A very fast computational method of moving particles for one dimensional electrostatic plasma simulations using integer arithmetic is described. The cloud in cell method forms the basis of this technique. This paper is in the form of a compass compilable subroutine with comments and examples describing methods of using an entirely integer representation to gain up to an order of magnitude increase in speed over equivalent floating point Fortran coding. Integer arithmetic has several advantages over floating point arithmetic for one dimensional particle movers. The adds are much faster, and the binary numerical description allows the implementation of very simple boundary conditions if the simulation region extends from zero to a power of two. Furthermore, integer arithmetic makes very efficient use of each memory bit since there is no floating point exponent. Consequently, it becomes feasible and fast in long word length machines to pack the velocity and position of a particular particle into the same word, thus saving a factor of two in computer storage and/or 10. These advantages are combined with the fact that integer adds and logicals complete in only two computer cycles allowing nearly complete optimization of register and instruction interleaving. The measured timings on a …

Acoustic data from boiling stability tests on the THORS (Thermal-Hydraulic Out-of-Reactor Safety) facility are presented and discussed. The THORS sodium loop is a high temperature test facility that contains the bundle 6A, a full length stimulated fuel subassembly with nineteen electrically heated pins. Boiling stability tests on the THORS facility were designed to determine if a stable boiling region exists during the thermal hydraulic test at normal and off-normal conditions. Boiling was observed and the stable boiling region was determined. The acoustic data observed by three ANL sodium-immersible microphones have provided the following information: (1) the boiling signal is clearly observed and shows a correlation with the inlet flow fluctuations; (2) the signal level and the repetition rate of the boiling signal are directly related to the applied heat flux; (3) a typical boiling pulse consists of a high frequency signal due mainly to the bubble collapse and a low frequency (approximately 75 Hz) void oscillation; (4) a boiling pulse yields a frequency spectrum with significant amplitudes up to 80 KHz as compared with 4 KHz for background pulses; and (5) the frequency content of a boiling pulse can be mostly explained in terms of various resonance frequencies of the …

The efforts of the DOE Division of Buildings and Community Systems to assume the national leadership for research, development, and demonstration activities related to energy conservation in buildings and community systems are discussed. Contract objectives, presented in Section 2, include the technical goals and schedule and cost objectives of the contract. The organization structures of DOE/BCS and DYNATREND are displayed in Section 3. Moreover, the interface between the organizations is presented in the Management Structure section, as well as key DYNATREND personnel assigned to the project. Section 4 presents the detailed technical approach adopted to accomplish the five tasks in the statement of work. A summary of the overall technical approach precedes a discussion of the detailed approach to each task. The work breakdown structure to be employed in the execution of the contract is presented in Section 5. The management plan concludes with a detailed definition of the management control procedures to monitor schedules, costs, and technical performance of this contract. (MCW)

The preparation and some properties of adducts of benzotrifuroxan (BTF) are reported. The adducts contain one or two molecules of the adduct-forming compound (AFC) per molecule of BTF. All AFC's contain an oxygen atom.

An evaluation of several recent ERDA/ORNL sponsored studies on the application of a small, 365 MW(t) pressurized water reactor for industrial energy is presented. Preliminary studies have investigated technical and reliability requirements; costs for nuclear and fossil based steam were compared, including consideration of economic inflation and financing methods. For base-load industrial steam production, small reactors appear economically attractive relative to coal fired boilers that use coal priced at $30/ton.

This technical progress report summarizes the research work accomplished during the first six months of the investigation on the significance of radiation heat transfer in attenuating the radiological consequences from LMFBR core disruptive accidents. Considerable progress has been made in modeling and computing the effects of radiative cooling on a rising HCDA bubble buoyant through a sodium pool. Our results reveal that most of the fuel vapor within the bubble can be effectively condensed out by radiating cooling. The finding has a profound implication as it could lead to a substantial reduction in subsequent aerosal releases.

A target production concept is described for the production of multilayered cryogenic spherical inertial confinement fusion targets. The facility is to deliver targets to the reactor chamber at rates up to 10 per second and at costs consistent with economic production of power.

