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Hazards Response of Energetic Materials - Initiation Mechanisms, Experimental Characterization, and Development of Predictive Capability
We present our approach to develop a predictive capability for hazards -- thermal and non-shock impact -- response of energetic material systems based on: (A) identification of relevant processes; (B) characterization of the relevant properties; (C) application of property data to predictive models; and (D) application of the models into predictive simulation. This paper focuses on the first two elements above, while a companion paper by Nichols et al focuses on the final two elements. We outline the underlying mechanisms of hazards response and their interactions, and present our experimental work to characterize the necessary material parameters, including thermal ignition, thermal and mechanical properties, fracture/fragmentation behavior, deflagration rates, and the effect of material damage. We also describe our validation test, the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment. Finally, we integrate the entire collection of data into a qualitative understanding that is useful until such time as the predictive models become available.
Date:
April 15, 2005
Creator:
Maienschein, J; Nichols, A., III; Reaugh, J; McClelland, M & Hsu, P C
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sequestering Carbon Dioxide in Coalbeds
The authors' long term goal is to develop accurate prediction methods for describing the adsorption behavior of gas mixtures on solid adsorbents over complete ranges of temperature, pressure and adsorbent types. The major objectives of the project are to: (1) measure the adsorption behavior of pure CO{sub 2}, methane, nitrogen and their binary and ternary mixtures on several selected coals having different properties at temperatures and pressures applicable to the particular coal being studied, (2) generalize the adsorption results in terms of appropriate properties of the coals, to facilitate estimation of adsorption behavior for coals other than those studied experimentally, (3) delineate the sensitivity of the competitive adsorption of CO{sub 2}, methane and nitrogen to the specific characteristics of the coal on which they are adsorbed; establish the major differences (if any) in the nature of this competitive adsorption on different coals, and (4) test and/or develop theoretically-based mathematical models to represent accurately the adsorption behavior of mixtures of the type for which measurements are made. The specific accomplishments of this project during this reporting period are summarized below in three broad categories outlining experimentation, model development, and coal characterization. (1) Experimental Work: Our adsorption apparatus was reassembled, and all …
Date:
June 15, 2001
Creator:
Gasem, K. A. M.; Robinson, R. L., Jr. & Radovic, L. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sequestering Carbon Dioxide in Coalbeds
During the present reporting period, six complementary tasks involving experimentation, model development, and coal characterization were undertaken to meet our project objectives: (1) A second adsorption apparatus, utilizing equipment donated by BP Amoco, was assembled. Having confirmed the reliability of this additional experimental apparatus and procedures, adsorption isotherms for CO{sub 2}, methane, ethane, and nitrogen on wet Fruitland coal and on activated carbon were measured at 319.3 K (115 F) and pressures to 12.4 MPa (1800 psia). These measurements showed good agreement with our previous data and yielded an expected uncertainty of about 3%. The addition of this new facility has allowed us to essentially double our rate of data production. (2) Adsorption isotherms for pure CO{sub 2}, methane, and nitrogen on wet Illinois-6 coal and on activated carbon were measured at 319.3 K (115 F) and pressures to 12.4 MPa (1800 psia) on our first apparatus. The activated carbon measurements showed good agreement with literature data and with measurements obtained on our second apparatus. The expected uncertainty of the data is about 3%. The Illinois-6 adsorption measurements are a new addition to the existing database. Preparations are underway to measure adsorption isotherms for pure methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen …
Date:
June 15, 2001
Creator:
Gasem, K. A. M.; Robinson, R. L., Jr. & Radovic, L. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermostabilization of desulfurization enzymes from Rhodococcos sp. IGTS8. Final technical report
The objective of this project was to develop thermophilic cultures capable of expressing the desulfurization (dsz) operon of Rhodococcus sp. IGTS8. The approaches taken in this project included the development of plasmid and integrative expression vectors that function well in Thermus thermophilus, the cloning of Rhodococcus dsz genes in Thermus expression vectors, and the isolation of bacterial cultures that express the dsz operon at thermophilic temperatures. This project has resulted in the development of plasmid and integrative expression vectors for use in T. thermophilus. The dsz genes have been expressed at moderately thermophilic temperatures (52 C) in Mycobacterium phlei and at temperatures as high as 72 C in T. thermophilus. The tools and methods developed in this project will be generally useful for the expression of heterologous genes in Thermus. Key developments in the project have been the isolation of a Mycobacterium phlei culture capable of expressing the desulfurization operon at 52 C, development of plasmid and integrative expression vectors for Thermus thermophilus, and the development of a host-vector system based on the malate dehydrogenase gene that allows plasmids to be stably maintained in T. thermophilus and provides a convenient reporter gene for the accurate quantification of gene expression. Publications …
Date:
December 15, 2000
Creator:
Kilbane, John J., II
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Center for Advanced Signal and Imaging Sciences Workshop 2004
Welcome to the Eleventh Annual C.A.S.I.S. Workshop, a yearly event at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, presented by the Center for Advanced Signal & Image Sciences, or CASIS, and sponsored by the LLNL Engineering Directorate. Every November for the last 10 years we have convened a diverse set of engineering and scientific talent to share their work in signal processing, imaging, communications, controls, along with associated fields of mathematics, statistics, and computing sciences. This year is no exception, with sessions in Adaptive Optics, Applied Imaging, Scientific Data Mining, Electromagnetic Image and Signal Processing, Applied Signal Processing, National Ignition Facility (NIF) Imaging, and Nondestructive Characterization.
