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XPS studies of actinide materials. [X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, review] (open access)

XPS studies of actinide materials. [X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, review]

Applications of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) to the study of actinide materials are reviewed. Examples discussed here include the band structures of thorium and uranium metal, the multiplet structure associated with the 5f electron states in oxides of the transuranium elements, the test for temporal configurations in NpO/sub 2/, crystal field splitting of the U 6p/sub /sup 3///sub 2// level in a series of uranyl compounds, mixed oxidation states in Cf/sub 7/O/sub 12/, and a test for the participation of 5f electrons in bonding in a series of uranium compounds.
Date: September 13, 1976
Creator: Veal, B. W.; Lam, D. J.; Hoekstra, H. R.; Diamond, H. & Carnall, W. T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Yahoo! Compute Coop (YCC): A Next-Generation Passive Cooling Design for Data Centers (open access)

Yahoo! Compute Coop (YCC): A Next-Generation Passive Cooling Design for Data Centers

The purpose of the Yahoo! Compute Coop (YCC) project is to research, design, build and implement a greenfield "efficient data factory" and to specifically demonstrate that the YCC concept is feasible for large facilities housing tens of thousands of heat-producing computing servers. The project scope for the Yahoo! Compute Coop technology includes: - Analyzing and implementing ways in which to drastically decrease energy consumption and waste output. - Analyzing the laws of thermodynamics and implementing naturally occurring environmental effects in order to maximize the "free-cooling" for large data center facilities. "Free cooling" is the direct usage of outside air to cool the servers vs. traditional "mechanical cooling" which is supplied by chillers or other Dx units. - Redesigning and simplifying building materials and methods. - Shortening and simplifying build-to-operate schedules while at the same time reducing initial build and operating costs. Selected for its favorable climate, the greenfield project site is located in Lockport, NY. Construction on the 9.0 MW critical load data center facility began in May 2009, with the fully operational facility deployed in September 2010. The relatively low initial build cost, compatibility with current server and network models, and the efficient use of power and water are …
Date: September 13, 2011
Creator: Robison, A. D.; Page, Christina & Lytle, Bob
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Important Progress Made, Yet Much Work Remains to Ensure Delivery of Critical Services (open access)

Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Important Progress Made, Yet Much Work Remains to Ensure Delivery of Critical Services

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the progress being made in addressing the year 2000 computing challenge, focusing on: (1) the federal government's progress and the challenges that remain in correcting its systems; (2) state and local government year 2000 issues; and (3) the readiness of key public infrastructure and economic sectors."
Date: August 13, 1999
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Additional Work Remains to Ensure Delivery of Critical Services (open access)

Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Additional Work Remains to Ensure Delivery of Critical Services

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed federal agencies' progress in addressing the year 2000 computing challenge and outlined actions needed to ensure a smooth conversion to the next century, focusing on the: (1) status of the federal government's remediation of its mission-critical systems; (2) remaining challenges facing the government in ensuring the continuity of business operations, namely end-to-end testing and business continuity and contingency planning; (3) Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) efforts to identify the government's high-impact programs; and (4) readiness of state systems that are essential to the delivery of federal human services programs."
Date: April 13, 1999
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations (open access)

Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations

This report provides an overview and analysis of U.S.-Yemeni relations amidst evolving political change in Yemeni leadership, ongoing U.S. counterterrorism operations against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) operatives at large in Yemen's hinterlands, and international efforts to bolster the country's stability despite an array of daunting socio-economic problems.
Date: January 13, 2010
Creator: Sharp, Jeremy M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
''Yields of Radionuclides Created by Photonuclear Reactions on Be, C, Na, C1, and Ge, Using Bremsstrahlung of 150-MeV Electrons'' (open access)

''Yields of Radionuclides Created by Photonuclear Reactions on Be, C, Na, C1, and Ge, Using Bremsstrahlung of 150-MeV Electrons''