This report contains information regarding the Supreme Court case of Wolman v. Waltman, where it addresses the boundaries of constitutional aid for public schools.

New double-shell storage tanks are constructed with ASTM A-516 Grade 65 steel. This study had two main objectives: To characterize the corrosivity of synthetic nonradioactive terminal waste solutions to ASTM A-516 Grade 65 steel and to determine the severity of stress-corrosion cracking of carbon steel in terminal waste solutions. The information developed provides guidance in the characterization of the aggressiveness of actual terminal liquors and in the design and operation of fail-safe tanks. Corrosion behavior was measured over a range of oxidizing conditions by the potentiodynamic polarization technique. Oxidizing conditions in a solution likely to promote general corrosion, pitting or stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) were identified. Absolute stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility was determined by constant strain rate procedure for ASTM A-516 Grade 65 steel for conditions identified by polarization experiments as likely to promote SCC. Based on the results of this study, terminal waste storage tanks are safe from stress-corrosion cracking under freely corroding conditions. Corrosion potential of steel in solutions within anticipated compositions is at the positive end of the critical range for stress-corrosion cracking, and no conditions were observed which would lower the potential to more negative values within the cracking range under freely corroding conditions. Measurement of corrosion potential …

An 8-MW, 100 percent duty cycle, hard tube series regulator used to control the accelerating voltage of a neutral beam source is described. The series tube is a developmental switch/regulator tube capable of holding off 200 kV passing 85 A, and dissipating 2 MW of anode power. The regulator has high-speed interrupt capability to minimize the power delivered to the load in the event of a load fault. Its design is such that it can be used to regulate both positive and negative accelerating voltages. All reference/control signals between the modulator and the control station use optical links to minimize noise interference and ground loop problems. In all cases of optical coupling, the loss of light is the worst-case condition, i.e., loss of light turns off the regulator. The fast interrupt is accomplished by rapid removal of the screen grid voltage from the series tube, and then driving the control grid into cutoff. After the control grid is in cutoff the screen is allowed to recover, and the regulator is then ready to switch back on. The regulator tube driver is a straightforward dc-coupled amplifier with a cathode follower output; dc isolation between various sections of the modulator is accomplished …

Five new adhesives of the polyurethane type have been developed to meet requirements for the current Phase-3 nuclear weapons. They are designated Halthanes to avoid confusion with Adiprenes. Four of these adhesives are made from LLL-developed MDI-terminated prepolymers cured with a blend of polyols. The fifth is made from an LLL-developed prepolymer terminated with Hylene W and cured with aromatic diamines. All of the adhesives have low moduli over a wide temperature range, bond rapidly and well to most substrates, and are compatible with weapons components. This report updates information reported in Chemistry Department Technical Notes Nos. 75-23, 75-24, and UCID-16990. Characterization and compatibility studies are continuing.

Intrex film is a unique, transparent, electrically conductive plastic film originally developed as a component in electrically heatable, transparent products such as de-icing windshields for aircraft, locomotives, and the like. The electrical conductivity is imparted to the plastic film by the vacuum deposition of a thin film of gold onto one surface. This gold film exhibits typical luminous transmittance of 80% and sheet resistivity of 10 ohms per square. The free electron concentration in the gold film that permits such high electrical conductivity is also responsible for very high reflectance and low emittance of electromagnetic radiation in the near and middle infrared spectral regions. For this reason, the Intrex film can be regarded as a ''heat mirror'' with possible application as a glazing cover interior to a conventional window where it serves to reflect low temperature, long wavelength radiation back into the interior of the heated space or prevent its radiation outward. Since the chief utility of such a heat mirror film is during the heating season, a high luminous transmittance, or more precisely a high solar transmittance, is essential to ensure the benefits of solar heat gain. The properties, heat mirror performance, production and cost of Intrex film for …

The DT fusion neutron irradiation of eight LLL Nb-1Zr tensile specimens, eleven BNL-LASL superconductor wires, one BPNL wire-foil packet, two ORNL magnesium oxide crystals, four LASL high purity single crystals, one each of spinel, YAG, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and MgO, one LLL bicrystal of LiF and several LLL glass microscope cover slides is described. The sample position, beam-on time and dose record are given. The maximum neutron fluence on any sample was 2.51 x 10/sup 17/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/.

