Report detailing various Bremsstrahlung theories since 1945. Citations for different theories are included.

This report represents a critical review of existing reactor cooling systems and discusses suggested supplementary-cooling system which might be employed in emergencies resulting from such natural hazards as earthquake, equipment failure, or personnel error. In addition the subject of building filtration is discussed. Maintenance of an uninterrupted flow of cooling water is of major concern to the safety of any HAPO reactor. For some time supplementary cooling systems which would be capable of removing heat output in the event of failure in the existing emergency backup systems have been under scrutiny. Loss of coolant may cause damaging power excursion (should this occur during operation) or will inevitably result in fuel melting and a subsequent release of fission products to the atmosphere, even if the reactor is shut down prior to the loss of coolant.

chemical Research and Development Operation was contacted by R. Nilson of Irradiation Processing Department in order to obtain an analysis from a chemical viewpoint of the worst credible accident to a full E-N reactor loading. This analysis would be used to present to the ACRS directly or would be abstracted to prepare a supplementary report. The primary purpose of this report is to present an analysis of the chemical behavior of an E-N loading in the event of the sudden loss of coolant to the entire reactor, with, however, normal operation of the control devices such that the reactor is initially driven sub-critical. We are here concerned wit the effect of a rising temperature upon the E-N load, the rise in temperature being primarily caused by the release of fission product energy.

The reliability of the K-Reactor water plants has been reviewed by Research and Engineering personnel; this study augments a brief analysis of the KW generator failures incident given in my letter of October 6, 1958. Our attention has been directed largely to ascertaining the requirements of the system, the consequences of possible component failures, giving general assessment of the primary features upon which reliability depends and identifying potential improvements which would increase reliability or moderate the consequences of a major failure. Our attention is restricted to failures which might occur as a result of equipment failure, operator error or certain natural causes such as earthquakes; we have not weighed special considerations brought on by enemy action such as sabotage, for example, in this evaluation. R. S. Bell is providing an analysis of the operating and maintenance aspects of K water plant reliability to complement this engineering study. It is concluded that the basic elements of the system lend themselves to reliable operation. The lines of defense appear adequate in depth, that is, a primary system operated with BPA power, an emergency ``backup`` system consisting of two essentially independent steam driven generators driving selected pumps, and a ``last ditch`` system providing …

None

The September, 1958 monthly report for the Chemical Processing Department of the Hanford Atomic Products Operation includes information regarding research and engineering efforts with respect to the Purex and Redox process technology. Also discussed is the production operation, finished product operation, power and general maintenance, financial operation, engineering and research operations, and employee operation. (MB)

A discussion is presented of the macrostructure of the chloroplast insofar as it is known and knowable by means of microscopy (visible, ultraviolet and electron). This leads to a number of principles of structure to be found in the granum universally distributed throughout the plant kingdom. A chemical analysis of the constitution of these lamellar structures leads to a deduction of structural principles for such molecules as are found therein. The application of these structural principles to the visible structure of the lamella leads to a microstructure on a molecular level of these lamellae which, in turn, leads to a theory of their function.

The design features and the performance of UO/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ blanket processing Loop P-1 are evaluated from an engineering viewpoint. This unique experiment development loop was operated with pump heating to study the behavior of plutonium in 1.4 M UO/sub 2/SO/sub 4/at 250 deg C and was designed for mixed O/ sub 2/-H/sub 2/ gas pressurization The canned loop and the feed and sampling systems in glove boxes completely contained the plutonium throughout the experimental program. (auth)

This report, for August 1958 from the Chemical Processing Department at HAPO, discusses the following: Production operation; Purex and Redox operation; Finished products operation; maintenance; Financial operation; facilities engineering; research; and employee relations.

The deflection and stresses of a medel of the Yankee lower core support structure, conslstlng of two clrcular perforated plates joined together by a clrcular reinforclng rib and 76 cylindrical spacers, were obtained experimentally. The relationships between the tests on the model and reference design were determined by an application of dimensional analysis. Experimental investigations are described in which various design parameters were determined and the structural rigidity of the assembly was obtained. A rational methed of semitheoretical analysis of the problem is suggested based on Reissner's small deflectlon theory which takes into account the effect of transverse shear and normal stress deformation. (auth)

An analysis was made of the problems of control and measuremeat of specimen temperature and heat generation in a NaK-filled capsule containing a fuel specimen. A specific problem is used in this report to demonstrate the large uncertainties normally encountered even in capsules containing thermocouples. This analysis indicates that an improvement by a factor of more than three (i.e., from an uncertainty of plus or minus 7O F to plus or minus 2O F in the example used) may be obtained by use of a differential- thermocouple heatflow meter and by use of a precision thermocoupleplacement clip. Since the irradiation damage suffered by fuel specimens is sensitive to small changes in temperature and burnup, improvements in precision in irradiation testing are of great importance in fuel studies. If the indicated improvement of precision by a factor of three is actually obtained when capsules of this design are irradiated, the experimenter will be able to draw much more reliable conclusions from a given testing program. (auth)

Report discussing low and high acceleration flight mechanics for interplanetary missions, as well as the energy limitation for electric propulsion systems powered by a nuclear energy source. From abstract: "An optimization procedure for low acceleration systems is given which leads to a simple relationship between mission requirements, payload fraction, power plant specific power, and exhaust velocity."

