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Appropriations for FY2004: VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This Report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies.
Date:
August 19, 2003
Creator:
Snook, Dennis W. & Bourdon, E. Richard
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense Department Original Transformation Proposal: Compared to Existing Law
The Department of Defense (DOD) has sent the Congress a major proposal entitled “Defense Transformation for the 21st Century Act of 2003”on April 10, 2003. This report briefly summarizes and presents all of the sections of the original DOD proposal in a side by side with the relevant provisions in current law, if they exist, that would have been affected by the proposal. The idea is to provide a “road map” that relates each section of the proposal to existing law. Provisions from the Homeland Security Act (HSA) of 2002 specific to the Department of Homeland Security are separately listed from the rest of the existing law, and are the most recently enacted changes to Title 5.
Date:
May 19, 2003
Creator:
Goldich, Robert L.; Pagliano, Gary J.; Schwemle, Barbara L. & Nicola, Thomas J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Immigration and Naturalization Service Reorganization and Related Legislative Proposals
The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), with a current annual budget of $4.3 billion, is the primary agency charged with enforcing the nation's immigration law. Regulating immigration can be viewed as having two basic components: stemming illegal immigration (enforcement) and facilitating legal immigration (service). The Administration is moving forward to restructure the agency internally by separating the agency's enforcement and service functions, but maintains that the immigration function must be managed by a single executive who can integrate immigration policy, standards, and operations. There is no statutory requirement that the Administration gain Congress's formal approval of its plan to restructure INS. Congress, however, could choose to mandate legislatively that INS be dismantled or restructured differently.
Date:
June 19, 2000
Creator:
Krouse, William J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Banking Acquisition and Merger Procedures
This report discusses in general terms the basic process and time line for banking industry acquisitions and mergers and briefly discusses the May 4, 1998 application by Travelers Group to merge with Citicorp. Among the issues discussed are: potential impact on consumers; whether the new entities would be too big to fail; and, whether competitive equity calls for financial modernization legislation with functional regulation of the securities, banking, and insurance sectors of companies offering customers a full range of financial products and services. Legislative developments on financial modernization issues in the 105th Congress are reported in CRS Issue Brief 97034, which is available on the Legislative Information System.
Date:
May 19, 1998
Creator:
Murphy, M. Maureen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Consumer Bankruptcy and Household Debt
Financial distress is most common among lower-income families, but its incidence has grown in all income brackets. This trend suggests that explanations for the rise in consumer bankruptcy filings are more likely to be found in micro-analysis of individuals and groups of debtors than in macroeconomic indicators. This report presents statistics on bankruptcy filings, household debt, and households in financial distress.
Date:
August 19, 2003
Creator:
Jickling, Mark
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Enron Collapse: An Overview of Financial Issues
This report briefly examines the accounting system that failed to provide a clear picture of the firm’s true condition, the independent auditors and board members who were unwilling to challenge Enron’s management, the Wall Street stock analysts and bond raters who missed the trouble ahead, the rules governing employer stock in company pension plans, and the unregulated energy derivatives trading that was the core of Enron’s business. The report also describes related legislation that has received floor or committee action and will be updated regularly.
Date:
March 19, 2002
Creator:
Jickling, Mark
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two Key Provisions in the Bankruptcy Reform Act Conference Report: The Homestead Exemption and Dischargeability of Liability for Violations of Laws Relating to the Provision of "Lawful Goods and Services"
None
Date:
September 19, 2002
Creator:
Jeweler, Robin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Delaney Dilemma: Regulating Pesticide Residues in Foods -- Seminar Proceedings, March 16, 1993
A provision in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Delaney Clause, appears to lower risks in the setting of tolerances for pesticide residues. It prohibits any substance from being added to processed foods if it induces cancer in man or animals. In reality, the provision created a dilemma because the zero-risk statute makes it difficult to regulate pesticides. Because of the prescription of Delaney, tolerances (legal limits) are established differently for carcinogens and non-carcinogens and in raw and processed foods.
Date:
May 19, 1993
Creator:
Vogt, Donna U.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Peanuts: Policy Issues
The 1996 omnibus farm bill (P.L. 104-127) authorizes a peanut program for the 1996-2002 crops. The program supports the incomes of producers and aims to ensure that ample supplies of peanuts are produced for the U.S. market. To accomplish this, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) supports the farm price of peanuts primarily by limiting the amount of peanuts each eligible farm can sell for domestic food use ("quota" peanuts) at a specified "high" price level. Farmers are free to sell peanuts produced in excess of their quota ("additionals"), primarily for export and crushing into peanut oil and meal. Two levels of price support are available: a high level for "quota" peanuts, and a much lower rate for "additionals."
Date:
January 19, 2001
Creator:
Jurenas, Remy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy
Foreign assistance is a fundamental component of the international affairs budget and is viewed by many as an essential instrument of U.S foreign policy. This report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign aid program, by addressing a number of the more frequently asked questions regarding the subject.
