The objective of this project is the development of a preliminary design for a full-sized, closed cycle, ammonia power system module for the 100 MWe OTEC demonstration plant. In turn, this demonstration plant is to demonstrate, by 1984, the operation and performance of an Ocean Thermal Power Plant having sufficiently advanced heat exchanger design to project economic viability for commercial utilization in the late 1980's and beyond. Included in this power system development are the preliminary designs for a proof-of-concept pilot plant and test article heat exchangers which are scaled in such a manner as to support a logically sequential, relatively low-cost development of the full-scale power system module. The conceptual designs are presented for the demonstration plant power module, the proof-of-concept pilot plant, and for a pair of test article heat exchangers. Costs associated with the design, development, fabrication, checkout, delivery, installation, and operation are included. The accompanying design and producibilty studies on the full-scale power system module project the performance/economics for the commercial plant. This section of the report contains appendices on the developed computer models, water system dynamic studies, miscellaneous performance analysis, materials and processes, detailed equipment lists, turbine design studies, tube cleaner design, ammonia leak detection, …

This Quality Program Plan describes the manner in which the Energy Systems Unit of the Advanced Technology Group Division of Sunstrand Corporation applies its Quality Assurance Program and Systems to control and assure commpliance to the Quality requirements in accordance with NRA-1, dated July 1, 1977, in support of the Kilowatt Isotope Power Systems (KIPS) Program Technology Verification Phase.

A new, wide-range equation of state (EOS) for vanadium is presented. The generation of this EOS was of a fast-response nature. That is, the data base was constructed very rapidly, the analysis was very cursory, and it was inserted into the Bi-linear Logorithm (BLL) EOS library in 3 to 5 days. The composite theoretical model incorporates condensed matter, ionization equilibrium, and multiphase physics. The theoretical EOS was compared with all available high-temperature and high-pressure data for vanadium; good agreement was obtained. The welting on the Hugoniot could be observed because the Kopyshev gamma nuclear correction was used to generate the high-density region. 8 figures, 1 table.

On November 15, 1976, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory completed its first comprehensive stemming experiment for measuring downhole parameters while varying fill material and rate. Stemming can be defined as backfilling a hole in which a device has been placed to prevent leakage of radioactive materials or gases to the surface. A computer code is being developed for stemming operations, and this experiment was designed to measure parameters under different stemming conditions so the code could be verified and modified. The experiment was conducted in the lower half of a steel-cased, 4-ft-diam, 2000-ft-deep hole at Nevada Test Site. The two stemming materials used in the experiment, Overton sand and LLL II mix, were tested at three fill rates. Significant results of this experiment included successful measurement of downhole air overpressures, vertical and horizontal soil-particle pressures, and temperature. Vertical soil-particle pressures were higher than expected. All surface measurements were valid. The slump-displacement measurements system provided a timing mark to indicate the occurrence of a slump. A major slump occurred on the third day of stemming; a minor slump occurred on the fourth day.

This report summarizes the preliminary design for the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Demonstration Plant project. The scope of Phase I was the conceptual design of: (1) full sized power system module; (2) scaled (5 MWe nominal) proof of concept power system; and (3) 1 MWe heat exchanger test article. Included were all components and subsystems specifically involved with the generation of power (warm and cold seawater pumps, heat exchangers, turbine/generator, etc.) The scope of Phase I preliminary design is: (1) conceptual design of a commercial size power system between 40 to 50 MWe(net) with costing on prototype, first production, and eighth unit; (2) preliminary design of a 10 MWe net modular application power module with tube material of titanium, and analogous to the commercial size power module. The heat exchangers are to be immersed and costing data should be provided for first unit and eighth unit; and (3) preliminary design of a heat exchanger test article.

The objective of this project is the development of a preliminary design for a full-sized, closed cycle, ammonia power system module for the 100 MWe OTEC demonstration plant. In turn, this demonstration plant is to demonstrate, by 1984, the operation and performance of an Ocean Thermal Power Plant having sufficiently advanced heat exchanger design to project economic viability for commercial utilization in the late 1980's and beyond. Included in this power system development are the preliminary designs for a proof-of-concept pilot plant and test article heat exchangers which are scaled in such a manner as to support a logically sequential, relatively low-cost development of the full-scale power system module. The conceptual designs are presented for the demonstration plant power module, the proof-of-concept pilot plant, and for a pair of test article heat exchangers. Costs associated with the design, development, fabrication, checkout, delivery, installation, and operation are included. The accompanying design and producibilty studies on the full-scale power system module project the performance/economics for the commercial plant. This section of the report contains appendices on the electrical system, instrumentation and control, ammonia pump evaluation study, ammonia and nitrogen support subsystems, piping and support design calculations, and plant availability. (WHK)