Date:
November 15, 2004
Creator:
McClellan, J. H.; Carrano, C.; Poyneer, L.; Palmer, D.; Baker, K.; Chen, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Piecewise linear discretization of Symbolic Implicit Monte Carlo radiation transport in the difference formulation
We describe a Monte Carlo solution for time dependent photon transport, in the difference formulation with the material in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), that is piecewise linear in its treatment of the material state variable. Our method employs a Galerkin solution for the material energy equation while using Symbolic Implicit Monte Carlo (SIMC) to solve the transport equation. In constructing the scheme, one has the freedom to choose between expanding the material temperature, or the equivalent black body radiation energy density at the material temperature, in terms of finite element basis functions. The former provides a linear treatment of the material energy while the latter provides a linear treatment of the radiative coupling between zones. Subject to the conditional use of a lumped material energy in the vicinity of strong gradients, possible with a linear treatment of the material energy, our approach provides a robust solution for time dependent transport of thermally emitted radiation that can address a wide range of problems. It produces accurate results in the diffusion limit.
Date:
November 15, 2005
Creator:
Brooks, E. D., III; Szoke, A. & Peterson, J. D. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Marginal Stability Boundaries for Infinite-n Ballooning Modes in a Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator
A method for computing the ideal-MHD stability boundaries in three-dimensional equilibria is employed. Following Hegna and Nakajima [Phys. Plasmas 5 (May 1998) 1336], a two-dimensional family of equilibria are constructed by perturbing the pressure and rotational-transform profiles in the vicinity of a flux surface for a given stellarator equilibrium. The perturbations are constrained to preserve the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium condition. For each perturbed equilibrium, the infinite-n ballooning stability is calculated. Marginal stability diagrams are thus constructed that are analogous to (s; a) diagrams for axisymmetric configurations. A quasi-axisymmetric stellarator is considered. Calculations of stability boundaries generally show regions of instability can occur for either sign of the average magnetic shear. Additionally, regions of second-stability are present.
Date:
September 15, 2003
Creator:
Hudson, S. R. & Hegna, C. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Structure, Vibrational and Electronic Spectra of Heterofullerene C48(BN)6
We report the geometrical structure, vibrational, and excitation spectra of novel, fullerene - analog C{sub 48}(BN){sub 6} using density functional calculations. The lowest energy structure is one in which B-N bonding is present as boron and nitrogen occupy each of the twelve pentagons of the fullerene cage. The cluster is polar with a net dipole moment of 0.55 Debye, which indicates an enhanced tendency toward reactivity with other media. The excitation spectrum shows that the lowest transition of 1.75 eV is dipole-allowed. The optical gap of C{sub 48}(BN){sub 6} is redshifted by 1.17 eV relative to that of C{sub 60}, suggesting possible use as single-molecule fluorescent probes for various applications.
Date:
January 15, 2004
Creator:
Manaa, M R; Xie, R & Smith, V. H., Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses
This CRS Report for Congress contains descriptions of U.S. policy response, legislation, and sanctions pertaining to Iran. Updated April 15, 2005.
Date:
April 15, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union 1991-2001: A History of Administration and Congressional Action
None
Date:
January 15, 2002
Creator:
Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations
This report summarizes India-US relations from 1947 in preparation for the 2004 National elections, including information about bilateral relations, nuclear testing, separatist movements, and human rights issues.
Date:
July 15, 2003
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lebanon: The Israel-Hamas-Hezbollah Conflict
This report analyzes the conflict between Israel and two U.S State Department-designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTO's), the Lebanese Shiite Muslim group Hezbollah and the radical Palestinian Hamas organization.
Date:
September 15, 2006
Creator:
Sharp, Jeremy M.; Blanchard, Christopher M.; Katzman, Kenneth; Migdalovitz, Carol; Prados, Alfred; Gallis, Paul E. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
80th Texas Legislature, Regular Session, House Bill 3158, Chapter 1365
Bill introduced by the Texas House of Representatives relating to the name, powers, and board of directors of the Chambers County-Cedar Bayou Navigation District.
Date:
June 15, 2007
Creator:
Texas. Legislature. House of Representatives.
Object Type:
Legislative Document
System:
The Portal to Texas History
CHEMICAL FIXATION OF CO2 IN COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS AND RECYCLING THROUGH BIOSYSTEMS
This Annual Technical Progress Report presents the principle results in enhanced growth of algae using coal combustion products as a catalyst to increase bicarbonate levels in solution. A co-current reactor is present that increases the gas phase to bicarbonate transfer rate by a factor of five to nine. The bicarbonate concentration at a given pH is approximately double that obtained using a control column of similar construction. Algae growth experiments were performed under laboratory conditions to obtain baseline production rates and to perfect experimental methods. The final product of this initial phase in algae production is presented. Algal growth can be limited by several factors, including the level of bicarbonate available for photosynthesis, the pH of the growth solution, nutrient levels, and the size of the cell population, which determines the available space for additional growth. In order to supply additional CO2 to increase photosynthesis and algal biomass production, fly ash reactor has been demonstrated to increase the available CO2 in solution above the limits that are achievable with dissolved gas alone. The amount of dissolved CO2 can be used to control pH for optimum growth. Periodic harvesting of algae can be used to maintain algae in the exponential, rapid …
Date:
December 15, 2003
Creator:
Copeland, C. Henry; Pier, Paul; Whitehead, Samantha; Enlow, Paul; Strickland, Richard & Behel, David
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library