The purpose of this calculation is to process the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) characterizing the relative humidity (RH) thresholds for the onset of carbon steel corrosion provided by expert elicitation and minimize the set of values to 200 points for use in WAPDEG.

The fundamental purpose of this project was to research and develop a process that would reduce the cost and improve the environmental efficiency of the present dry-cleaning industry. This second phase of research (see report KCP-94-1006 for information gathered during the first phase) was intended to allow the optimal integration of all factors of ultrasonic fabric cleaning. For this phase, Garment Care performed an extensive literature search and gathered data from other researchers worldwide. The Garment Care-AlliedSignal team developed the requirements for a prototype cleaning tank for studies and acquired that tank and the additional equipment required to use it properly. Garment Care and AlliedSignal acquired the transducers and generators from Surftran Martin-Walter in Sterling Heights, Michigan. Amway's Kelly Haley developed the test protocol, supplied hundreds of test swatches, gathered the data on the swatches before and after the tests, assisted with the cleaning tests, and prepared the final analysis of the results. AlliedSignal personnel, in conjunction with Amway and Garment Care staff, performed all the tests. Additional planning is under way for future testing by outside research facilities. The final results indicated repeatable performance and good results for single layered fabric swatches. Swatches that were cleaned as a ''sandwich,'' …

Experimental results from the pilot scale electrorefiner (Mark-IV ER) treating spent nuclear fuel are reported in this article. The electrorefining processes were carried out in a LiCl-KCl-UCl{sub 3} electrolyte. It has been noted that spool of molten cadmium below the electrolyte plays an important role in the electrorefining operations. In addition, formations of electrical shorting path between anode baskets and the electrorefiner vessel were observed, which lessened the uranium dissolution process from anode baskets, however appeared to improve the morphology of cathode deposit. The FIDAP simulation code was used to calculate the electrical potential field distributions and the potential gradient near the cathode. The effect of the electrical shorting between anode baskets and electrorefiner vessel on the morphology of cathode products is discussed.

The microelectronics industry requires alumina substrates with exceptionally smooth surfaces and few surface defects to allow successful deposition of metallic films for reliable electronic performance. Irradiation by a 248-nm wavelength excimer laser beam (KrF) at a fluence of 125 mJ/mm{sup 2} and at various angles of incidence is shown to significantly reduce the surface roughness of alumina substrates. However, irradiation also creates a fine particulate deposit of alumina that only partially adheres to the substrate and impedes deposition of metal films. Annealing in air between 1350 C and 1450 C was found to remove the particles by sintering. As-received material showed surface roughness average (R{sub a}) mean values of 457 nm, which was reduced to 60 nm (mean) following irradiation and 71 nm (mean) following irradiation and annealing at 1350 C. Irradiation also produced a decrease in the number and severity of surface defects. The flexural strength and Weibull modulus were both increased by laser irradiation and thermal treatment. Flexural strength went from an as-received value of 450 MPa to 560 MPa following irradiation/sintering, measured at 10% probability of failure. The Weibull modulus was increased from the as-received value of about 9, to about 13 following irradiation/sintering. It was concluded …

The author argues that the d{sub x{sup 2}{minus}y{sup 2}}-wave superconductor is marginally stable in the presence of external perturbations. Subjected to the external perturbations by magnetic impurities, it develops a secondary component of the gap, complex d{sub xy}, to maximize the coupling to impurities and lower the total energy. The secondary d{sub xy} component exists at high temperatures and produces the full gap {approximately} 20K in the single particle spectrum around each impurity, apart from impurity induced broadening. At low temperatures the phase ordering transition into global d{sub x{sup 2}{minus}y{sup 2}} + id{sub xy} state occurs.

None

About five years ago development work began on a new concept for processing metal powders at high temperature under various special atmospheres, The process was called mechanical fluidization. The machine which performs the process is known as a Mechanical Fluidized Vacuum (MFV) machine because it is possible to fluidize material in a vacuum, something that heretofore was impossible. In an MFV machine, a horizontally disposed retort is two-thirds filled with material and rotated at a speed that keeps the material in a fluffed up or fluidized state. It`s turning a lot faster than a kiln, but not fast enough to cause the material to centrifuge outward and stick to the walls. In this mechanically fluidized state it was discovered that the thermal transfer rate between powders and amongst parts immersed in those powders is extremely fast, faster even than a gas fluidized bed despite the total lack of gas in the retort. Figure 1 compares the heat transfer rate in air, in a vibratory bed, in a gas fluidized bed and a rotary fluidized bed. As shown, the rotary fluidized bed heat transfer is much faster than all the others. Fluidization is entirely mechanical so no gas at all is …

This study presents a methodology to estimate the maximum concentrations of flammable gases (ammonia, hydrogen, and methane) which could exist in the vapor space of a double-contained receiver tank (DCRT). DCRTs are temporary storage tanks which receive highly radioactive liquid wastes from salt well pumping of Hanford single-shell tanks (SST). The methodology of this study could be used in other applications involving the storage and transfer of radioactive liquid wastes which generate or contain various dissolved flammable gases.

Magnetic Linear Dichroism in Angular Distributions (MLDAD) from Photoelectron Emission was used to probe the nature of Resonant Photoemission. Gd 5p and Gd 4f emission were investigated. Using novel theoretical simulations, we were able to show that temporal matching is a requirement for ``True`` Resonant Photoemission, where the Resonant Photoemission retains the characteristics of Photoelectron Emission.

