This document presents a set of guidelines for authors who wish to express themselves more clearly to foreign readers, or readers whose first language is not American English. Topics include idioms, technical terms, jargon, word meaning, acronyms, and international conventions of measurement. The guidelines will help writers of technical documents present their ideas more effectively to audiences that may include individuals whose first language is not American English, including audiences with individuals from other English-speaking countries.

Report documenting the progress of the Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program to develop a mobile nuclear power plant for military field operation.

Today's restrictive environmental regulations encourage paper mills to close their water systems. Closed water systems increase the level of contaminants significantly. Accumulations of solid suspensions are detrimental to both the papermaking process and the final products. To remove these solids, technologies such as flotation using dissolved air (DAF), centrifuging, and screening have been developed. Dissolved Air Flotation systems are commonly used to clarify whitewater. These passive systems use high pressure to dissolve air into whitewater. When the pressure is released, air micro-bubbles form and attach themselves to fibers and particles, which then float to the surface where they are mechanically skimmed off. There is an economic incentive to explore alternatives to the DAF technology to drive down the cost of whitewater processing and minimize the use of chemicals. The installed capital cost for a DAF system is significant and a typical DAF system takes up considerable space. An alternative approach, which is the subject of this project, involves a dual method combining the advantages of chemical flocculation and in-line ultrasonic clarification to efficiently remove flocculated contaminants from a water stream

Technical report summarizing our knowledge of the chemical effects of ionizing radiation upon water and upon aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds. The types of radiation considered are beta rays, gamma and X rays, and heavy particles, notably neutrons, deuterons, alpha rays and fission recoils.

We have undertaken a study of the feasibility of an innovative method for the determination of thermal properties of materials at extreme conditions. Our approach is essentiality an extension of the flash method to the geometry of the diamond-anvil cell and our ultimate goal is to greatly enlarge the pressure and temperature range over which thermal properties can be investigated. More specifically, we have performed test experiments to establish a technique for probing thermal diffusivity on samples of dimensions compatible with the physical constraints of the diamond anvil cell.

This report provides information on the Lisbon Treaty and possible U.S.-EU implications that may be of interest to the 112th Congress.

This report examines the current state of Algeria, including the country's associations with terrorism, despite steady decreases of domestic terrorism; the lessening in power of the Algerian military; and growing oil revenues.

This report discusses the changing political landscape of Guinea. The report also discusses U.S. interests and associated policy challenges in Guinea centering around democratization, counternarcotics issues, regional stability, socioeconomic development, and various other issues.

This report discusses historical, current, and projected discretionary spending trends. It also describes how current discretionary spending trends reflect national priorities. Discretionary spending is provided in, and controlled by, annual appropriations acts, which fund many of the routine activities commonly associated with such federal government functions as running executive branch agencies, congressional offices and agencies, and international operations of the government.

This document represents a progress report and renewal proposal for the contract DEAS 09 79 ER10434 between the USDOE and USC. During the time from 1 July 1979 to 1 March 1980, the large 35% intrinsic Ge detector was purchased and tested, and the new hyperpure Ge detector for positron end-point-energy measurements was designed and fabricated by ORTEC. It was delivered just prior to January 1, 1980. Measurements using this special equipment began in January 1980. During this period, a new effort in the measurement of short nuclear lifetimes was completed, and nuclear structure measurements of /sup 206/Rn nd /sup 208/Rn were completed. The results of these efforts are described in the text. A search for the Post Doctoral Research Associate was started last summer and the position will be filled on or about 1 March 1980. The first experiments to measure positron end-point-energies were proposed to the ORIC scheduling committee, and measurements will begin in March 1980. Theoretical efforts describe accurately the interference of annihilation radiation with positron end-point-energy measurements were begun.

We have completed both the installation of the demonstration project and the assessment of the stream flows in Watauga County, North Carolina. The 17 kW, high head (178'), project on Laurel Creek in Watauga County has produced about 60,000 kWh over its first nine months of operation despite some electrical and other problems. It is currently producing 16 to 17 kW on a steady basis and is functioning as a popular site for visits by people who plan to install their own similar plants in areas throughout the Southeast. The stream assessment proved to be less satisfactory than the subsequently developed method for predicting long term stream flows. The latter method has been applied to all western North Carolina and this report presents its general conclusions.

This report identifies and summarizes these and other rules and directives affecting committee powers, authority, activities, and operations.

House Rules, especially Rules X-XIII, govern the authority and operations of its committees and subcommittees. This report identifies and summarizes these and other rules and directives affecting committee powers, authority, activities, and operations.

