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Three-dimensional linear analysis of fluid-structure interaction effects in the Mark I BWR pressure suppression torus
Most analytical and experimental approaches to the evaluation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) effects in the General Electric Mark I BWR pressure suppression system treat the torus shell as rigid when the shell in real systems is flexible. This report describes linear three-dimensional finite-element analyses of one torus bay that investigated the qualitative effect of torus wall flexibility on hydrodynamic loads induced by a nominal safety relief valve (SRV) discharge. The results of these analyses support the general conclusion drawn from earlier two-dimensional analyses. The report also discusses finite-element analyses of a 3-D representation of the earlier 2-D plane-strain model of the torus shell.
Date:
January 15, 1980
Creator:
Holman, G.S.; McCauley, E.W. & Lu, S.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emerging materials for solar cell applications. First quarter report, February 15-May 31, 1979
Work to develop the theory controlling the electroplating of a compound semiconductor on a transparent, conductive substrate and to demonstrate operative solar cells using the approach is reported. The current program is divided essentially into three paralleled team efforts. The first effort centers on refining the electroplating process at Monosolar so thicker and more uniform layers of p- or n-type cadmium telluride can be plated on both In/sub 2/O/sub 3/:Sn- and Ni- coated substrates. 1 ..mu..M thick polycrystalline films have been achieved for the first time ever without peeling problems, a thickness optimum for maximum solar absorption and economy of materials. Second, work is underway at UCLA to physically and electrically characterize the films and diodes made from them. Under proper conditions Schottky diodes with better than 10/sup 4/ rectification ratios at 1.5 V were obtained along with preliminary indications of grain sizes up to 1 ..mu..M. Measurements of these diodes revealed the presence of deep trapping level(s) that may be associated with plating process impurities that since may have been eliminated. Third, work so far on developing improved techniques for depositing ITO has been successful at UCLA in their effort to eliminate persistent problems with ITO obtained from outside …
Date:
June 15, 1979
Creator:
Rod, R.L.; Shkedi, Z.; Bunshah, R. & Stafsudd, O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of line focus solar central power systems. Volume II. Systems evaluation
An evaluation was completed to ascertain the applicability of line focus technologies to electrical power applications and to compare their performance and cost potential with point focus central receiver power systems. It was concluded that although the high temperature line focus (SRI) and fixed mirror line focus (GA) concepts duplicate the heat source characteristics and power conversion technology of the central receiver concepts these configurations do not offer a sufficient improvement in cost to warrant full scale development. The systems are, however, less complex than their point focus counterpart and should the central receiver system development falter they provide reasonable technology alternatives. The parabolic trough concept (BDM) was found to provide a low temperature technology alternative to the central receiver concept with promising performance and cost potential. Its continued development is recommended, with special emphasis on lower temperature (< 700/sup 0/F) applications. Finally, a variety of new promising line focus power system configurations were identified for a range of utility and industrial applications and recommendations were made on their implementation. This volume contains the detailed report. (WHK)
Date:
March 15, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Occurrence and use of complex resonances (poles in scattering and radiation problems)
In a wide variety of physics problems, especially those which involve wave phenomena such as in electromagnetics and acoustics, a behavior results that can be described by systems of linear (partial) differential equations. Solutions to such problems often can be expressed simply in the form of an exponential series. Some specific background material for this approach is discussed, and a variety of example applications is summarized. (WHK)
Date:
December 15, 1981
Creator:
Miller, E. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Attempt to compare two arc orbit correction schemes analytically
Consider a transport line that consists of periodic cells. Let the beam position monitors and the orbit correctors be located with the same period as the cells and let the BPM's and the corrector distributions interlace each other. The arrangement does not always provide a stable orbit correction. The criterion for stability has been derived by Joe Murray and is reproduced. We calculate the rms orbit, the effect of BPM errors and the rms corrector strength in such correction schemes, yielding analytic formulae for these quantities. We then apply these formulae to the SLC arcs.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Chao, A. & Weng, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Structural and electronic studies of defects in amorphous silicon. Technical progress report, March-May 1980
Proton magnetic resonance data are presented for plasma-deposited amorphous Si:H as a function of annealing temperature up to 650/sup 0/C. The data indicate that hydrogen diffuses internally before major evolution occurs, that transfer of hydrogen occurs from a heavily clustered phase to a dilute phase coincident with evolution and that evolution occurs initially from the heavily clustered phase. Comparison with infrared data indicates that the heavily clustered phase can be either SiH/ sub x/t = 2,3) or SiH.