The July, 1958 monthly report for the Chemical Processing Department of the Hanford Atomic Products Operation includes information regarding research and engineering efforts with respect to the Purex and Redox process technology. Also discussed is the production operation, finished product operation, power and general maintenance, financial operation, engineering and research operations, and employee operation. (MB)

None

The following report describes two methods of extrusion cladding of uranium fuel plates that were investigated and evaluated.

Two methods for extrusion cladding were investigated and evaluated. In the coaxial method, the component parts of the extrusion assembly are concentric, and the fuel plate moves in the same direction as the hydraulicpress ram. In the right-angle method, the fuel-plate metion is perpendicular to that of the ram. Ribbed sheaths of aluminum were extruded satisfactorily on 3-in.-wide uranium plates in lengths up to about 10 ft. Lowest extrusion pressures were achieved with the most streamlined designs of mandrel tips, using flatfacod shear dies. Good results were obtained with billet and die temperatures of about 1050 deg F, at extrusion speeds up to 60 ipm. Extrusion pressures were 25,000 to 60,000 psi. End-cladding procedures were developed which involvod attaching end plates machined from aluminum powder-metallurgy products (12 to l8 wt. % Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) to the core by means of T-shapod joints, and cladding the entire assembly with aluminum. Excellent bonds were achieved, on uranium as well as on the end plugs. The median values obtained by stud weld tests were 26,000 psi for uranium, and 12,000 psi for the end plugs. The importance of proper tool alignment and avoidance of imbalance of forces caused by pressure differentials within the …

The differences in the sizes and shapes of crystals formed during four common types of thermal gradient mass transfer experiment are discussed These difference are illustrated with photograped for each case considered. A mechanism is advanced to accoutn for the of mass transfer experiment. Based on an idealized icting the stabe under various experimental conditions. Numberical n graphical form. (auth)

Evidence is presented that the hot-zone attack of nickel-base alloys in contact with fused fluorides occurs by a grain-boundary diffusion process. Predictions based on tbe grain-boundary diffustion model are shown to copmpare favorably with existting data. Certain anomalies are pointed out with regard to the corrosion of Inconel by Fuel No. 20 (NaF-UF/sub 4/-ZrF/sub 4/) and tests which would lead to a better understanding of fused-salt corrosion are outlined. (auth)

A study was made to determine the magnitude of the velocities existing in the various slurry pumps currently in use and to determine possible methods of reducing the velocities in order to obtain longer life. The maximum velocities of the lOOA, 200A, and 300A pumps are between 39 and 53.6 fps with the exception of the lOOA absolute discharge velocity which is 80.6 fps. For large slurry pumps, it is recommended that lower speeds be used in order to reduce the impeller relative velocities. (auth)

This report for June 1958, from the Chemical Processing Department at HAPO, discusses the following: Production operation; Purex and Redox operation; Finished products operation; maintenance; Financial operations; facilities engineering; research; and employee relations.

"A turbojet engine incorporating a conventional-type afterburner was operated over a range of afterburner pressure levels from 1000 to 2000 pounds per square foot absolute and a range of engine-inlet water-air ratios from 0 to 0.08. At each pressure level and water-air ratio, the afterburner fuel flow was varied from lean blowout to maximum burner-outlet temperature" (p. 1).

Report presenting testing of a turbojet engine incorporating a conventional-type afterburner over a range of afterburner pressure levels and engine-inlet water-air ratios. At each pressure level and water-air ratio, the afterburner fuel flow was varied from lean blowout to maximum burner-outlet temperature. Results regarding the effects of water vapor on engine performance, effects of water vapor on afterburner performance, and high Mach number performance with water injection are provided.

Memorandum presenting performance calculations for hypothetical hydrogen expansion engines in which only a small part of the engine airflow passes through the heat exchanger. The flight path was representative of those for long-range, high-speed aircraft. Results regarding the off-design operation and engine performance are provided.

Memorandum presenting performance calculations made for hypothetical hydrogen expansion engines in which only a small part of the engine airflow passes through the heat exchanger. The prescribed flight path was representative of those for long-range, high-speed aircraft. Results regarding the off-design operation and engine performance are provided.