Westinghouse has completed the Preliminary Desigh Phase for the Power System Development of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Demonstration Plant project. This study included the development of a preliminary design for a Modular Application scaled power system (10MWe) and Heat Exchanger Test Articles, both based on the concept developed in the Conceptual Design Phase. The results of this study were used to improve the baseline design of the 50MWe module for the Commercial Size Power System, which was recommended for the demonstration plant by the conceptual design study. The 50MWe module was selected since it has the lowest cost, and since its size convincingly demonstrates that future economically viable commercial plants, having reliable operation with credible anticipated costs, are possible. Additional optimization studies on the size of the power system plus hull continue to identify 50MWe as the preferred minimum cost configuration. This study was limited to a closed cycle ammonia power system module, using a seawater temperature difference of 40/sup 0/F, and a surface platform/ship reference hull. This volume presents the preliminary design configuration and system optimization. (WHK)

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory was asked by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to investigate the inelastic behavior of a representative noncategory I structure and determine the amount of reserve seismic capacity that is available beyond elastic design levels. Elastic and elastic-plastic seismic analyses were conducted on a braced steel frame using eight time-history records. In addition, two spectra were ultimate capacity, the reserve strength of the frame was determined. In order to ensure operability, a frame model incorporating a piping system was subjected to the above seismic loadings using elastic analyses. It was found that the piping system components controlled the seismic capacity of the combined structure. The average results show a reserve capacity of 2.6 times the seismic design level.

A representative cross section of the literature on the disposal of geothermal brine was perused and some of the general information and concepts is summarized. The following sections are included: disposal statistics--Texas Railroad Commission; disposal statistics--Louisiana Office of Conservation; policies for administering salt water disposal operations; salt water disposal experience of Gulf Coast operators; and Federal Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program's brine disposal operations. The literature cited is listed in the appended list of references. Additional literature is listed in the bibliography. (MHR)

The objective of the study program was to determine the best method of charging 20,000 to 132,000 microfarads of capacitance to 22 kVdc in 14 to 15 sec. Component costs, sizes, weights, line current graphs, copies of calculations and manufacturer's data are included.

A self-consistent plasma simulation code has been used to simulate a hot (5 keV), overdense (approx. 10/sup 4/), microwave-corona interaction for a hydrogen plasma.

The following appendices are included; Dynamic Simulation Program (ODSP-3); sample results of dynamic simulation; trip report - NH/sub 3/ safety precautions/accident records; trip report - US Coast Guard Headquarters; OTEC power system development, preliminary design test program report; medium turbine generator inspection point program; net energy analysis; bus bar cost of electricity; OTEC technical specifications; and engineer drawings. (WHK)

This report covers the conceptual and preliminary design of closed-cycle, ammonia, ocean thermal energy conversion power plants by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Preliminary designs for evaporator and condenser test articles (0.13 MWe size) and a 10 MWe modular experiment power system are described. Conceptual designs for 50 MWe power systems, and 100 MWe power plants are also descirbed. Design and cost algorithms were developed, and an optimized power system design at the 50 MWe size was completed. This design was modeled very closely in the test articles and in the 10 MWe Modular Application. Major component and auxiliary system design, materials, biofouling, control response, availability, safety and cost aspects are developed with the greatest emphasis on the 10 MWe Modular Application Power System. It is concluded that all power plant subsystems are state-of-practice and require design verification only, rather than continued research. A complete test program, which verifies the mechanical reliability as well as thermal performance, is recommended and described.

Westinghouse has completed the Preliminary Design Phase for the Power System Development of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Demonstration Plant project. This study included the development of a preliminary design for a Modular Application scaled power system (10MWe) and Heat Exchanger Test Articles, both based on the concept developed in the Conceptual Design Phase. The results of this study were used to improve the baseline design of the 50MWe module for the Commercial Size Power System, which was recommended for the demonstration plant by the conceptual design study. The 50MWe module was selected since it has the lowest cost, and since its size convincingly demonstrates that future economically viable commercial plants, having reliable operation with credible anticipated costs, are possible. Additional optimization studies on the size of the power system plus hull continue to identify 50MWe as the preferred minimum cost configuration. This study was limited to a closed cycle ammonia power system module, using a seawater temperature difference of 40/sup 0/F, and a surface platform/ship reference hull. This volume describes system operation, a complete test program to verify mechanical reliability and thermal performance, fabrication and installation operations, and a cost analysis. (WHK)

The preliminary design of the 10 MWe OTEC power module and the 200 kWe test articles is given in detail. System operation and performance; power system cost estimates; 10 MWe heat exchangers; 200 kWe heat exchanger articles; biofouling control;ammonia leak detection, and leak repair; rotating machinery; support subsystem; instrumentation and control; electrical subsystem; installation approach; net energy and resource analysis; and operability, maintainability, and safety are discussed. The conceptual design of the 40 MWe electrical power system includes four or five 10 MWe modules as designed for the 10 MWe pilot plant. (WHK)

Preliminary studies were made on a unique dielectric system for both flexible and rigid power cable applications. Known as Spir-O-Line, it was developed and is manufactured by Prodelin, Inc. as a high power radio frequency transmisson system, with a service record of several decades. The cable consists of a central conductor continuously supported by six high density polyethylene tubes inside a metal sheath, which operates as a GITL with either nitrogen or SF/sub 6/ as the filling medium. A rough analysis of the dielectric geometry concluded that its breakdown strength might be improved over that of the open coaxial conductor configuration. A series of breakdown tests was performed on the smaller range of commercially available sizes. The results confirmed the expected behavior patterns, but did not fully explore the upper units of performance due to occasional tube separations in the samples tested. The potential voltage ratings of the larger available sizes were estimated and found to be from 69 kV to 138 kV for a 3-inch O.D. size, and from 138 kV to 230 kV for a 6-inch O.D. size. There is considerable flexibility in the design of the conductor due to the continuous support of the dielectric tubes. In …

