The purpose of this contract effort is to understand how nonfuel components of coal will affect the electron and alkali seed chemistry in a high temperature coal combustion system like that envisioned for direct fired MHD generators. Three specific problems are being considered during this contract period. The first problem area is to characterize the formation of negative ions due to electron attachment processes in the combustion flow. While some stable negative ions may be formed from hydrocarbon combustion species (OH/sup -/), the bulk of the stable negative ions are expected to be formed from oxidized inorganic coal slag constituents (BO/sup -//sub 2/, PO/sup -//sub 2/, AlO/sup -//sub 2/, etc). Negative ion formation can reduce the conductivity of the MHD plasma, particularly at the low temperature end of the MHD channel, thus decreasing the efficiency of power generation. The second problem area involves the role slag condensation may play in determining the electron density through recombination, also adversely affecting conductivity in the core flow. The competitive balance between thermionic emission from slag droplets and electron/ion recombination on the droplet surfaces may be severely tipped in favor of electron loss processes, depending on the slag properties. The third problem area is …

Efforts at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory toward the production of pure polycrystaline silicon are centered on the concept of silicon particle growth in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) and a continuous flow pyrolyzer (CFP). The CFP possibly can provide the seed particles which will be grown to larger sizes in the FBR. In both the reactors polycrystalline silicon is obtaned from the pyrolysis of silane. A part of the JPL effort is to develop a model of silicon particle growth for the purpose of predicting particle growth rates and product particle size distributions in the FBR and the CFP. This repot describes the mathematical models of silicon particle growth in the FBR and the CFP.

The impacts described here for 1985 and 1990 are based on a national energy projection which assumes medium energy demand and fuel supply through 1990 but does not incorporate the policies of the National Energy Act (NEA). This scenario, referred to as the Projection Series C or the TRENDLONG MID-MID scenario, is one of six possible energy futures developed by the DOE Energy Information Administration for the Department's 1977 Annual Report to Congress. It was chosen as representative of the official DOE national energy projections when this project was initiated, prior to the passage of the National Energy Act. Since the RIIA program is part of an ongoing review of the regional impact of energy policies, the next phase will examine the National Energy Act (NEA) and initiatives suggested by the President's second National Energy Plan. However, since coal utilization increases under the NEA, in general, impacts identified in the TRENDLONG Series C Scenario should provide a framework for the discussion of impacts by NEA. The environmental impacts discussed in this volume are for Federal Region I (Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut). However, there are nine companion volumes, one for each of the other Federal Regions.

Thermochemical equilibrium computations for the preparation of silicon (Si) by the reaction between sodium (Na), either liquid or vapor, with silicon tetrafluoride (SiF/sub 4/) and silicon tetrachloride (SiCl/sub 4/) are presented. Computations indicate that SiF/sub 4/ reacts with either liquid or gaseous Na to produce temperatures sufficiently high to form molten Si. Liquid Na reacts with SiF/sub 4/ to produce substantially higher Si yields than does the free combustion reaction with Na vapor; however, the Na vapor/SiF/sub 4/ reaction, if temperature-constrained at the Si melting point, produces an expected Si yield close to 100%. A stoichiometric mixture of liquid Na and SiCl/sub 4/ vapor reacts to produce liquid Si, gaseous sodium chloride (NaCl), and a small concentration of Si subhalides. Gaseous Na, however, reacts with SiCl/sub 4/ to form entirely gaseous reaction products and a high yield of Si (liquid) but subhalide concentrations are greater than when liquid Na is used. The reactions of a number of impurity elements in Na, during the course of the Na-Si halide reaction, have been described. Of those considered, only calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and strontium (Sr) are expected to co-exist to any extent in Na vapor and none is expected to …

A computer-assisted thermochemical equilibrium analysis was conducted for the silicon transport reaction: Si(s) + SiF/sub 4/(g) = (intermediates) = Si(s) + SiF/sub 4/(g). The calculations indicated that a substantial transport rate should be possible at temperatures of 1700/sup 0/K and one atmosphere pressure. Computations were made to determine whether the elemental impurities present in metallurgical-grade silicon would transfer in this process. It was concluded that aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zirconium would not transfer, but that boron, magnesium, phosphorus, and titanium would transfer.