Date:
July 15, 1980
Creator:
Street, R. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy conservation by hyperfiltration: food industry background literature survey
The application of hyperfiltration to selected food product streams and food processing wastewaters for energy conservation was examined. This literature survey had led to the following conclusions: no research has been conducted in the food industry using membranes with hot process streams due to the temperature limitation (< 40/sup 0/C) of the typically studied cellulose acetate membranes; based on the bench-scale research reviewed, concentration of fruit and vegetable juices with membranes appears to be technically feasible; pretreatment and product recovery research was conducted with membranes on citrus peel oil, potato processing and brine wastewaters and wheys. The experiments demonstrated that these applications are feasible; many of the problems that have been identified with membranes are associated with either the suspended solids or the high osmotic pressure and viscosity of many foods; research using dynamic membranes has been conducted with various effluents, at temperatures to approx. 100/sup 0/C, at pressures to 1200 psi and with suspended solids to approx. 2%; and, the dynamic membrane is being prototype tested by NASA for high temperature processing of shower water. The literature review substantiates potential for dynamic membrane on porous stainless tubes to process a number of hot process and effluent streams in the …
Date:
April 15, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technology of mirror machines: LLL facilities for magnetic mirror fusion experiments
Significant progress in plasma confinement and temperature has been achieved in the 2XIIB facility at Livermore. These encouraging results, and their theoretical corroboration, have provided a firm basis for the design of a new generation of magnetic mirror experiments, adding support to the mirror concept of a fusion reactor. Two new mirror experiments have been proposed to succeed the currently operating 2XIIB facility. The first of these called TMX (Tandem Mirror Experiment) has been approved and is currently under construction. TMX is designed to utilize the intrinsic positive plasma potential of two strong, and relatively small, minimum B mirror cells to enhance the confinement of a much larger, magnetically weaker, centrally-located mirror cell. The second facility, MFTF (Mirror Fusion Test Facility), is currently in preliminary design with line item approval anticipated for FY 78. MFTF is designed primarily to exploit the experimental and theoretical results derived from 2XIIB. Beyond that, MFTF will develop the technology for the transition from the present small mirror experiments to large steady-state devices such as the mirror FERF/FTR. The sheer magnitude of the plasma volume, magnetic field, neutral beam power, and vacuum pumping capacity, particularly in the case of MFTF, has placed new and exciting …
Date:
September 15, 1977
Creator:
Batzer, T. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of model reference adaptive control theory for electric power plant control applications
The scope of this effort includes the theoretical development of a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) Model Reference Control (MRC) algorithm, (i.e., model following control law), Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) algorithm and the formulation of a nonlinear model of a typical electric power plant. Previous single-input, single-output MRAC algorithm designs have been generalized to MIMO MRAC designs using the MIMO MRC algorithm. This MRC algorithm, which has been developed using Command Generator Tracker methodologies, represents the steady state behavior (in the adaptive sense) of the MRAC algorithm. The MRC algorithm is a fundamental component in the MRAC design and stability analysis. An enhanced MRC algorithm, which has been developed for systems with more controls than regulated outputs, alleviates the MRC stability constraint of stable plant transmission zeroes. The nonlinear power plant model is based on the Cromby model with the addition of a governor valve management algorithm, turbine dynamics and turbine interactions with extraction flows. An application of the MRC algorithm to a linearization of this model demonstrates its applicability to power plant systems. In particular, the generated power changes at 7% per minute while throttle pressure and temperature, reheat temperature and drum level are held constant with a reasonable level …
Date:
September 15, 1982
Creator:
Mabius, L.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improved methods to manufacture aluminum
A low-temperature (750{degrees}C) process to produce aluminum, employing dimensionally-stable electrodes, was investigated under this contract. Tests were carried out at a 10-ampere scale to develop a nonconsumable anode and to evaluate certain cell operating parameters. The work was carried out in conjunction with a NSF SBIR research grant to study the fundamental science aspects of the process. A scaled up 300-ampere cell was built and a preliminary test run was made with encouraging results. The new technology has the promise of producing aluminum at 5.0 kWh/lb as compared to the US average of about 7.5 kWh/lb, and to produce it at lower cost. Preliminary technical discussions have been held with a major US aluminum company under secrecy agreement for eventual licensing.