LASNEX calculations for focused laser beams on spherical targets have been performed for laser wavelengths of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microns. One-dimensional calculations, including the ponderomotive force, show a profile steepening that determines the fractional absorption by anomalous mechanism. However, increased absorption occurs at the shorter wavelengths because of more efficient inverse bremsstrahlung absorption at the higher critical densities. In general, the absorption efficiency increases with shorter laser wavelength and decreases with increasing f-number of the illuminating optics for sufficiently long plasma scale lengths. The effect of the absorption and laser wavelength on the thermal and superthermal electron physics will be discussed along with the combined effects on the implosion performance. Certain aspects of two-dimensional LASNEX calculations are presented.

Results of work done on potential geologic effects of geothermal development are discussed. The key geological issues in the Imperial Valley are the potential for significant subsidence and seismicity which could be induced by geothermal production. The major technical problem is to develop techniques to distinguish between natural and induced activity. In both subsidence and seismicity studies, the projects augment the existing network to obtain additional information in critical areas; thus, local subsidence detection networks were added to the regional networks. The U.S. Geological Survey seismograph network was augmented to increase sensitivity to small earthquakes near the Salton Sea. Techniques being used and initial results are summarized briefly. (JGB)

A preliminary analysis has been made of the various hydrodynamic aspects involved in the stability of a liquid-lithium jet in a laser-fusion reactor, which comprises a part of LLL's laser fusion power-generation concept. Various physical factors that may affect the jet breakup are delineated, and some approximate calculations are performed to determine their relative influences. Areas of uncertainty are pointed out, along with plans for experimental verification or further theoretical analysis.

The General Atomic codes TAP (Transient Analysis Program) and RECA (Reactor Emergency Cooling Analysis) are evaluated with respect to their capability for predicting the dynamic behavior of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) for postulated accident conditions. Several apparent modeling problems are noted, and the susceptibility of the codes to misuse and input errors is discussed. A critique of code verification plans is also included. The several cases where direct comparisons could be made between TAP/RECA calculations and those based on other independently developed codes indicated generally good agreement, thus contributing to the credibility of the codes.

Thermophysical-property characterizations of five Conasauga shale cores were determined at temperatures between 298 and 673 K. Methods of specimen fabrication for different tests were evaluated. Thermal-conductivity and thermal-expansion data were found to be dependent on the structure and orientation of the individual specimens. Thermal conductivities ranged between 2.8 and 1.0 W/m-K with a small negative temperature dependence. Thermal expansions were between 2 and 5 x 10/sup -3/ over the temperature range for the group. Heat capacity varied with the composition. 17 figures, 3 tables.

The radial diffusion of resonant particles in the banana regime and the plateau regime is derived in detail from kinetic theory. The plateau diffusion, calculated in the tau-approximation, confirms the result given by Ryutov--Stupakov without derivation. The banana diffusion also agrees with the R--S result provided the latter is corrected for some dependence of the collision frequency on epsilon and phi.

A series of four, parallel, hydraulically induced hydrofractures were created. The hydrofractures will be used later in Phase I as the loading fractures for slurried explosives. An evaluation of the aerial extent, thickness, and resistance to air flow of each of these four fractures is reported. Downhole pressure, well-head pressure, surface resistivity, tiltmeter, hydrophone response, and crack opening measurements were used as dynamic tests to monitor and to later describe the hydrofracture. Downhole television, high-resolution seismic reflection survey (HRSRS), cross-hole seismic survey (CHSS), pressurized air-flow, tracer-gas flows, gamma-ray logging, and hydrogeologic monitoring were all used as posthydrofracture tests. Of all of these tests, tiltmeter, wellhead pressure, downhole television, pressurized air flows, and hydrogeologic monitoring were the most useful. Downhole pressure, crack opening, hydrophone response, tracer gas flow, and gamma-ray logging were less useful and provided only supportive data. HRSRS and CHSS provided no useful evaluation data. These evaluation tests showed the four hydrofractures to be narrow (less than or equal to 0.01 inches) and horizontal; to extend out at least to the outer ring of production wells in a southeasterly direction; to extend beyond the outer ring of production wells in a northwesterly direction; to have some degree of vertical …

The MOXY/SCORE computer program has been used to evaluate the influence of crossflow and radiation heat transfer on LOFT cladding temperatures during the blowdown phase of L2-4. The results of this study indicate that the radiation heat flux is responsible for 100 K reduction of peak cladding temperature during blowdown. They also indicate that, if the boundary conditions are specified uniformly over upper and lower plenums, the crossflow will be responsible for another 25 K reduction of peak cladding temperature during blowdown.