In addition to consultations with interested organizations, data are presented for air depolarized cathode performance in caustic half cells and hydrogen depolarization of anodes for the electrowinning of zinc. Investigation with air depolarized Pt cathodes in caustic half cells include: progress of the one year old RA19 type air diffusion cathode; data involving incorporation of a Hg/HgO reference electrode into the standard hardware; studies investigating cathode loading vs. cell performance; continued evaluation of thin, porous, conducting substrates; and cathode performance as a function of electrolyte concentration. In the area of zinc electrowinning, short term tests (4 hours) with pure hydrogen feeds have been carried out under various cell operating conditions. In addition, tests with CO-containing hydrogen have been initiated utilizing different levels of carbon monoxide poison. A preliminary Economic Evaluation for Electric Energy savings versus hydrogen costs is presented.

The core safety analyses and reactivity control analyses that have been done to support safe operation of the LOFT reactor in the LOCE pre-blowdown (or pre-LOCE) operating mode (Operating Mode 8) for the L2-3 nuclear loss of coolant experiment are presented. Safety analyses done to support LOFT operation in other operating modes (Modes 5, 6, and 7) with changes in operating conditions or assumptions due to requirements for safe operation of the L2-3 test (changes from conditions or assumptions for previous safety analyses for those operating modes) are also presented. The analyses discussed herein do not include analyses for potential loss of coolant accidents, or for accidents during the LOCE blowdown mode (Mode 9), or for potential radiation releases during LOCE operation.

Parts that are manufactured with diamond tools on precision machines typically exhibit high-quality surfaces and contours; however, most materials that are diamond turned easily are also relatively soft and damage easily. Therefore, a noncontact, rotary inspection machine was developed. This machine utilizes a focused beam from a laser interferometer to measure variations in the surfaces of the reflective, spherical test parts used to characterize precision machines. Digital output data from the laser display is converted to an analog signal which is available for additional processing to provide contour and/or surface texture information.

Annual plan of the Bexar Metropolitan Criminal Justice Council for fiscal year 1980 outlining crime statistics, previous activities, and plans for the upcoming year.

A canonical resolution of the multiplicity problem was proven for U(3) and this resolution is extended to a determination of all U(n) tensor operators characterized by maximal null space. 9 references.

Clastic dikes are planar features, commonly wedge shaped in cross section, with their apices mostly downward. They are filled with clastic sediments from clay to gravel in size. Three days were spent in the Pasco Basin examining clastic dikes in 10 localities. It was clear from the field observations, summarized in the text, that the features called clastic dikes are multigenetic. Previously proposed theories of origin of the initial fractures, involving earthquakes, desiccation, deep frost cracking, thermal contraction cracking of permafrost, and upward injection of groundwater are not considered primary modes of formation of most initial cracks observed. However, the mechanism of cracking is not yet fully understood. The bulk of material filling most observed fractures came from above during aperiodic and repeated widening and concurrent filling (under an aqueous environment). No evidence for horizontal compression of the dikes or their margins was observed, as from thermal changes or wetting and drying. A loading hypothesis from catastrophic scabland floods is outlined as a possible cause for many typical clastic dikes.

The interactive effects of elevated temperatures and nutrient enrichment on periphyton communities on glass slides were studied for one year in the Flowing Streams Laboratory, operated by Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) for the Department of Energy (Figure 1). Water from a South Carolina stream called Upper Three Runs, characterized by low pH and low nutrient concentrations and with intermittent swamp drainage, was used.

Thick film coatings of beryllium, needed for the low-Z ablator layer in proposed laser fusion targets, have been prepared using high rate magnetron rf sputtering. The requirements for these Be coatings include thicknesses from 5 to 50 ..mu..m, complete freedom from surface defects, and an average surface roughness of 100 nm or less. We have sputtered very smooth, dense, thick Be films with surface roughness less than 100 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis of impurity doped films indicates an amorphous-like structure. Impurity stabilized amorphous Be with smooth surfaces is reported on both cooled copper and higher temperature glass substrates. The sputtering parameters (substrate temperature, deposition rate, argon pressure, and impurity gas levels) affecting surface roughness and film structure are discussed in terms of SEM, AES, and x-ray diffraction results.