The program plan is presented for developing an electric vehicle incorporating a flywheel regenerative power system with design considerations and goals for safety and for vehicle body construction using lightweight fiber-reinforced composite material. Schedules are included for each of the major steps in the program. (LCL)

The Grants Uranium Region is a 2500 mile area of northcentral New Mexico which has produced about 40 percent of all domestic uranium, and holds over one-half of the current reserves. The increasing demand for uranium to fuel commercial nuclear power plants is resulting in rapid growth of the uranium industry and economic, social, and environmental changes are occurring. One of the environmental issues of this region is the concern for eventually unacceptable levels of air and water pollution from effluents from uranium mill tailings piles. This study addresses these potential impacts in relation to industrial environmental control practices, siting features, and other regional/temporal variables, including rates of production, locations and sizes of new mills, and population distributions.

A model for the physics of exploding pusher targets is presented which compares favorably with the predictions of the complex simulation code, LASNEX.

This report presents International political implementations of commodity policy which can stabilize prices and assure supply to the benefit of both producer and consumer.

The picture of laser light absorption and scattering which is emerging from theory and computer simulation studies of laser-plasma interactions is described. On the subject of absorption, we discuss theoretical and experimental evidence that resonance absorption in a steepened density profile is a dominant absorption mechanism. Recent work also indicates the presence of critical surface ripples, which we study using two and three dimensional computer simulations. Predictions of hot electron spectra due to resonance absorption are described, as are effects of plasma outflow. We then discuss two regimes where stimulated scattering may occur. Brillouin scattering is expected in the underdense target blow-off, for long laser pulses, and is limited by ion heating. Raman scattering in the background gas of a reactor target chamber is predicted to be at most a 10 percent effect for 1 ..mu..m lasers.

Experimental data from local sodium boiling tests with and without argon gas injection have been analyzed. The experiments were conducted with a 19-rod simulated LMFBR subassembly having the six central flow channels (12% of flow area) blocked in the heated section of the bundle. The data analysis shows that, without gas injection, local boiling in the blockage wake does not radially propagate to the surrounding free stream during two quasi-steady-state boiling periods of 13 and 27 sec. However, in tests with argon gas void fractions of 0.001 and 0.004, there is some evidence that the local boiling zone did spread but did not encompass the entire bundle cross section. An idealized extrapolation to full-size LMFBR subassemblies shows that the results with the 19-rod bundle are conservative. Analysis of data from nonboiling tests with gas injection shows that for void fractions between 0.00009 and 0.00354, the maximum temperature increase in the blockage wake due to gas injection is 40/sup 0/C (70/sup 0/F).

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Activities are reported in research programs on computer operations, isotope separation, low temperature phenomena, metal hydrides, separation chemistry, and separation methods. (JRD)

The status of the following programs is reported: isotope separation of carbon, argon, helium, krypton, neon, xenon, oxygen, and sulfur; metal hydride research; separation chemistry; and separation research. (LK)

A base of earth science data was developed for an area centered on Mt. Hood Volcano as the first step in a systematic geothermal resource assessment. A comprehensive technical plan for the assessment was developed and is also described. A preliminary bibliography is included.

Two numerical models for the calculation of time integrated air concentraton and ground deposition of airborne radioactive effluent releases are compared. The time dependent Particle-in-Cell (PIC) model and the steady state Gaussian plume model were used for the simulation. The area selected for the comparison was the Hudson River Valley, New York. Input for the models was synthesized from meteorological data gathered in previous studies by various investigators. It was found that the PIC model more closely simulated the three-dimensional effects of the meteorology and topography. Overall, the Gaussian model calculated higher concentrations under stable conditions. In addition, because of its consideration of exposure from the returning plume after flow reversal, the PIC model calculated air concentrations over larger areas than did the Gaussian model.