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Light Absorption and Scattering Mechanisms in Laser Fusion Plasmas
The picture of laser light absorption and scattering which is emerging from theory and computer simulation studies of laser-plasma interactions is described. On the subject of absorption, we discuss theoretical and experimental evidence that resonance absorption in a steepened density profile is a dominant absorption mechanism. Recent work also indicates the presence of critical surface ripples, which we study using two and three dimensional computer simulations. Predictions of hot electron spectra due to resonance absorption are described, as are effects of plasma outflow. We then discuss two regimes where stimulated scattering may occur. Brillouin scattering is expected in the underdense target blow-off, for long laser pulses, and is limited by ion heating. Raman scattering in the background gas of a reactor target chamber is predicted to be at most a 10 percent effect for 1 ..mu..m lasers.
Date:
October 4, 1977
Creator:
Barnes, C.; Estabrook, K. G.; Kruer, W. L.; Langdon, A. B.; Lasinski, B. F.; Max, C. E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of catalytic mineral matter on CO/CO sub 2 , temperature and burning time for char combustion
The temperature of a char particle burning in an oxygen containing atmosphere is the product of a strongly coupled balance between particle size and physical properties, heat transfer from the particle, surface reactivity, CO/CO{sub 2} ratio and gas phase diffusion in the surrounding boundary layer and within the particle. CO{sub 2}/CO ratios can be strongly influenced by catalytic material in the carbon and by the char temperature. In this program we are measuring the CO{sub 2}/CO ratio for both catalyzed and uncatalyzed chars over a wide range of temperature. These results will then be used to develop predictive models for char temperature and burning rates. The electrodynamic balance has been successfully used to make such measurements for single 200{mu}m spherocarb particles. A few theoretical approaches to model a single particle oxidation have been made, but most of them assumed the infinitely thin reaction zone at the particle surface. This approach can not explain pore diffusion limitation, structural change, or reaction at low temperatures inside the particle. Too simplifying solid phase reaction may leads to wrong predictions. In this report, progress on constructing models including both solid and gas phase reaction are reported.
Date:
May 4, 1992
Creator:
Longwell, J. P.; Sarofim, A. F.; Lee, Chun-Hyuk & Modestino, A. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technology for large tandem mirror experiments
Construction of a large tandem mirror (MFTF-B) will soon begin at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Designed to reach break-even plasma conditions, the facility will significantly advance the physics and technology of magnetic-mirror-based fusion reactors. This paper describes the objectives and the design of the facility.
Date:
September 4, 1980
Creator:
Thomassen, K.I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exploding pusher performance at fixed laser power, a theoretical model
A model for the physics of exploding pusher targets is presented which compares favorably with the predictions of the complex simulation code, LASNEX.
Date:
October 4, 1977
Creator:
Rosen, M.D. & Nuckolls, J.H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of proposed EPA ambient lead criteria standard document. Final report. Task assignment No. 10
The proposed October 1983 EPA ambient lead criteria document, Air Quality Criteria for Lead is reviewed from the perspective of DOE's policies and programs and addresses potential impacts on energy production and energy-intensive industries. Following an introduction, the study is organized in five subsequent sections. Section 2.0 addresses environmental and health effects of exposure to lead. Section 3.0 reviews sources of lead emissions. Section 4.0 presents information on lead concentrations in ambient air. Section 5.0 examines dose-effect relationships among lead emissions, ambient air concentrations and blood lead levels. Section 6.0 presents Radian's evaluation of the regulatory implications of the criteria document and the information it provides. 10 figures, 11 tables.
Date:
March 4, 1984
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proposed Tax Reform: Summaries of items included in the Tentative Decisions of the Committee on ways and means, House of representatives 93rd congress.
This report is about Proposed Tax Reform: Summaries of items included in the Tentative Decisions of the Committee on ways and means, House of representatives 93rd congress.
Date:
November 4, 1974
Creator:
Drake, Susan L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Premature Release of Election Results and Election Predictions 1967
This report documents possible future outcomes of elections for the federal office.