Date:
January 19, 2005
Creator:
Tarnoff, Curt & Nowels, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Horn of Africa: War and Humanitarian Crisis
An estimated 16-18 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in the Horn of Africa region. Ethiopia is by far the most affected country with an estimated 10 million people at risk. More than one million people have been displaced due to the border conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Relief and United Nations officials have not yet called the situation in Ethiopia a famine. Moreover, an estimated 3.3 million people in Kenya, 1.2 million people in Somalia, 1.3 million in Eritrea, and 150,000 in Djibouti are in need of emergency food assistance. In Sudan, an estimated 1.7 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance.
Date:
September 19, 2000
Creator:
Dagne, Theodore S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
The United States recognized the independence of all the former Soviet republics by the end of 1991, including the South Caucasus states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The United States has fostered these states' ties with the West in part to end the dependence of these states on Russia for trade, security, and other relations. The FREEDOM Support Act of 1992 provides authorization for assistance to the Eurasian states for humanitarian needs, democratization, and other purposes. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, the Administration appealed for a national security waiver of the prohibition on aid to Azerbaijan, in consideration of Azerbaijan's assistance to the international coalition to combat terrorism. Azerbaijani and Georgian troops participate in stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, and Armenian personnel serve in Iraq.
Date:
March 19, 2002
Creator:
Nichol, Jim & Kim, Julie
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations.
Date:
February 19, 2002
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japanese Lobbying and U.S. Automobile Policy
This report surveys U.S. automobile policy in the 1980s in order to clarify the effects of foreign lobbying. The conclusion is that the success of Japanese and other foreign lobbying on automobile policy has been mixed. Some decisions have gone their way; others have not. Their success is partly because they have aligned their efforts with those of powerful domestic interests.
Date:
February 19, 1993
Creator:
Nanto, Dick K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations: U.S. Officials' Attitudes on the Eve of the Clinton Administration
The U.S. officials interviewed for this study see little chance of an immediate improvement in U.S. relations with Japan over the next year. Trends in the United States and Japan in recent years have led to deepening U.S. frustrations, especially over economic issues. These developments have combined with fundamental changes (notably the collapse of the USSR) affecting U.S.-Japanese political-military ties to lead many U.S. officials to question the allocation of costs and benefits in the U.S.-Japan relationship and to press for arrangements that will alter the allocation in the interests of the United States. U.S. officials assume that their Japanese counterparts are undertaking similar reassessments.
Date:
January 19, 1993
Creator:
Sutter, Robert G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China Policy: Managing U.S.-PRC-Taiwan Relations After President Lee's Visit to the U.S.
fallout of Taiwan President Lee Teng-hui's June 1995 visit to the United States has included a carefully calibrated PRC effort to cut off or suspend contacts and communications with the United States and Taiwan over a range of important policy questions. Prospects for a resumption of these contacts are unclear, especially since domestic politics in Beijing,
Date:
June 19, 1995
Creator:
Sutter, Robert G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: International Support for U.S. Policy
Although there is a worldwide consensus that Iraq must comply with all applicable U.N. resolutions, international attitudes differ sharply on how to compel Iraq to comply with the U.N. program of eliminating Iraq's weapons of mass destruction programs. Some countries support U.S. threats to use force against Iraq as a necessary step to ensure that Iraq does not reconstitute banned weapons programs. Other countries believe that force would kill Iraqi civilians already chafing under seven years of international sanctions and could prompt Iraq to expel U.N. weapons inspectors. Meanwhile, during the week of February 23, the Senate is scheduled to consider S.Con.Res. 71, calling on the President to take all necessary and appropriate actions in response to the threat posed by Iraq's refusal to end its lethal weapons program.
Date:
February 19, 1998
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Israeli-United States Relations
None
Date:
March 19, 2002
Creator:
Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program
None
Date:
June 19, 2002
Creator:
Niksch, Larry A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Russia
Vladimir Putin, who was catapulted into the Kremlin following Boris Yeltsin's resignation, was elected President on March 26, 2000 by a solid majority that embraced his military campaign in Chechnya. Parties backing Putin did well in the December 1999 Duma election, giving Putin a stable parliamentary majority as well. Putin has moved to strengthen the central government vis-a-vis regional leaders, to bring TV and radio under tighter state control, and to modernize the armed forces. Federal forces have suppressed large-scale military resistance in Chechnya, but face the prospect of prolonged guerilla warfare.
Date:
April 19, 2001
Creator:
Goldman, Stuart D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Egypt-United States Relations
This report provides an overview of Egyptian politics and current issues in U.S.-Egyptian relations. It briefly provides a political history of modern Egypt, an overview of its political institutions, and a discussion of the prospects for democratization in Egypt, U.S.-Egyptian relations are complex and multi-faceted, and this report addresses the following current topics: the Arab-Israeli peace process, Iraq, terrorism, democratization and reform, human rights, trade, and military cooperation.
Date:
March 19, 2002
Creator:
Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations
This report briefs the context of India - U.S relations, and its bilateral issues
Date:
December 19, 2002
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Saudi Arabia: Current Issues and U.S. Relations
None
Date:
December 19, 2002
Creator:
Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-Japan Trade: Framework Talks and Other Issues
None
Date:
January 19, 1995
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library