Date:
June 15, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development program to support industrial coal gasification. Quarterly report 1
The Development Program to Support Industrial Coal Gasification is on schedule. The efforts have centered on collecting background information and data, planning, and getting the experimental program underway. The three principal objectives in Task I-A were accomplished. The technical literature was reviewed, the coals and binders to be employed were selected, and tests and testing equipment to be used in evaluating agglomerates were developed. The entire Erie Mining facility design was reviewed and a large portion of the fluidized-bed coal gasification plant design was completed. Much of the work in Task I will be experimental. Wafer-briquette and roll-briquette screening tests will be performed. In Task II, work on the fluidized-bed gasification plant design will be completed and work on a plant design involving entrained-flow gasifiers will be initiated.
Date:
January 15, 1982
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy and protein production from pulp mill wastes. Progress report, September 15, 1977--December 15, 1977
Effort during the past quarter was directed at two specific objectives. First, the conversion of the protein production experiments from batch to continuous operation and, second, the identification of growth stimulants to increase methane yield. Early in the project, yeast production ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 grams of dry yeast per liter had been obtained in batch cultures. Highest yields were consistently attained on SSL (spent sulfite liquor) which had been ozonated for only 10 minutes. Continuous fermentation studies using three hour ozonated SSL confirmed the characteristic yields demonstrated in previous batch tests. Contamination, which occurred at residence times less than two days, appeared to decrease protein production rate and yield. Vitamins and minerals, fatty acids, and low molecular weight alcohols were investigated as possible stimulants for methane production. Only the combination of alcohol plus vitamins and minerals seemed to be effective. Stimulated production failed to achieve the 25 ml per hour rate that had randomly been exceeded many times over the past six months. Additional culture studies are planned to examine the possibility that the mixed culture, now present in the anaerobic fermenters, has degenerated slowly over the past year.
Date:
December 15, 1977
Creator:
Jurgensen, M. F. & Patton, J. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bioethical perspective on acceptable-risk criteria for nuclear-waste management
Wisely managing the profound human and environmental risks of nuclear wastes requires complex moral and ethical judgments. Whereas traditional ethics is limited to interpersonal relations, a new system of ethics--bioethics--concerns man's relation with nature. Environmentalists claim that technology has upset the balance of nature, that nature is sacred and has inviolable rights, and that man must therefore regulate his behavior to conform to earth's limited carrying capacity. They also say that Judeo-Christian monotheism and anthropocentrism have sanctioned the exploitation of nature in the West, whereas Eastern religions teach adaptation to nature. Evidence suggests, however, that the balance of nature is neither absolute nor precarious, but is continually changing. Moreover, technology has brought more good than harm to man, and man's needs should supersede nature's. Other evidence indicates that the earth's resources may be neither limited nor nearly exhausted. Persuasive arguments also demonstrate that man's relation with nature is not traceable to religious assumptions. In assessing the risks/benefits of nuclear-waste management, we should avoid risks that jeopardize the rights of future generations without imposing excessive sacrifices on the present generation.
Date:
July 15, 1977
Creator:
Maxey, M.N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tandem mirror fusion fission hybrid studies
Initial Tandem Mirror Hybrid Study predicts the ability to produce large amounts of fissile fuel (2 to 7 tonnes per year U233 from a 4000 MW plant) at a cost that adds less than 25% to the cost of power from an LWR.
Date:
February 15, 1980
Creator:
Lee, J. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Incorporation of high-level wastes in SYNROC: results from recent process-engineering studies at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
In this paper, highlights from recent engineering research and development, in particular, results from fluidized bed calcination studies of SYNROC slurry are summarized. A schematic diagram of the envisioned SYNROC process (at this stage of development) is also presented. It shows the use of a fluidized bed calciner to prepare SYNROC powder that is then fed to a storage hopper. Bellows-type canisters are filled, evacuated, sealed and preheated. The preheated canisters are loaded into a hot isotactic pressing unit where they are densified, then removed and cooled and finally loaded into a waste storage container. After sealing, this container is decontaminated and transferred to the interim storage facility and then, ultimately, to an underground repository.
