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Enhanced oil recovery by CO/sub 2/ foam flooding. Annual report, October 1, 1982-September 30, 1983
The objective is to identify commercially available additives which are effective in reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide, CO/sub 2/, thereby improving its efficiency in the recovery of tertiary oil, and which are low enough in cost to be economically attractive. During the past year significant progress has been made in developing a commercial method of reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide in enhanced oil recovery processes. Four basic chemical structures, listed below, appear to show most promise for gas mobility control: (1) ethoxylated adducts of C/sub 8/ - C/sub 14/ linear alcohols; (2) sulfate esters of ethoxylated C/sub 9/ - C/sub 16/ linear alcohols; (3) low molecular weight co-polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and (4) synthetic organic sulfonates. With the exception of the sulfonates, the above types are compatible with normal oil field brines, unaffected by the presence of crude oil and stable under conditions common in a petroleum reservoir. The second significant result during the year involves identification of several sulfonate structures that have high potential for mobility control for carbon dioxide. Commercial sulfonate additives are available that appear optimum for reservoirs where freshwater will be used to inject the surfactant solution. They can also be …
Date:
December 22, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
On Cratering: A Brief History, Analysis, and Theory of Cratering
Cratering is a subject that has been studied by many investigators for many years for many purposes. These purposes range from experimental studies of physical properties to large scale excavations using explosive charges of kiloton size. In the past ten years considerable effort has been devoted to cratering experiments for the purposes of determining the effects of cratering by nuclear explosions, with recent accent on Plowshare applications. From the large amount of data available for craters in alluvian has been possible to establish very reliable relationships between charge size, depth of bursty crater radii, and crater depths. In addition it has been possible to construct a preliminary theory of the mechanics of explosive crater formation. The available experimental data for nuclear and high explosive craters are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the data for desert alluvium, and the pertinent relationships are derived. A theory of the important cratering mechanisms, which has been evolved on the basis of these data and data from other sources, is outlined. (auth)
Date:
August 22, 1961
Creator:
Nordyke, M. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EVALUATION OF ULTIMATE DISPOSAL METHOD FOR LIQUID AND SOLID RADIOACTIVE WASTES. PART I. INTERIM LIQUID STORAGE
As the first part of a study to evaluate the economics of the various steps leading to and including the permanent disposal of high-activity liquid and solid radioactive waste, costs of interim liquid storage of acid and alkaline Purex and Thorex wastes were estimated for storage times of 0.5 to 30 years. A 6- ton/day plant was assumed, processing 1500 tons/year of uranium converter fuel at a burnup of 10,000 Mwd/ton and 270 tons/year of thorium converter fuel at a burnup of 20,000 Mwd/ton. Tanks of Savannah River design were assumed, with stainless steel construction for acid wastes and mild steel construction for neutralized wastes. The operating cycle of each tank was assumed to consist of equal filling and emptying periods plus a full (or dead) period. With interim storage time defined as filling time plus full time, tank costs were minimum when full time was 40 to 70% of the interim storage time, using present worth considerations. For waste storage times of 0.5 to 30 years, costs ranged from 2.2 x 10/sup -3/ to 9.5 x 10/sup -3/ mill/kwh/sub e/ for acid wastes and from 1.7 x 10/sup -3/ to 5.1 x 10/sup -3/ mill/kwh/sub e/ for neutralized wastes. …
Date:
August 22, 1961
Creator:
Bradshaw, R.L.; Perona, J.J.; Roberts, J.T. & Blomeke, J.O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tritium half-life
Least squares analyses of calorimetric measurements made at Mound Laboratory on two tritide compounds over a period of 18 y were performed to determine the half-life of tritium. A half-life of 12.3232 +- 0.0043 mean solar years was obtained.