This report gives detailed information in the form of the following chapters: (1) overview, (2) plasma physics, (3) magnets, (4) end-plug neutral beams, (5) barrier pump neutral beams, (6) ecr heating, (7) plasma direct converter, and (8) central cell. (MOW)

Four different models of the migration process have been reviewed to determine their suitability as a working model. While there are several common factors in the models additional factors are included to account for several possible effects. The detail of each model leads to a certain degree of difficulty in applying the model to the problem at hand. One model predicts that inclusions smaller than 0.1 mm dimension probably will not migrate. The other models do not consider size as a factor. Thermal diffusion (Soret effect) is considered insignificant in three models, while in the fourth model it is added to the concentration diffusion term. The following conclusions are made: (1) Temperature is the most significant parameter in all models and must be known as a function of time, and distance from the canister. (2) All four models predict about the same migration velocity for a given set of conditions. For 100/sup 0/C and 1/sup 0/C/cm thermal gradient, the individual values are 3.0, 4.8, 5.6 and 6.4 mm/y. (3) The diffusion of ions through the brine inclusions is the rate controlling mechanism. (4) The difference between the thermal gradients in the liquid and in the solid should always be considered, …

When canisters containing radwastes are emplaced in a repository the heat produced by the decaying radwaste will cause moderate thermal gradients to develop which will cause the brine present in a halite medium (salt deposits) to accumulate around the canister. Four different models of the migration process have been reviewed to determine their suitability as a working model. One model predicts that inclusions smaller than 0.1 mm dimension probably will not migrate. The other models do not consider size as a factor. Thermal diffusion (Soret effect) is considered insignificant in three models, while in the fourth model it is added to the concentration diffusion term. The following conclusions can be made: Temperature is the most significant parameter in all models and must be known as a function of time, and distance from the canister. All four models predict about the same migration velocity for it is a given set of conditions; for 100/sup 0/C and 1/sup 0/C/cm thermal gradient, it is 3.0, 4.8, 5.6 and 6.4 mm/y. Diffusion of ions through the brine inclusions is the rate controlling mechanism. The difference between the thermal gradients in the liquid and in the solid should always be considered and is a function …

A mechanical model for the emplacement pipe system is developed. The model is then employed to determine the force applied to the surface collar of the emplacement pipe, the pipe-stemming load, and the stress along the emplacement pipe as a function of stemming height. These results are presented as integrals and a method for their numerical integration is given.

Both domestic and international political feasibility studies are being conducted for sub-seabed disposal. (DLC)

A calculation has been made of the spatial distribution of NE102 scintillation light produced by recoil protons from collimated 14-MeV neutron illumination. Results were then averaged over offset circles of various radii, thus determining the fraction of the total scintillation light created inside cylindrical scintillators for uniform neutron illumination over the front face of the scintillator. The results are useful in sensitivity considerations for neutron-imaging camera design.

Welds in austenitic stainless steel pipes are notoriously difficult to nondestructively examine using conventional ultrasonic and eddy current methods. Survace irregularities and microscopic variations in magnetic permeability cause false eddy current signal variations. Ultrasonic methods have been developed which use computer processing of the data to overcome some of the problems. Electro-thermal nondestructive testing shows promise for detecting flaws that are difficult to detect using other NDT methods. Results of a project completed to develop and demonstrate the potential of an electro-thermal method for nondestructively testing stainless steel pipe welds are presented. Electro-thermal NDT uses a brief pulse of electrical current injected into the pipe. Defects at any depth within the weld cause small differences in surface electrical current distribution. These cause short-lived transient temperature differences on the pipe's surface that are mapped using an infrared scanning camera. Localized microstructural differences and normal surface roughness in the welds have little effect on the surface temperatures.

This geothermal heating system has five pumps providing heated water for: grain dryer, shop, employee's home, mobile homes, hospital barn, open feed lot sheds, and make up water pump. Included are the following: progress and cost schedules and work plan, acceptance statements, environmental baseline monitoring, construction contract with exhibits, and specifications. The specifications include: invitation to bid, instructions to bidders, bid form, band and forms, form of agreement, general conditions, and supplemental conditions, as well as specifications. The specifications cover: general requirements, site work, concrete, metals, wood, thermal and moisture protection, mechanical systems, and electrical systems. (MHR)

The Hudson-Jorgenson Energy/Economic Model - formally known as the Long Term Interindustry Transactions Model (LITM) - is an econometric model of the structure of the US economy. LITM integrates two separate models into one integrated system. These models are the Macroeconomic Model, a growth model incorporating the underlying trends of economic development, and the Interindustry Model, an endogenous coefficient input-output model of the structure of the economy incorporating patterns of expenditure, prices, and production on a sectoral basis. LITM emphasizes the energy system and its role within the economy. Applications of LITM have, therefore, focused on energy, the effect of energy changes on the economy, and the effect of econometric changes on the energy system. In addition, LITM can be used as framework for long term economic projection and structural analysis.