The bremsstrahlung created by 150-MeV electrons impinging on a tantalum radiator was used to study photonuclear reactions on samples containing Be, C, Na, Cl and Ge. For Ge fifteen radioisotopes, ranging in half life between 2.6 min and 271 days, and in mass between 65 and 75, were obtained in sufficient amount to determine their yields quantitatively using known decay gamma-rays. Special equipment is described which was developed to create the bremsstrahlung using a beam-sharing mode, while minimizing the neutron flux on the sample. Relative production rates were determined. These were analyzed to provide absolute average cross sections for production of three reactions: <{sigma}> for {sup 35}Cl({gamma}, n) {sup 34}Cl{sup isom}- = 4.7 mb; <{sigma}> for {sup 70}Ge({gamma}, n){sup 69}Ge = 56 mb; and <{sigma}> for {sup 76}Ge({gamma}, n){sup 75}Ge = 53 mb, where the ({gamma}, n) values are averages over the giant resonances of the stable target isotopes.
Date: December 13, 2001
Creator: Dickens, J.K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Z accelerator as a source of > 100 kJ of x-rays above 4.8 keV (open access)

The Z accelerator as a source of > 100 kJ of x-rays above 4.8 keV

Recent K-shell scaling experiments on the 20 MA Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories have shown that large diameter (40 and 55 mm) arrays can be imploded with 80 to 210 wires of titanium or stainless steel. These implosions have produced up to 150 kJ of > 4.5 keV x-rays and 65 kJ of > 6.0 keV x-rays in 7 to 18 ns FWHM pulses. This is a major advance in plasma radiation source (PRS) capability since there is presently limited test capability above 3 keV. In fact, Z produces more > 4.5 keV x-rays than previous aboveground simulators produced at 1.5 keV. Z also produces some 200 kJ of x-rays between 1 and 3 keV in a continuous spectrum for these loads. The measured spectra and yields are consistent with 1-dimensional MHD calculations performed by NRL. Thermoelastic calorimeters, PVDF gauges, and optical impulse gauges have been successfully fielded with these sources.
Date: April 13, 1998
Creator: Deeney, C.; Coverdale, C. A. & Spielman, R. B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Z-Pinch Drivers for Shock Physics Research (open access)

Z-Pinch Drivers for Shock Physics Research

The recent development of Z pinch drivers for producing intense radiation envkomn~ enables study of physical and mechanical properties of condensed materials in regimes previously inaccessible in the Mm-am-y. With Z pinch radiation sources, it is possible fo subject mm-sized sampies to pianar compressions of a fe w Mbar. Tie-resolved velocity interferometry was used to perform the first shock loading and unloading profiles in Al and Be for ablatively driven shock$s to 3 Mbar and the first iseritropic loading of iron specimens to 300 War. A principai goai of our shock physics program is to establish a capability to make accurats eqwion of state measurements on the Z pulsed radiation source. The Z accelerator is a source of intense radntion, which can be used to drive ablative shocks for E(X$ studies. With this source, ablative muki-Mbar shocks can be produced to study materials over the range of interest to both weapons and ICF physics programs. In developing the capability to diagnose these types of studies on Z, techniques commonly used in conventional impact generated experiments were implemented. The primary diagnostic presently being used for this work is ve"!ocity interferoinetry, VL%4R, [2] which not only provides Hugoniot particle velocity measurements, but …
Date: October 13, 1998
Creator: Asay, J.; Bernard, M.; Clark, B.; Fleming, K.; Hall, C.; Holland, K. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The "Z" Pulsed Radiation Source: Recent Developments in Equation of State Measurement Capabilities (open access)

The "Z" Pulsed Radiation Source: Recent Developments in Equation of State Measurement Capabilities

The Sandia Z machine is a source of intense radiation which can be used to drive ablative shocks for equation of state studies. In developing the capability to diagnose these types of studies on Z, techniques commonly used in conventional impact generated experiments were leveraged. The primary diagnostic transferred was velocity interferome~, VLSAR, [1] which not only provides Hugoniot particle velocity measurements, but also indications of shock stability and wave attenuation. In addition to a VISAR capability on the Z machine, methods for measuring shock velocity have been developed. When these measured parameters are used in conjunction with the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions, [2] material response at high temperatures and pressures can be inferred. With sample sizes used on Z being much smaller than those fielded in typical impact experiments, temporal resolution and methods of interfacing the diagnostics with the targets had to be improved. In this paper, a "standard" equation of state experiment, associated diagnostics, and some recent results in aluminum and beryllium will be discussed.
Date: October 13, 1998
Creator: Asay, J.R.; Chandler, G.; Clark, B.; Fleming, K.; Hall, C.A.; Holland, K. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
ZEOLITE CHARACTERIZATION TESTING (open access)