Date:
December 22, 1977
Creator:
Rudy, C. R. & Jordan, K. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physics of antimatter-matter reactions for interstellar propulsion
At the stage of the antiproton-nucleon annihilation chain of events relevant to propulsion the annihilation produces energetic charged pions and gamma rays. If annihilation occurs in a complex nucleus, protons, neutrons, and other nuclear fragments are also produced. The charge, number, and energy of the annihilation products are such that annihilation rocket engine concepts involving relatively low specific impulse (I/sub sp/ approx. = 1000 to 2000 s) and very high I/sub sp/ (3 x 10/sup 7/ s) appear feasible and have efficiencies on the order of 50% for annihilation energy to propulsion energy conversion. At I/sub sp/'s of around 15,000 s, however, it may be that only the kinetic energy of the charged nuclear fragments can be utilized for propulsion in engines of ordinary size. An estimate of this kinetic energy was made from known pieces of experimental and theoretical information. Its value is about 10% of the annihilation energy. Control over the mean penetration depth of protons into matter prior to annihilation is necessary so that annihilation occurs in the proper region within the engine. Control is possible by varying the antiproton kinetic energy to obtain a suitable annihilation cross section. The annihilation cross section at low energies is …
Date:
August 22, 1986
Creator:
Morgan, D.L. Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Only source of energy
Various plants that might play a role in the energy mix of the future are discussed and illustrated. Included among them are the Euphorbias and Guayule. (JGB)
Date:
March 22, 1978
Creator:
Calvin, G. J. & Calvin, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
D/sup -/ production by multiple charge-transfer collisions of low-energy D ions and atoms in cesium vapor
The production of D/sup -/ by multiple charge-transfer collisions of a D/sup +/ beam in a cesium-vapor target is considered for D/sup +/ energies above 300 eV. The cross sections relevant to D/sup -/ formation are obtained by a least-squares fit of three-charge-state differential equations to experimental yield curves. Implications for production of intense negative-ion beams are discussed, and speculations are made about extrapolation to lower engeries.
Date:
January 22, 1978
Creator:
Hooper, E. B. Jr.; Willmann, P. A. & Schlachter, A. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Enhancing the use of coals by gas reburning-sorbent injection
The objective of this project is to evaluate and demonstrate a cost effective emission control technology for acid rain precursors, oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) and sulfur (SO{sub x}), on three coal fired utility boilers in Illinois. The units selected are representative of pre-NSPS design practices; tangential, wall, and cyclone fired. The specific objectives are to demonstrate reductions of 60 percent in NO{sub x} and 50 percent in SO{sub x} emissions, by a combination of two developed technologies, gas reburning (GR) and sorbent injection (SI). With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the primary combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO{sub x} is converted to N{sub 2}. The combustion process is completed by overfire air addition. SO{sub x} emissions are reduced by injecting dry sorbents (usually calcium based) into the upper furnace, at the superheater exit or into the ducting following the air heater. The sorbents trap SO{sub x} as solid sulfates and sulfites, which are collected in the particulate control device.
Date:
December 22, 1988
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Wire Scanner for SM-1
Preliminary design concepts are presented for a wire scanner for experimentally evaluating spatial variations of neutron flux in the SM-l reactor core. Results of a literature search and determination of optimum criteria for flux mapping the core in minimum time dictated requirements for design concepts and specifications. The utility of both manually instrumented and automatically instrumented wire scanners was analyzed with respect to rapidity of measurement, selectivity of detector location, cost, value of data, plant downtime, and additional factors. (auth)
Date:
November 22, 1961
Creator:
Kemp, S. N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of low-temperature fusion neutron irradiation on critical properties of a monofilament niobium-tin superconductor
The objective of this work was to irradiate a Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductor with 14.8 MeV neutrons at 4 K and measure critical current in transverse fields of up to 12 T, irradiating up to a fluence sufficient to decrease the critical current to below its initial value. Critical temperatures were also to be measured. The samples were to be kept near 4 K between the irradiation and the measurement of critical properties. This work is directed toward establishing an engineering design fluence limit for Nb/sub 3/Sn when used in fusion reactor superconducting magnets.
