Report that provides an overview of the economic issues surrounding the current debate over China's currency policy. It identifies the economic costs and benefits of China's currency policy for both China and the United States, and possible implications if China were to allow its currency to significantly appreciate or to float freely. It also examines proposed legislation in the 111th Congress that seek to address China's currency policy.

The United States military has been building up forces on the U.S. territory of Guam to increase deterrence and power projection for possible responses to crises and disasters, counter-terrorism, and contingencies in support of South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, or elsewhere in Asia. But the defense buildup on Guam is moderate. China has concerns about the defense buildup. Guam's role has increased with plans to withdraw some U.S. forces from Japan and South Korea. This report describes in brief detail the various cooperative efforts, including financial efforts, undertaken by the U.S. and the above nations.

The report discusses the question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, that has emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning. Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff, stated in June 2010 that "I have moved from being curious to being genuinely concerned" about China's military programs. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort is of particular importance to the U.S. Navy, because many U.S. military programs for countering improved Chinese military forces would fall within the Navy's budget.

This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People's Republic of China (PRC), including U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programming, foreign operations appropriations, policy history, and legislative background. International programs supported by U.S. departments and agencies other than the Department of State and USAID are not covered in this report.

The report discusses the question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, that has emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort is of particular importance to the U.S. Navy, because many U.S. military programs for countering improved Chinese military forces would fall within the Navy's budget.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia, New Guinea, Solomons, China, Pacific and Far East, French fleet, North Africa. Large world map is keyed to text. Includes table: Great Circle Distances in Statute Miles. Inset maps show Tunisia and Russia. Includes 8 photographs. Back: Poster provides recognition cues and front and profile drawings of Allied and Axis light tanks and self-propelled weapons. Includes range scale.

This report provides an overview of the economic issues surrounding the current debate over China's currency policy. It identifies the economic costs and benefits of China's currency policy for both China and the United States, and possible implications if China were to allow its currency to significantly appreciate or to float freely.

This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990's.

This report provides a brief survey of China-North Korea relations, assesses China's objectives and actions, and raises policy issues for the United States.

Since the mid-1990s, tensions have spiked periodically among Japan, China, and Taiwan over the disputed Senkaku (Diaoyu/Diaoyutai) islets in the East China Sea. Each time tensions erupt over the islets, questions have arisen concerning the U.S. relationship to the islets. This report focuses on that issue.

This paper reviews the various economic issues raised by China's present currency policy, including: the economic concerns raised by the United States over China's currency policy and China's concerns over changing that policy; how China's fixed exchange rate regime works and the various economic studies that have attempted to determine China's real, or market, exchange rate; trends and factors in the U.S.-China trade imbalance; economic consequences of China's currency policy for both China and the United States; China's massive accumulation of foreign exchange reserves and purchases of U.S. federal debt instruments; and policy options on how the United States might induce China to reform its present currency policy, including current legislation introduced in Congress.

This report describes the organizations controlling research and development (R&D) on nuclear weapons (i.e., nuclear explosive devices, as distinct from the bombers and missiles that carry them) in these nations, and presents a brief history of the organizations controlling nuclear weapons R&D in the United States. It discusses whether these organizations are civilian or military, though in many nations the lines between civilian and military are blurred.

This report discusses the opening of the Chinese market to U.S. beef imports under certain restrictions. The negotiation process and conditions of the agreement and China's current largest beef import partners are also discussed.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: Strategic distances in the North Pacific ; Attu Island ; the Rat Island group ; Jap drives [in China]. Photographs: Jungle fighting; Battle of Carriers; Planes that hit the enemy; Swimming through flames; Tomahawk takes it. Back: "These are some of the weapons which checked Hitler's armies." Includes photographs: Moving in column to the attack -- Armored train alert -- Light armored cars -- Anti-aircraft alarm -- Ready to fire -- Formation to the front -- Anti-aircraft machine gun -- Woods used for cover -- Mortar ready to fire -- Amphibian tanks on land... -- Horse-drawn anti-tank gun -- ... and on the sea.

This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990's.

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This report discusses China's classification by the World Trade Organization (WTO). China contends that language in its WTO accession protocol required all WTO members to terminate their use of the alternative methodology; the United States and other WTO members argue that that the WTO language did not automatically obligate them to extend market economy status (MES) to China.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Italy, Pacific, Southeast Asia, China, Western Europe, USSR. Maps show Allied attacks from India and China into Burma; Current battle line in central Italy. Includes photographs: Nazi 170mm and American 200mm. mobile guns at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.; Shells belonging to the Nazi and American guns; German paratroopers during street fighting in Cassino; Self-propelled German gun mounted on a Mark III chassis advances toward Allied positions in Cassino; Road sign posted near the Allied beachhead below Rome warns Allied forces against touching "butterfly bombs". Back: Your battleship and her requirements. Illustration of a battleship with text describing man hours required to design and build, materials to build, material to operate.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Tunisia, Aleutians, New Guinea, Solomons, Pacific and Far East, Burma-China, Russia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show northern Tunisia, and along the Russian front. Includes photographs: Pulling together for victory [Chinese laborers flatten a runway with a heavy roller]; Sgt. Robert Wilson of Wichita, Kansas rides a wheelbarrow taxicab; Yanks in the Far East care for Burmese orphans; Amphibian jeeps; Wet feet are no worry [jungle fighting in New Guinea]; Allied troops wade from stream to shore [New Guinea]; American gun crew lowers their sights to fire into the jungle in New Guinea. Back: Military Courtesy. Color illustrations of Army and Navy uniforms and insignia of the United States, U.S.S.R., France, Poland, China and the British Empire. Accompanying text describes how to address each rank.

This report presents policy and oversight issues for Congress arising from (1) maritime territorial disputes involving China in the South China Sea (SCS) and East China Sea (ECS) and (2) an additional dispute over whether China has a right under international law to regulate U.S. and other foreign military activities in its 200-nautical-mile maritime Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

This report discusses possible outcomes and implications for U.S. interests vary. For example, increasingly effective political administration and reform with continued successful economic modernization would be generally compatible with U.S. interests in greater economic opportunity, foreign policy cooperation, and political liberalization in China. Alternatively, Chinese administration, economic vitality, and internal cohesion could degenerate, limiting U.S. economic opportunities, challenging U.S. interests in stability in East Asia, but also diminishing potential threats from a strong China. Finally, China could develop formidable economic power while retaining authoritarian political control, with China emerging as a world power less interested in accommodating U.S. interests than in opposing them.

This report considers potential implications for U.S.-China relations. China's actions for asserting and defending its maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) claims in the East China (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS), particularly since late 2013, have heightened concerns among observers that ongoing disputes over these waters and some of the islands within them could lead to a crisis or conflict between China and a neighboring country such as Japan, the Philippines, or Vietnam.

This CRS report, updated as warranted, discusses policy issues regarding military-to-military (mil-to-mil) contacts with the People's Republic of China (PRC) and provides a record of major contacts and crises since 1993. The United States suspended military contacts with China and imposed sanctions on arms sales in response to the Tiananmen Crackdown in 1989.

China’s economy continues to be a concern to U.S. policymakers. On the one hand, China’s economic growth presents huge opportunities for U.S. exporters. On the other hand, the surge in Chinese exports to the United States has put competitive pressures on many U.S. industries. Many U.S. policymakers have argued that greater efforts should be made to pressure China to fully implement its WTO commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency peg and its use of subsidies to support its SOEs. In addition, recent bids by Chinese state-owned firms to purchase various U.S. firms have raised concerns among Members over the impact such acquisitions could have on U.S. national and economic security.