Date:
April 15, 1982
Creator:
Campbell, J. H.; Hoenig, C. L.; Ackerman, F. J.; Peters, P. E. & Grens, J. Z.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cover-gas-seal component development: dynamic inflatable-plug seal improvement
This report documents the 1) radial compliance and 2) low friction coating tests conducted on the CRBRP Rotating Plug Inflatable Seals per test plan N707TR810014. Test results show that narrowing the seal blade from 0.25 to 0.12 in. will effectively reduce dynamic drag from 30 to 20 lb/ft under nominal conditions and will increase seal radial compliance from 0.12 to 0.30 in. without an unacceptable rise in dynamic drag. Tests also demonstrated that application of a teflon coating to the seal wear surface reduced breakaway drag by 25% based on results of comparison dwells.
Date:
September 15, 1977
Creator:
Horton, P.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Silicon-on ceramic process. Silicon sheet growth and device developmentt for the Large-Area Silicon Sheet Task of the Low-Cost Solar Array Project. Quarterly report No. 13, October 1-December 31, 1979
Research on the technical and economic feasibility of producing solar-cell-quality sheet silicon by coating inexpensive ceramic substrates with a thin layer of polycrystalline silicon is reported. The coating methods to be developed are directed toward a minimum-cost process for producing solar cells with a terrestrial conversion efficiency of 11 percent or greater. By applying a graphite coating to one face of a ceramic substrate, molten silicon can be caused to wet only that graphite-coated face and produce uniform thin layers of large-grain polycrystalline silicon; thus, only a minimal quantity of silicon is consumed. A variety of ceramic materials have been dip coated with silicon. The investigation has shown that mullite substrates containing an excess of SiO/sub 2/ best match the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon and hence produce the best SOC layers. With such substrates, smooth and uniform silicon layers 25 cm/sup 2/ in area have been achieved with single-crystal grains as large as 4 mm in width and several cm in length. Crystal length is limited by the length of the substrate. The thickness of the coating and the size of the crystalline grains are controlled by the temperature of the melt and the rate at which the substrate …
Date:
February 15, 1980
Creator:
Chapman, P W; Zook, J D; Grung, B L; McHenry, K & Schuldt, S B
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Immobilization of high-level defense wastes in SYNROC-D: recent research and development results on process scale-up
SYNROC is a titanate-based ceramic waste form being developed to immobilize high-level nuclear reactor wastes. SYNROC-D is a unique variation of SYNROC designed to contain high-level defense wastes, particularly those in storage at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). We review recent research and development on SYNROC-D processing options and report on work in progress on various unit operations. The overall immobilization process can be divided into three general parts: (1) slurry preparation (formulation, reactant addition and blending); (2) powder processing (spray drying, calcination/redox control); and (3) mineralization (densification). Powder processing research is directed toward development of a slurry-fed, fluidized-bed calciner based on the ICPP design. Densification research is focused on use of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or hot uniaxial pressing (HUP). The successful use of both have been demonstrated.