Date:
March 22, 1984
Creator:
Guinan, M.W.; Van Konynenburg, R.A. & Mitchell, J.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Seismic Vibrations on the Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor
The effects of seismic vibrations on the dynamic behavior of a composite system were analyzed. The equations of motion were derived and soIved with special emphasis on determining the resulting stresses. The method of analysis thus developed was applied to the composite structure consisting of the core, pressure vessel, and supporting skirt of the Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor (EGCR). A system with three degrees of freedom was considered in order to determine the effects of an earthquake of the maximum intensity expected in the area surrounding Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The system of equations of motion was solved both numerically and analytically, and the resonant frequencies were determined. The seismic effect was shown to be small when the frequency of the seismic disturbance coincided with a natural frequency of the system. In particular, the shear stresses in the graphite core were shown to be negligible. (auth)
Date:
June 22, 1962
Creator:
Witt, F.J.; Carver, D.R. & Maxwell, R.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of Plasma Transport
This report discusses the charge-coupled device camera and other plasma diagnostic equipment used to measure plasma density and other plasma properties. (LSP)
Date:
July 22, 1991
Creator:
Malmberg, J. H.; O'Neil, T. M. & Driscoll, C. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Criminal Procedure: Brief Summaries of Major Decisions of the "Warren Court" Relating to the Rights of Persons Accused of Crime
This report discusses Supreme Court decisions made during the tenure of Earl Warren as Chief Justice from 1953 to 1969 related to criminal procedure and the rights of the accused.
Date:
August 22, 1969
Creator:
Hutton, E. Jeremy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Major Legislation Affecting Older Americans from 1960 Through 1969
This report discusses major legislation affecting older Americans that was passed from 1960 to 1969.
Date:
October 22, 1969
Creator:
Howard, Evelyn
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Discussions of the Health Care System in America: A Selected Bibliography
This report provides a bibliography of resources related to the health care system in the United States
Date:
July 22, 1970
Creator:
Cavalier, Kathleen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Political Parties in the Philippines
This report discusses the two-party stem of the Philippines republic; NP and LP party structure, Np and LP party programs, its strength and discusses U.S - Philippine relations.
Date:
April 22, 1968
Creator:
Colwell, Carolyn K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Pollution: Legislation and Programs in the Areas of Water and Air Pollution and Solid Waste Management
This report discusses past and current legislation related to air and water pollution as well as solid waste management.
Date:
May 22, 1970
Creator:
Wellman, John Douglas
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SRE CONTROL ROD SHIELDING REQUIREMENTS
Data taken on radiation traverse of the Mark 1 control rod were analyzed. Future radiation levels for all SRE control and safety rods were predicted from this. The shielding necessary to ship a complete rod and that necessary to protect a person doing maintenance work on these rods were calculated. The unshielded gamma dose rate 1 cm from the surface of the most highly activated portion of the control rod was calculated to be 5.0 x 10/sup 4/ r/hr 14 days after shutdown following an extended power run of 90 days duration. (M.C.G.)
Date:
October 22, 1957
Creator:
Whittum, H.O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a high-density energy-storage capacitor for Nova
This paper covers Maxwell's approach to developing energy storage capacitors. Based on previous capacitor designs of 3 KJ, 5 KJ and 10 KJ, the final Nova 12.5 KJ capacitor evolved. At the outset of the Nova capacitor development program, a relatively new dielectric system, polypropylene-paper-DOP, seemed to show superiority in volumetric efficiency, life, and more importantly cost. However, as a result of studies performed at Maxwell, a high-density, energy-storage capacitor was developed utilizing new high-quality, high-density paper and caster oil as the dielectric. Test data have demonstrated that the Maxwell 12.5 KJ capacitor exceeds all LLNL's qualification requirements.