ZEOLITE CHARACTERIZATION TESTING

The Savannah River Site isolates tritium from its process streams for eventual recycling. This is done by catalyzing the formation of tritiated water (from process streams) and then sorbing that water on a 3A zeolite (molsieve) bed. The tritium is recovered by regenerating the saturated bed into a Mg-based water cracking unit. The process described has been in use for about 15 years. Recently chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was noted in the system piping. This has resulted in the need to replace the corroded piping and associated molecular sieve beds. The source of chlorine has been debated and one possible source is the zeolite itself. Since new materials are being purchased for recently fabricated beds, a more comprehensive analysis protocol for characterizing zeolite has been developed. Tests on archived samples indicate the potential for mobile chloride species to be generated in the zeolite beds.
Date: September 13, 2007
Creator: Jacobs, W & Herbert Nigg, H
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zephyr: A secure Internet-based process to streamline engineering procurements using the World Wide Web (open access)

Zephyr: A secure Internet-based process to streamline engineering procurements using the World Wide Web

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is piloting an Internet- based paperless process called `Zephyr` to streamline engineering procurements. Major benefits have accrued by using Zephyr in reducing procurement time, speeding the engineering development cycle, facilitating industrial collaboration, and reducing overall costs. Programs at LLNL are benefiting by the efficiencies introduced since implementing Zephyr`s engineering and commerce on the Internet.
Date: August 13, 1996
Creator: Jordan, C. W.; Cavitt, R. E.; Niven, W. A.; Warren, F. E.; Taylor, S. S.; Sharick, T. M. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
THE ZEROS OF BESSEL FUNCTIONS AND x Jy + 1 (%)/Jy (x) = CONSTANT (open access)

THE ZEROS OF BESSEL FUNCTIONS AND x Jy + 1 (%)/Jy (x) = CONSTANT

None
Date: September 13, 1955
Creator: Rosen, J. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zimbabwe: Current Issues and U.S. Policy (open access)

Zimbabwe: Current Issues and U.S. Policy

None
Date: March 13, 2007
Creator: Ploch, Lauren
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zimbabwe: The Power Sharing Agreement and Implications for U.S. Policy (open access)

Zimbabwe: The Power Sharing Agreement and Implications for U.S. Policy

This report provides an overview of Zimbabwe's March 2008 elections. The report discusses the power-sharing agreement, the transitional government, cholera outbreak, international reactions, and U.S. policy on Zimbabwe.
Date: May 13, 2009
Creator: Ploch, Lauren
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ZIRCEX KINETICS AND URANIUM LOSS STUDY (open access)

ZIRCEX KINETICS AND URANIUM LOSS STUDY

A study was made of the effects of temperature, impurities in the hydrogen chloride, flow rates, and niobium content on both the reaction rates and insoluble uranium losses in the Zircex Process is presented. (W.L.H.)
Date: November 13, 1957
Creator: Carter, T. J., Jr. & Stone, R. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zircex Kinetics And Uranium Loss Study (open access)

Zircex Kinetics And Uranium Loss Study

"A study was made of the effects of temperature, impurities in the hydrogen chloride, flow rates, and niobium content on both the reaction rates and insoluble uranium losses in the Zircex Process is presented."
Date: November 13, 1957
Creator: Carter, Jr, T. J. & Stone, R. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zonal flow excitation by drift waves in toroidal plasmas (open access)

Zonal flow excitation by drift waves in toroidal plasmas

Recent 3D gyrokinetic and gyrofluid simulations in toroidal plasmas have demonstrated that zonal flows play a crucial role in regulating the nonlinear evolution of electrostatic drift-wave instabilities such as the ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes and, as a consequence, the level of the anomalous ion thermal transport, and that zonal flows could be spontaneously excited by ITG turbulence, suggesting parametric instability processes as the generation mechanism. Diamond et. al. have proposed the modulational instability of drift-wave turbulence ( plasmons ) in a slab-geometry treatment.
Date: June 13, 2000
Creator: Chen, L; Lin, Z. & White, R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
ZPPR progress report: February 1988 through April 1988 (open access)

ZPPR progress report: February 1988 through April 1988

Results are presented for control rod worth experiments in the axially heterogeneous assembly ZPPR-17, a part of the JUPITER-III program. From the earlier metal-fuel ZPPR-15 program, results are given for measurements and calculations of neutron spectra and sodium voiding in several configurations.
Date: May 13, 1988
Creator: Brumbach, S.B. & Collins, P.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library