Date:
June 4, 1967
Creator:
Yadlosky, Elizabeth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Report of Group II-2: Running at ISA
A discussion is given of the anticipated operating conditions at the ISABELLE storage rings. Communications between experimental and control areas are considered, and beam luminosity monitoring is discussed. Running conditions and expected problems are outlined. (PMA)
Date:
August 4, 1977
Creator:
Chen, M.; Herrera, J. C.; Littenberg, L.; Thorndike, A.; Ogren, H.; Potter, K. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of x-ray production in TMX upgrade
TMX Upgrade (TMX-U), a tandem mirror experiment at LLNL, will use high power microwaves for electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH). As demonstrated on Elmo Bumpy Torus (EBT) and related experiments which use similar heating techniques, high energy electron populations are created. In these devices, which run CW, significant x-ray production occurs and adequate shielding must be provided for personnel protection. TMX-U is a pulsed experiment; however, significant x-ray production is expected from the 50 keV mean energy electron population. In this report the expected x-ray generation is calculated and the provisions for shielding are described. Based upon these calculations, as well as scaling estimates from other devices, the provided shielding is shown to be adequate for hot electron temperatures of interest for the experiment.
Date:
February 4, 1982
Creator:
Stallard, B. & Stephens, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simple scaling model for exploding pusher targets
A simple model has been developed which when normalized by experiment or Lasnex calculations can be used to scale neutron yields for variations in laser input power and pulse length and target radius and wall thickness. The model also illucidates some of the physical processes occurring in this regime of laser fusion experiments. Within certain limitations on incident intensity and target geometry, the model scales with experiments and calculations to within a factor of two over six decades in neutron yield.
Date:
November 4, 1977
Creator:
Storm, E. K.; Larsen, J. T.; Nuckolls, J. H.; Ahlstrom, H. G. & Manes, K. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A method to estimate the concentration of elements in smoke from burning vegetation growing in contaminated soil
The Savannah River Site has areas where soil is contaminated with metals and/or radionuclides. Many of these areas are surrounded by native vegetation which is growing adjacent to the area and where the roots have penetrated into the contaminated soil of the area. In some cases vegetation has actually invaded the contaminated area. Even though the volume of contaminated vegetation is small, there are problems associated with its disposal. Vegetation decomposes quickly after burial and the volume of buried vegetation can decrease. The voids left can lead to subsidence and possible failure of the clay cap constructed over hazardous and/or radioactive waste burial grounds. An alternative to burying the wood is to burn it and bury the ash. However, burning will introduce the contamination in the vegetation into the air where there is potential for inhalation of the contaminants. A procedure is described to assess the hazard associated with inhalation of contamination from burning of vegetation growing in contaminated soil. The procedure is applied to evaluation of the consequence of burning vegetation grown adjacent to and in the SRL Seepage Basins. The results indicate that burning the vegetation during the day could introduce a level of contaminants to the atmosphere …
Date:
March 4, 1991
Creator:
Murphy, C. E. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary plan for the development of geothermal energy in the town of Hawthorne, Nevada
Site characteristics pertinent to the geothermal development are described, including: physiography, demography, economy, and goals and objectives of the citizens as they relate to geothermal development. The geothermal reservoir is characterized on the basis of available information. The probable drilling depth to the reservoir, anticipated water production rates, water quality, and resource temperature are indicated. Uses of the energy that seem appropriate to the situation both now and in the near future at Hawthorne are described. The essential institutional requirements for geothermal energy development are discussed, including the financial, environmental, and legal and regulatory aspects. The various steps that are necessary to accomplish the construction of the geothermal district heating system are described.
Date:
November 4, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geology and Hydrology of the Project Rulison Exploratory Hole, Garfield County, Colorado.
None
Date:
April 4, 1969
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of complex fragment emission in heavy ion reactions
This report discusses the following topics: High energy photon production in a HI collision; the mechanism for the disassembly of excited {sup 16}O projectiles into four alpha particles; the disassembly of excited {sup 28}Si projectiles; large pre-fission multiplicities from temperature; dependent friction and fission barriers; multiplicity correlations; molecular beam induced fusion; dwarf ball and wall; mini wall; and computer and local data acquisition systems.