Using precisely controlled laboratory conditions we have begun to establish a spectral catalogue of the intermediate ionization states of iron, Fe IX - Fe XXIV, in the extreme ultraviolet. The measurements are being performed in support of the development of reliable modeling codes for the analysis of data from the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer and future space astrophysics missions sensitive to extreme ultraviolet radiation. They aim to resolve the controversies surrounding the short-wavelength spectra of stellar coronae. Preliminary measurements showing the wealth of iron lines in the 50-120 {Angstrom} region are presented.

This amendment to Appendix B contains the specific ALARA evaluations for installing flex-pipe on riser spools to accommodate ventilation duct connections to the north risers of each tank. The work will be a routine task that is part of the Equipment Installation and Mobilization phase of the project. The dose rates were estimated using the recent Radiological Surveillance Section radiological survey: SAAS-97-063S. Task B-6 has been added to the OHF Project ALARA review process to address a field decision to modify an approach to installing the tank ventilation system. The revised approach will incorporate 12-in. diameter, 36-in. long, stainless steel flex-pipe connected to each north riser spool to address the problem of pipe fitting multiple bends and turns expected with the 12-in. PVC duct. This improved approach will reduce the time necessary to install the duct system between the tanks and the ventilation skid. However, the task includes opening the 12-in. riser spool connections to replace the currently installed blind gaskets. Since a riser spool for each tank will be opened, there is a potential for significant personnel exposure and spread of contamination that will addressed through this ALARA review process.

In a Mechanical Fluidized Vacuum machine a horizontally disposed retort is two-thirds filled with material and rotated at a speed that keeps the material in a fluidized state. The objective of this project was to build and demonstrate a machine to thermally treat up to 600 kg lots of metal and cermet powders to temperatures of 940C with low energy cost and environmental impact. Quantification tests of many powders were conducted, design machine modification was done to expand the basic machine, a retort was constructed and prepared, and performance trials were made on the final machine. Final tests were conducted on a retort measuring 22 inches in diameter and 30 inches long. Operating cost data are presented.

One of the most enduring and frustrating mysteries in astrophysics is the nature of the cosmic gamma-ray burst (GRB). GRB` s were first reported in the 1970` s, and since then have been observed from over a dozen different satellites. Two recently launched satellites have revolutionized this field. One, the most sensitive, is known as the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO). This orbiting observatory carries an experiment known as the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), which was intended to help elucidate the nature and origin of GRB` s. The other is the Italian-Dutch satellite Beppo-SAX, which is substantially less sensitive than BATSE, but can provide greatly superior positional accuracy for the GRBs it detects. The purpose of this LDRD project was to maximize the combined return of these satellites and two ground-based programs (MACHO [Massive Compact Halo Objects] and LOTIS [Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System]), which LLNL largely controls. We have been successful in designing and implementing real-time response systems, and have successfully responded to GRBs with the MACHO Telescope System.

None

The objectives of the biosphere modeling efforts are to assess how radionuclides potentially released from the proposed repository could be transported through a variety of environmental media. The study of these transport mechanisms, referred to as pathways, is critical in calculating the potential radiation dose to man. Since most of the existing and pending regulations applicable to the Project are radiation dose based standards, the biosphere modeling effort will provide crucial technical input to support the Viability Assessment (VA), the Working Draft of License Application (WDLA), and the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

The only remaining active well, Kuhn #14, in the Port Neches CO2 project went off production in October 1997. Production from this project is reached economic limit and the project termination began in the last quarter of 1997.

A new technique developed during this project dries grain with mildly heated, dehumidified air in a closed-loop process. This proposed technique uses about one-tenth the energy and dries grain at a lower temperature, producing less damage to the kernels.Approximately 250 million automotive and truck tires are discarded each year in the U.S. The very properties that ensure a safe ride and long service life make the disposal of these scrap tires difficult. In spite of this, scrap tire recycling/reuse has rapidly grown from 10% in 1985 to over 90% today. The majority of scrap tires that are recycled/reused are burned for fuel in power plants and cement kilns. Since tires have somewhat higher heating value than coal, this would at first seem to be an acceptable option. But burning scrap tires recovers only 25% of the energy originally used to manufacture the rubber. An alternative is to use the scrap tires in the form of crumb rubber, by which 98% of the original energy is recovered. This project sought to explore potential formulations of crumb rubber with various thermoplastic binders, with one goal being developing a material for a low-cost, high-performance roofing composition. What was the state-of-the-art of the product/process …

This Proceedings Volume includes the technical papers that were presented during the Sixteenth Symposium on Energy Engineering Sciences on May 13--15, 1998, at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois. The Symposium was structured into eight technical sessions, which included 30 individual presentations followed by discussion and interaction with the audience. A list of participants is appended to this volume. The DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), of which Engineering Research is a component program, is responsible for the long-term, mission-oriented research in the Department. The Office has prime responsibility for establishing the basic scientific foundation upon which the Nation's future energy options will be identified, developed, and built. BES is committed to the generation of new knowledge necessary to solve present and future problems regarding energy exploration, production, conversion, and utilization, while maintaining respect for the environment. Consistent with the DOE/BES mission, the Engineering Research Program is charged with the identification, initiation, and management of fundamental research on broad, generic topics addressing energy-related engineering problems. Its stated goals are to improve and extend the body of knowledge underlying current engineering practice so as to create new options for enhancing energy savings and production, prolonging the useful life of energy-related structures …

The preliminary preclosure biosphere dose assessment for the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) involves the calculation of a radiation dose to a subsistence farmer living near the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. Eight radionuclides, H-3, Co-60, Kr-85, Sr-90, Ru-106, I-129, Cs-134, and Cs-137, are considered in this study. Radiation doses resulting from unit release rates of these radionuclides are analyzed. Total dose has been broken down into components that result from various exposure pathways. By using this approach, the most important pathways that deliver a radiation dose to a subsistence farmer can be clearly identified.

None