This report is the first in a series and details the results accomplished under the following tasks: (1) evaluation of existing passive solar calculation methods, (2) BLAST/DOE-1 program interface and comparison with BR-202, and (3) development of analytic relationships between the thermal balance and weighting factor techniques. The various methods available for use in thermal load analysis are presented with detailed informaton on algorithms used in the thermal balance and weighting factor techniques. (MOW)

In growth station JPL No. 1 the work during this quarter centered around trying to evaluate any influences on ribbon quality which might be caused by various materials of construction which are used in the growth furnace. At the present level of ribbon quality, which has produced 8.5% to 9.5% efficient solar cells, no particular influence of any furnace part was detected. The experiments rather led to the suspicion that the general environment and the somewhat unoptimized materials handling procedures might be responsible for the current variations in ribbon quality and that, therefore, continuous work with this furnace under rather more stringent environmental conditions and operating procedures could perhaps improve materials quality to some extent. The work on Machine 3A (the multiple furnace) was continued with two multiple growth runs being performed. In these runs, the melt replenishment system performed poorly and extensive modifications to it have been designed to make reliable melt feeding for five ribbon growth possible. Although in the first quality assessment runs ever performed with the melt replenishment system diffusion lengths nearly as great as those found in non-melt replenished runs were found, we have not yet apparently identified all the factors affecting SiC density in …

The structure and electrical activity of planar defects in EFG Silicon was investigated by optical, electron beam induced current (EBIC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). What appears to be twin boundaries by both optical microscopy + etching, and by EBIC are in reality systems of microtwins, some of which are only a few atomic lattice planes thick. The electrical activity of planar defects appears to be correlated with emission of dislocations especially at termination points. Impurity effects may also play a role. Twin boundaries per se appear not to be electricaly active.

The Fusion Materials Irradiation Test Facility (FMIT) is a high-energy, high-flux neutron source for fusion materials development. The FMIT linear accelerator will produce a 35 MeV beam of deuterons that generates high-energy neutrons by a nuclear stripping reaction with flowing liquid lithium targets. The targets will be located in two identical irradiation test cells, either of which will provide an irradiation volume of 10 cm/sup 3/ at a neutron flux of 10/sup 15/ n/cm/sup 2/-s and 500 cm/sup 3/ at a flux of 10/sup 14/ n/cm/sup 2/-s. FMIT has been authorized by the US Congress and will be constructed and operated by the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) at Richland, Washington, in collaboration with the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) which is providing the accelerator design. The project is currently entering the detailed design phase, targeting for start of construction in early 1980 and operaion in 1983-84. Research and development programs are underway at both HEDL and LASL to resolve uncertainties in the lithium target and accelerator designs.

Geothermal state-of-the-art is described including geothermal resources, technology, and institutional, legal, and environmental considerations. The way geothermal energy may evolve in the United States is described; a series of plausible scenarios and the factors and policies which control the rate of growth of the resource are presented. The potential primary and higher order impacts of geothermal energy are explored, including effects on the economy and society, cities and dwellings, environmental, and on institutions affected by it. Numerical and methodological detail is included in appendices. (MHR)

This program has the objective of determining the relationships between the shale characteristics, hydrocarbon gas contents, and well location, and thereby provide a sound basis for (1) assessing the productive capacity of the Eastern Devonian Gas Shale deposits and (2) guiding research, development, and demonstration projects to enhance the recovery of natural gas from the shale deposits. The Y-1 well in Allegany County, New York was sampled in September 1978. 412 samples were collected from the Allegany County, New York well. Characterization data on Y-1 (EGSP New York No. 1), Allegany County, New York well is reported and discussed. Analysis of the hydrocarbon gases in Y-1 samples indicates that the longer chain hydrocarbon gases (ethane, propane, butane) in these shales are significantly higher than in previous wells. The carbon contents of the Y-1 (Allegany County, New York) well, on the other hand, are somewhat lower than predicted from the hydrocarbon gas contents. There is still a positive relationship between the carbon and hydrocarbon gas contents, however. A similar relationship is also apparent between the sulfur and hydrocarbon gas contents. No unusual trends are observed in the porosity values, and a reasonable agreement exists between the measured Hg-intrusion values and those …

Conceptual designs and capital cost estimates were completed for the six different Heber power plants in this study. The six plants involve two types of operating modes, constant geothermal fluid flow rate and constant power output, each for net capacities of 50, 100, and 200 MWe. Conceptual designs were completed for the six plants by modifying and scaling-up the base case design. The capital costs for all six plants were estimated in fourth-quarter 1976 dollars.

