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The International Society for Exposure Analysis (ISEA) and its Nomenclature Committee have been involved since the mid-1990s in an intermittent but ongoing effort to develop an official ISEA glossary. Several related activities have stimulated greater interest and discussion nationally and internationally on a common exposure language. Among these activities are a 1997 Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology feature article on exposure and dose definitions and a 1999-initiated project of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (WHO/ILO/UNEP) to confront terminology issues hindering harmonization in the area of exposure assessment. Recently the ISEA members voted in support of adopting the IPCS glossary as the official ISEA glossary, and the ISEA Executive Board agreed to accept this recommendation. In this feature article we (1) describe the process through which the ISEA adopted the IPCS glossary as the official ISEA glossary, (2) present the joint IPC S/ISEA glossary of terms and their definitions, and (3) discuss plans for how the glossary can be used by ISEA and updated over time by ISEA and IPCS. The glossary is intended to be a living document that reflects the latest usage and maintains international harmonization of exposure terminology that can be practically applied to …

In this paper, we report on recent advances in strong-strong beam-beam simulation. Numerical methods used in the calculation of the beam-beam forces are reviewed. A new computational method to solve the Poisson equation on nonuniform grid is presented. This method reduces the computational cost by a half compared with the standard FFT based method on uniform grid. It is also more accurate than the standard method for a colliding beam with low transverse aspect ratio. In applications, we present the study of coherent modes with multi-bunch, multi-collision beam-beam interactions at RHIC. We also present the strong-strong simulation of the luminosity evolution at KEKB with and without finite crossing angle.

High-trapping efficiency and narrow energy spread in a staged laser acceleration system was demonstrated during the Staged Electron Laser Acceleration (STELLA) experiment. The experiment used inverse free electron lasers (IFEL) driven by the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) CO{sub 2} laser. The 1st IFEL modulated the electron beam energy. A subsequent chicane created a train of {approx}3 fs-long microbunches separated by 10.6 microns. These microbunches are trapped and accelerated in a 2nd IFEL where up to 80% trapping efficiencies and energy spreads down to 0.36% (1-{delta}) were measured. This paper presents additional model comparisons with the data, and discusses the strengths and limitations of the model.

Atomic-, molecular- and excimer-gas lasers employ variety of pumping schemes including electric discharge, optical, or chemical reactions and cover a broad spectral range from UV to far-IR. Several types of gas lasers can produce multi-kilojoule pulses and kilowatts of average power. Among them, excimer- and high-pressure molecular lasers have sufficient bandwidth for generating pico- and femtosecond pulses. Projects are underway and prospects are opening up to bring ultrafast gas laser technology to the front lines of advanced accelerator applications.

The authors present the results of narrow-band and broad-band imaging with the Very Large Telescope of the field surrounding the radio galaxy TN J0924-2201 at z = 5.2. 14 candidate Ly{alpha} emitters with an observed equivalent width of at least 124 {angstrom} were detected. Spectroscopy of 8 of these objects revealed 6 having redshifts similar to that of the radio galaxy. The density of emitters near the radio galaxy is a factor 3-4 higher than in the field, and comparable to the density of Ly{alpha} emitters in the protocluster 1338-1942 at z = 4.1. The Ly{alpha} emitters near TN J0924-2201 could therefore be part of a structure that will evolve into a 10{sup 15} M{sub {circle_dot}} cluster. These observations confirm that substantial clustering of Ly{alpha} emitters occur at z > 5 and strengthen the idea that radio galaxies in the early Universe pinpoint regions of high density.

An ablative capillary discharge is installed into a linac beamline and serves as a plasma source for generating and characterizing wakefields. Simultaneously, the electron beam is used as a tool for plasma diagnostics. A high-energy picosecond CO{sub 2} laser channeled within the same capillary strongly affects a counterpropagating electron beam. These observations, supported with simulations, suggest the possibility of manipulating relativistic electron beams by steep plasma channels ponderomotively produced by a laser.

Current solutions to integrating private data with public data have provided useful privacy metrics, such as relative information gain, that can be used to evaluate alternative approaches. Unfortunately, they have not addressed critical performance issues, especially when the public database is very large. The use of hashes and noise yields better performance than existing techniques while still making it difficult for unauthorized entities to distinguish which data items truly exist in the private database. As we show here, leveraging the uncertainty introduced by collisions caused by hashing and the injection of noise, we present a technique for performing a relational join operation between a massive public table and a relatively smaller private one.

For the first time laser activity has been achieved in the low phonon energy, moisture-resistant bromide host crystals, neodymium-doped potassium lead bromide (Nd{sup 3+}:KPb{sub 2}Br{sub 5}) and rubidium lead bromide (Nd{sup 3+}:RbPb{sub 2}Br{sub 5}). Laser activity at 1.07 {micro}m was observed for both crystalline materials. Laser operation at the new wavelengths 1.18 {micro}m and 0.97 {micro}m resulting from the {sup 4}F{sub 5/2} + {sup 2}H{sub 9/2} {yields} {sup 4}I{sub J} transitions (J=13/2 and 11/2) in Nd:RPB was achieved for the first time in a solid state laser material. Rare earth- doped MPb{sub 2}Br{sub 5} (M=K, Rb) is a promising candidate for long wavelength infrared applications because of its low phonon frequencies and other favorable features. In principle, Nd{sup 3+}:MPb{sub 2}Br{sub 5} has high potential for laser operation at new wavelengths as well as for the realization of short-wavelength lasing due to upconversion processes.