This report presents an assessment of the efficiency and power density limitations of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion systems for both ideal (radiative-limited) and practical (defect-limited) systems. Thermodynamics is integrated into the unique process physics of TPV conversion, and used to define the intrinsic tradeoff between power density and efficiency. The results of the analysis reveal that the selection of diode bandgap sets a limit on achievable efficiency well below the traditional Carnot level. In addition it is shown that filter performance dominates diode performance in any practical TPV system and determines the optimum bandgap for a given radiator temperature. It is demonstrated that for a given radiator temperature, lower bandgap diodes enable both higher efficiency and power density when spectral control limitations are included. The goal of this work is to provide a better understanding of the basic system limitations that will enable successful long-term development of TPV energy conversion technology.

The modification of the optical characteristics of a laser beam by a plasma is a key issue in laser-plasma coupling. it is critical to understand how this takes place, if we are ever to understand the interaction processes in the plasma corona as well as the coupling at super-high intensities--as when laser pulses approach Petawatt intensities. Interpreting and understanding parametric instabilities in laser-produced plasmas has been a problem of increasing complexity. Improvements in diagnostic capabilities in experimental studies, as well as refinements in the modeling (using different numerical techniques), are showing a complex scenario: strong interplay among instabilities, modification of the plasma conditions caused by the instabilities, and modification to the initial distribution of laser intensity inside the plasma. Of particular interest are stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), instabilities which have been studied extensively during the past 20 years, both theoretically and experimentally. Until now, most studies--mainly driven by requirements associated with inertial confinement fusion (ICF)--have concentrated on backscattering instabilities. The role of forward instabilities has not received much attention, despite having the potentials for strongly modifying the overall laser-plasma interaction region. The objective of this project is to study numerically the nonlinear enhancement of large-angle, …

the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act, became law. Section 2001, "The Emergency Salvage Timber Sale Program," is known as the "Salvage Rider" or the "Timber Rider." The measure directs the sale of timber from national forests managed by the Secretary of Agriculture through the Forest Service and from forests managed by the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The law provides for three types of timber sales

This report includes information regarding strategic petroleum reserve. Background, purchases of crude oil, and drawdown capability are among topics discussed in this report.

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Two fast running computer codes have been developed to calculate and verify the predictions of phenomenological models of beam emittance growth and radial oscillation damping. This report describes the codes - a point model, EMY, and a particle simulation, DESTIN. Comparison of model predictions and simulation results is made for the cases of a beam launched near self-pinch equilibrium and for a cold beam launched in near ballistic condition.

This report covers the research progress made during the calendar year 1992. The new results obtained during this period are described, keyed to the references listed on the last two pages of this report.

This report covers the research progress made during the calendar year 1992. The new results obtained during this period are described, keyed to the references listed on the last two pages of this report.

The PVMaT 5A2 program at ASE Americas is a three-year program that addresses topics in the development of manufacturing systems, low-cost processing approaches, and flexible manufacturing methods. The three-year objectives are as follows: (1) implementation of computer-aided manufacturing systems, including Statistical Process Control, to aid in electrical and mechanical yield improvements of 10%, (2) development and implementation of ISO 9000 and ISO 14000, (3) deployment of wafer production from large-diameter (up to 1 m) EFG cylinders and wafer thicknesses down to 95 microns, (4) development of low-damage, high-yield laser-cutting methods for thin wafers, (5) cell designs for >15% cell efficiencies on 100-micron-thick EFG wafers, (6) development of Rapid Thermal Anneal processing for thin high-efficiency EFG cells, and (7) deployment of flexible manufacturing methods for diversification in wafer size and module design. In the second year of this program, the significant accomplishments in each of three tasks that cover these areas are as follows: Task 4-Manufacturing systems, Task 5-Low-cost processes, and Task 6-Flexible manufacturing.

The primary objectives of this proposal was to define the subset of proteins required for the ionizing radiation (IR) resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans R1, characterize the activities of those proteins, and apply what was learned to problems of interest to the Department of Energy.

In the modern urban setting, most individuals spend about 80% of their time indoors and are therefore exposed to the indoor environment to a much greater extent than to the outdoors (Lebowitz 1992). Concomitant with this increased habitation in urban buildings, there have been numerous reports of adverse health effects related to indoor air quality (IAQ) (sick buildings). Most of these buildings were built in the last two decades and were constructed to be energy-efficient. The quality of air in the indoor environment can be altered by a number of factors: release of volatile compounds from furnishings, floor and wall coverings, and other finishing materials or machinery; inadequate ventilation; poor temperature and humidity control; re-entrainment of outdoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs); and the contamination of the indoor environment by microbes (particularly fungi). Armstrong Laboratory (1992) found that the three most frequent causes of IAQ are (1) inadequate design and/or maintenance of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, (2) a shortage of fresh air, and (3) lack of humidity control. A similar study by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH 1989) recognized inadequate ventilation as the most frequent source of IAQ problems in the work environment (52% …