Date:
October 22, 1981
Creator:
Haskell, D. K.; Cooper, R. A.; Sevigny, J. A.; Merritt, B. T.; Carder, B. M. & Whitham, K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Diamond-turning tool setting by interferogram analysis
A method was developed to establish a numerically controlled tool path with respect to the work spindle centerline. Particularly adapted to the diamond turning of optics, this method is based upon interferogram analysis and is applicable to the establishment of the work spindle centerline relative to the tool path for any center-turned optic having a well-defined vertex radius of curvature. The application reported is for an f/2 concave spherical mirror.
Date:
October 22, 1980
Creator:
Rasnick, W.H. & Yoder, R.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Addition of bromine as a diagnostic gas to inertial confinement fusion target microspheres
Currently, direct fuel rho r measurements on Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets by neutron activation of the argon tracer gas mixed with the DT fuel would require a 100 fold increase in neutron yield. Bromine, on the other hand, has excellent properties for neutron activation analysis at neutron yields of 10two' to 10/sup 8/, when present at an internal pressure of from 0.1 to 0.2 atmospheres. Bromine addition is accomplished in a 2 furnace system using the dried-gel method of microsphere production. An upper furnace operated at 1500/sup 0/C is separated from a lower furnace by a cooled zone. The lower furnace is filled with bromine gas and operated at approximately 1250/sup 0/C. The upper furnace is the glass production furnace. The cooled zone in between the upper and lower furnace is to prevent the hot bromine gas from rising into the upper furnace. The microspheres pass through the cooled zone and immediately into the 1250/sup 0/C bromine furnace where the bromine permeates into the spheres.
Date:
August 22, 1980
Creator:
Morrison, R. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arsenic Removal From Gaseous Streams
Uranium feed materials, depending on the production process, have been found to contain arsenic (As) as a contaminant. Analyses show the As to be present as As pentafluoride (AsF{sub 5}) and/or hexafluoroarsenic acid (HAsF{sub 6}) and enter the enrichment cycle through contaminated hydrogen fluoride (HF). Problems related to corrosion of cylinder valves and plugging of feed lines and valves have been attributed to the As. Techniques to separate AsF{sub 5} from uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) using sodium fluoride (NaF) as a trapping media were successful and will be discussed. Procedures to significantly reduce (up to 97%) the level of As in HF will also be reported. 5 figs., 9 tabs.
Date:
November 22, 1989
Creator:
Russell, R. G. & Otey, M. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interim Report on the Development of an Air Pulser for Pulse Column Application
The Idaho Chemical Processing Plant for several years has been studying various pulsing systems, used in extraction columns for processing irradiated nucIear fuel elements, in an effort to eliminate the mechanical difficuittes in present pulsing systems. An air puising system has been demonstrated, and a discussion is given of experimental work, pulser design, and plant operational experience with this system. It is concluded, from work completed thus far that air puising of extraction columns is a considerable improvement over other systems. (auth)
Date:
September 22, 1961
Creator:
Weech, M. E.; P'Pool, R. S. & MacQueen, D. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Injection septum magnets for the Loma Linda medical accelerator
The injection beamline runs over the last magnet before a long straight section and is then displaced downward 55.88 cm to the accelerator beamline. The displacement is magnetic and the final deflection onto the synchrotron orbit is by an electric kicker. The first component, the reverse septum magnet, bends the injection beam 25)degree) downward. This is followed by the injection septum (20)degree) bend upward) and the final injection kicker (5)degree) bend upward). The septum magnets produce a peak field of 3.4 K gauss at a current of 28,000 amperes within a 0.1 msec long pulse. The electric kicker produces a field of 7.3 KV/cm with a pulse length of 0.0011 msec. The septum magnets are similar to each other in construction with a bending radium of 72.7 cm. The curvature is required to increase the effective aperture. Each magnet has a single-turn copper coil bonded to a stainless steel plate for reinforcement. This eliminates insulating material, which could be subject to radiation damage, at the septum. The stainless steel plate is welded to the magnet laminations. The current is confined to the septum by the insulation between the laminations, which are a standard core material. The total septum thickness with …
Date:
September 22, 1987
Creator:
Satti, J.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library