A program to design, fabricate, and verify by test a low-cost (in volume production), modularized, practical solar air heater adaptable for new or retrofit space-heating and hot-water applications is described. The unique hardware elements of the SOLAIR II medium-temperature air heater described are the TCA solar collectors, energy transfer module, interconnecting ductwork, and mounting hardware. SOLAIR II is a two-tank domestic hot-water-augmented system. The system is described in detail; market and design analyses are described; fabrication procedures are noted; and design verification tests and results are discussed. The design used for the pre-production lot was essentially the SOLAIR II design and will serve as the basis for future design evaluations as the product is introduced into the commercial market.

Analytical procedures were refined for the Structural Assessment Approach for assessing the Material Control and Accounting systems at facilities that contain special nuclear material. Requirements were established for an efficient, feasible algorithm to be used in evaluating system performance measures that involve the probability of detection. Algorithm requirements to calculate the probability of detection for a given type of adversary and the target set are described.

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, John L. Hill, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Employment as a probation officer and college instructor.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Crawford Martin, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Liability of medical fraternities at University of Texas Medical School at Galveston for ad valorem taxes.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, John L. Hill, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; The Authority of a county clerk to issue a marriage license to a recently divorced party before the expiration of the 30-day waiting period set out in section 3.66 of the Texas Family Code.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, John L. Hill, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Meaning of penal statute concerning importation of minors for "placing out." V.T.C.S., art. 695a, secs. 6 and 7.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, John L. Hill, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether a peace officer's destruction of an arrest record pursuant to an official expungement policy is an offense under section 37.10, Penal Code.

The spectra, angular distribution, and polarization functions of synchrotron radiation are tabulated in parametric form. Numerous graphs of the functions are included, and these can be used for rapid estimation of photon flux as a function of the various parameters. The extended synchrotron radiation source is described, and the exact, but unintegrable, equations are derived. Properties of this source depend upon at least nine parameters. An approximation of the source accurate enough for estimating flux in optical instruments is developed. Power and power density in the radiation beam are described and convenient approximations are developed. Simple optical transformations are used to illustrate some of the important properties of the extended source.

Compressive creep tests were performed on molybenum samples exposed to four different pre-test conditions: (1) annealed; (2) annealed and neutron irradiated at 480/sup 0/C to a fluence of 5 x 10/sup 19/ n cm/sup -2/ (E > 1 MeV); (3) stress-relieved; and (4) stress-relieved and neutron irradiated at reactor ambient temperature to a fluence of 1 x 10/sup 19/ n cm/sup -2/ (E > 1 MeV). The tests were performed in the temperature range of 600 to 900/sup 0/C with an initial applied stress of 176.5 MPa. Both pre- and post-test specimens were examined using electron microscopy and the relationship between substructure and mechanical properties is discussed. Possible controlling mechanisms of deformation are proposed and activation energies for creep are determined.

During the past contract period, this research has been concerned with three principal tasks, namely: (1) Fusion-product studies. The primary objective of this work is to study potential effects (e.g. instabilities, changes in heating profile and wall loadings, etc.) caused by high-energy fusion products. A second objective is to establish the operating conditions and measurements required for use of D-/sup 3/He in early experiments such as TFTR to simulate D-T burns. (2) Mirror system studies. The objective of this work is to provide specialized support for the mirror research and development effort at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Three topics are under study: charge-exchange losses during neutral beam injection; the dynamics of plasma build-up during start-up; new approaches to mirror systems such as the ''twin-beam'' mirror. (3) Exploratory studies. Several new studies have been initiated during this period. These include: extension of the mirror neutral-beam injection studies to toroidal geometry and preliminary studies of reversed field configurations. Further details about each of these areas are contained in subsequent sections.

Quantitative estimations are made for the atmospheric dispersion of gases, heat, and noise due to geothermal energy sources in Southern California's Imperial Valley. In particular, gas concentration per unit source strength, change in mixing ratio, relative humidity, temperature, and the ratio of heat flux to solar constant are calculated. The possibility of atmospheric refraction of source noise is also considered.

A time-limited signal which, when passed through a linear system, maximizes the total output energy is considered. Previous work has shown that the solution is given by the eigenfunction associated with the maximum eigenvalue in a Hilbert-Schmidt integral equation. Analytical results are available for the case where the transfer function is a low-pass filter. This work is extended by obtaining a numerical solution to the integral equation which allows results for reasonably general transfer functions.