Date:
March 15, 1982
Creator:
Campbell, J. H.; Rozsa, R. B. & Hoenig, C. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Brayton isotope power system. Volume II. System evaluation attributes
This volume of the Brayton Isotope Power System, Phase II Plan, contains the self-evaluation by AiResearch, GE, and TECO, addressing Section 3 of The Dynamic Systems Evaluation Criteria and Procedures established by the Department of Energy. These evaluation criteria addresses: Component Feasibility; Flight System Design Performance; GDS Test Results; Reliability and Practicality; Safety; Spacecraft Integration; and Cost and Risk. Included in each of these general categories are several attributes, each of which addresses a separate component, feature, or area of interest related to the power system, its development status, degree of preparedness for proceeding into a flight program, and/or the contractors' performance during Phase I. The key elements which indicate the readiness of a radioisotope power system to progress into a flight qualification program are: an advanced state of development of the power conversion system; demonstrated or exhibited potential for space systems standards of reliability; evident capability of meeting system safety requirements; favorable cost/benefit tradeoff considering projected missions and technology advancement potential; and proven feasibility of fabricating and qualifying a flight system and integrating it with a candidate spacecraft and launch vehicle. As a result of considerable government investment in Brayton system component development, the MHW isotope heat source and …
Date:
March 15, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The limnology of L Lake: Results of the L-Lake monitoring program, 1986--1989
L Lake was constructed in 1985 on the upper regions of Steel Creek, SRS to mitigate the heated effluents from L Reactor. In addition to the NPDES permit specifications (Outfall L-007) for the L-Reactor outfall, DOE-SR executed an agreement with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC), that thermal effluents from L-Reactor will not substantially alter ecosystem components in the approximate lower half of L Lake. This region should be inhabited by Balanced (Indigenous) Biological Communities (BBCs) in accordance with Section 316(a) of the Pollution Control (Clean Water) Act (Public Law 92-500). In response to this requirement the Environmental Sciences Section/Ecology Group initiated a comprehensive biomonitoring program which documented the development of BBCs in L Lake from January 1986 through December 1989. This report summarizes the principal results of the program with regards to BBC compliance issues and community succession in L Lake. The results are divided into six sections: water quality, macronutrients, and phytoplankton, aquatic macrophytes, zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, fish, and community succession. One of the prime goals of the program was to detect potential reactor impacts on L Lake.
Date:
December 15, 1991
Creator:
Bowers, J.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of Monte Carlo codes to neutron dosimetry
In neutron dosimetry, calculations enable one to predict the response of a proposed dosimeter before effort is expended to design and fabricate the neutron instrument or dosimeter. The nature of these calculations requires the use of computer programs that implement mathematical models representing the transport of radiation through attenuating media. Numerical, and in some cases analytical, solutions of these models can be obtained by one of several calculational techniques. All of these techniques are either approximate solutions to the well-known Boltzmann equation or are based on kernels obtained from solutions to the equation. The Boltzmann equation is a precise mathematical description of neutron behavior in terms of position, energy, direction, and time. The solution of the transport equation represents the average value of the particle flux density. Integral forms of the transport equation are generally regarded as the formal basis for the Monte Carlo method, the results of which can in principle be made to approach the exact solution. This paper focuses on the Monte Carlo technique.
Date:
June 15, 1982
Creator:
Prevo, C.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(Performance evaluation of fabric bug filters on a bench-scale coal gasifier)
The objective of this proposed work is to demonstrate the operational and economic feasibility of using high-temperature ceramic filters for particulate control in a variety of coal gasification power generating systems.
Date:
April 15, 1986
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactor Development Program Progress Report, September 1962
Progress is reported on development of liquid metal and water cooled reactors. Details are included concerning the EBWR, Borax V, ZPR-III, ZPR-VI, AFSR, EBR-I, EBR-II, and FARET. Developments in general reactor technology are reported in applied reactor physics, reactor fuel and components development, heat engineering, and chemical separations. Advanced systems research and development was devoted to the Argonne Advanced Research Reactor and a conduction- cooled reactor to substitute for isotope heat sources. Safety studies are reported on thermal and fast reactors. (J.R.D.)
Date:
October 15, 1962
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of deposition for power-plant molten-carbonate fuel cells
Particulate deposition in molten carbonate fuel cell anodes is addressed for operation with future coal gasification power plants. Power plant systems factors affecting deposition are explored such as gas cleanup requirements for particulate removal and gasifier product gas composition differences for various gasifier types and operational modes (air blown versus oxygen blown). Effects of fuel cell characteristics (including average cell current density and fuel utilization) on anode deposition are also quantified. Particulate effects on molten carbonate fuel cell anode performance may not be as detrimental as perhaps perceived in the past. Gas cleanup to remove virtually all particles larger than one micron in diameter is expected to prevent or at least greatly reduce anode deposition. However, cathode deposition in molten carbonate fuel cells should be evaluated in the future since cathodes are likely more prone to deposition than anodes even though cathode channel particle concentrations are much lower.
Date:
March 15, 1982
Creator:
Wenglarz, R. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library