled nursing facility (SNF) prospective payment system (PPS) rate to help ensure beneficiary access to appropriate care and to financially protect the SNFs that take care of high-cost patients. The criteria used to identify services--high cost, infrequently provided during a SNF stay and likely to be overprovided--and the services currently excluded appear reasonable. Even so, questions remain about whether beneficiaries have appropriate access to services that are covered in the rate or whether additional services should have been excluded. A second concern is that Medicare coverage for excluded facility services has been shifted from part A to part B, which will increase beneficiary liability. and program spending might increase because certain services are excluded only when provided in hospital settings, thus discouraging the use of less expensive, clinically appropriate sites of service. Finally, excluding services from the PPS rate when they are provided in emergency rooms may lead to overuse of emergency rooms, unnecessarily increasing Medicare spending. The Centers for Medicare and Medicare Services (CMS) does not plan to …
Date: August 22, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Credit Reform: Improving Rural Development's Credit Program Cost Estimates (open access)

Credit Reform: Improving Rural Development's Credit Program Cost Estimates

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO provided information on the Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Rural Development (RD) mission area's progress in improving its credit program cost estimates."
Date: August 22, 2000
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
DOD's Overseas Infrastructure Master Plans Continue to Evolve (open access)

DOD's Overseas Infrastructure Master Plans Continue to Evolve

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In 2004, President Bush announced what was described as the most comprehensive restructuring of U.S. military forces overseas since the end of the Korean War. Soon thereafter, the Department of Defense (DOD) issued a report titled Strengthening U.S. Global Defense Posture. This report defined the key tenets of the integrated global presence and basing strategy, which outlines troop and basing adjustments overseas. Although the strategy is intended to make the overseas posture of the United States more flexible and efficient, it will require new facilities costing billions of dollars, some of the cost to be borne by the United States and some by other nations. As plans for overseas basing began to emerge, the Senate Appropriations Committee expressed concern about the use of military construction funds for projects at overseas bases that may soon be obsolete or closed because of changes being considered by DOD and the military services. Accordingly, the Senate report accompanying the fiscal year 2004 military construction appropriation bill directed DOD to prepare detailed, comprehensive master plans for changing infrastructure requirements at U.S. military facilities in each of the overseas regional commands. The Senate report …
Date: August 22, 2006
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intellectual Property: Assessing Factors That Affect Patent Infringement Litigation Could Help Improve Patent Quality (open access)

Intellectual Property: Assessing Factors That Affect Patent Infringement Litigation Could Help Improve Patent Quality

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "From 2000 to 2010, the number of patent infringement lawsuits in the federal courts fluctuated slightly, and from 2010 to 2011, the number of such lawsuits increased by about a third. Some stakeholders GAO interviewed said that the increase in 2011 was most likely influenced by the anticipation of changes in the 2011 Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA), which made several significant changes to the U.S. patent system, including limiting the number of defendants in a lawsuit, causing some plaintiffs that would have previously filed a single lawsuit with multiple defendants to break the lawsuit into multiple lawsuits. In addition, GAO's detailed analysis of a representative sample of 500 lawsuits from 2007 to 2011 shows that the number of overall defendants in patent infringement lawsuits increased by about 129 percent over this period. These data also show that companies that make products brought most of the lawsuits and that nonpracticing entities (NPE) brought about a fifth of all lawsuits. GAO's analysis of these data also found that lawsuits involving software-related patents accounted for about 89 percent of the increase in defendants over this period."
Date: August 22, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library