Coatings for laser fusion targets have been deposited in an inductively coupled discharge device by plasma polymerization. Two feed gases were used: perfluoro-2-butene, which produced a fluorocarbon coating (CF/sub 1/ /sub 3/) with a density of 1.8 g/cc, and trans-2-butene which produced a hydrocarbon coating (CH/sub 1/ /sub 3/) with a density of 1.0 g/cc. Uniform pin-hole free films have been deposited to a thickness of up to 30 ..mu..m of fluorocarbon and up to 110 ..mu..m of hydrocarbon. The effect of process variables on surface smoothness has been investigated. The basic defect in the coating has been found to result from shadowing by a small surface irregularity in an anisotropic coating flux.

The relativistic multigroup diffusion equations describing superthermal electron transport in laser fusion plasmas were derived in an earlier UCRL. A successful numerical scheme based on these equations which is now being used to model laser fusion experiments is described.

A retrofit solar water-heating system has been operating for the past two years in a three-story apartment building at Drexel University. The system employs two conventional collector banks (9 PPG collectors) mounted at the latitude angle for Philadelphia of 40 deg from the horizontal and two double-exposure collectors (DEC's) mounted vertically in mirrored enclosures. The relative performance of the conventional and double-exposure collectors has been monitored with an instrumentation system which was developed and installed in the basement of the apartment building. The DEC units have been found to provide from two to four times as much useful heat output per panel area than the PPG collectors. The higher relative performance values occur on clear winter days whereas lower relative performance values are found on clear summer days and generally overcast days. A cost analysis for a DEC unit relative to a conventional collector has also been performed. In the Philadelphia area the DEC units with their mirror enclosures would cost approximately 1.7 times as much per panel area as conventional collectors. Since the DEC units provide two to four times as much useful heat output, they are a cost-effective choice for flat or gently sloping roofs for which they …

A survey of the literature on carbonate scaling is presented as it affects geothermal fluid systems. The geothermal brine, as the fluid is called, contains a number of chemical constituents which have leached into it from the reservoir rock. As the hot fluid is withdrawn through wells, a flow of steam, water, or a mixture of steam and water, results. If the well flows at a high enough rate, some brine will flash to steam because of the pressure drop, resulting in the steam/water flow mixture. The chemical composition of the brines is tabulated as the composition of the components in the water system before flashing and the composition of the non-condensible gases after flashing. Total dissolved solids vary from that of ordinary well water to concentrated solutions as high as 40% by weight. Calcium is a major cationic constituent, and biocarbonate an important anionic constituent of the brine. Prevention/treatment techniques, specific site experimental results, and computer models are presented.

The inertia and friction-welding processes were evaluated for joining aluminum alloy 1100-H14 and Type 316 vacuum-induction melted, vacuum-arc remelted (VIM VAR) stainless steel. While both processes consistently produced joints in which the strength exceeded the strength of the aluminum base metal, 100 percent bonding was not reliably achieved with inertia welding. The deficiency points out the need for development of nondestructive testing techniques for this type of joint. Additionally, solid-state volume diffusion did not appear to be a satisfactory explanation for the inertia and friction-welding bonding mechanism.

This report defines the analytical framework for, and presents the results of, a study to determine the macroeconomic effects of increased market penetration of solar energy technologies over the 1977-2000 time period. For the purposes of this document, solar technologies are defined as wind, photovoltaics, ocean thermal electric (OTEC), small-scale (non-utility) hydroelectric and all solar active and passive thermal technologies. This research has been undertaken in support of the National Plan to Accelerate Commercialization (NPAC) of Solar Energy. The capital and operating requirements for three market penetration levels are first determined; the effects of these requirements on economic performance are then estimated using the Hudson-Jorgenson Energy/Economic Model. The analytical design, computational methods, data sources, assumptions and scenario configurations for this analysis are defined in detail. The results of the analysis of the economic impact of solar energy are presented in detail, and the implications of these results are discussed. Appendix A explains the methodology for transforming investment to capital stocks. Appendix B, which is provided in a separate volume, describes the Hudson-Jorgenson Model in greater detail. (WHK)

Recent theories in statistical mechanics and intermolecular forces are used to explain the shock-wave data of inert gases, diatomic molecules, and hydrocarbons.