Date:
September 4, 1991
Creator:
Charity, R.J. & Sobotka, L.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development. Preliminary design report, Appendices, Part 1 (Final)
The objective of this project is the development of a preliminary design for a full-sized, closed cycle, ammonia power system module for the 100 MWe OTEC demonstration plant. In turn, this demonstration plant is to demonstrate, by 1984, the operation and performance of an Ocean Thermal Power Plant having sufficiently advanced heat exchanger design to project economic viability for commercial utilization in the late 1980's and beyond. Included in this power system development are the preliminary designs for a proof-of-concept pilot plant and test article heat exchangers which are scaled in such a manner as to support a logically sequential, relatively low-cost development of the full-scale power system module. The conceptual designs are presented for the demonstration plant power module, the proof-of-concept pilot plant, and for a pair of test article heat exchangers. Costs associated with the design, development, fabrication, checkout, delivery, installation, and operation are included. The accompanying design and producibilty studies on the full-scale power system module project the performance/economics for the commercial plant. This section of the report contains appendices on the developed computer models, water system dynamic studies, miscellaneous performance analysis, materials and processes, detailed equipment lists, turbine design studies, tube cleaner design, ammonia leak detection, …
Date:
December 4, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of a small pressurized water reactor for industrial energy
An evaluation of several recent ERDA/ORNL sponsored studies on the application of a small, 365 MW(t) pressurized water reactor for industrial energy is presented. Preliminary studies have investigated technical and reliability requirements; costs for nuclear and fossil based steam were compared, including consideration of economic inflation and financing methods. For base-load industrial steam production, small reactors appear economically attractive relative to coal fired boilers that use coal priced at $30/ton.
Date:
October 4, 1977
Creator:
Klepper, O. H.; Fuller, L. C. & Myers, M. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potassium vapor topping cycle. Technical progress report, April 1--June 30, 1977
The potassium vapor topping cycle is a concept for increasing the efficiency of the Rankine vapor cycle by raising the peak temperature by employing a potassium vapor cycle with a turbine inlet temperature of 1500 to 1600/sup 0/F (815 to 870/sup 0/C) in which the waste heat rejected from the condensing potassium vapor is transferred to boiling water and steam in a conventional steam cycle. An efficiency of about 50% is calculated for this cycle with a natural circulation potassium boiler fired by gas or oil. An Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) program is under way at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to build a full-scale potassium boiler tube bundle and burner module and test it with water and then potassium. Progress in this program is reported. The design work necessary for the installation of the potassium system was completed during the quarter. Fabrication of the potassium system components was finished. Installation of the condenser enclosure was completed and the drain tank was installed. Construction work on the equipment tower was completed.
Date:
October 4, 1977
Creator:
Holcomb, R. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary evaluation of fluid chemistry in the East Mesa KGRA
One of the major problems needing consideration when bringing a geothermal field into production is the anticipation and control of mineral precipitation in both the producing formations and production equipment. Prediction of the chemical interactions between natural multicomponent thermal fluids and the minerals comprising a producing formation can be accomplished by the study of equilibrium models approximating the natural system. Models are constructed from theoretically and experimentally derived thermodynamic data for the involved minerals and aqueous species. This equilibrium modeling approach was applied to the rock-water system at the East Mesa geothermal area in the Imperial Valley of California. Results of petrographic and fluid analyses are given. (JGB)
Date:
October 4, 1976
Creator:
Hoagland, J.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proton decay: 1982
Employing the current world average ..lambda../sub MS/ = 0.160 GeV as input, the minimal Georgi-Glashow SU(5) model predicts sin/sup 2/theta/sub W/(m/sub W/) = 0.214, m/sub b//m/sub tau/ approx. = 2.8 and tau/sub p/ approx. = (0.4 approx. 12) x 10/sup 29/ yr. The first two predictions are in excellent agreement with experiment; but the implied proton lifetime is already somewhat below the present experimental bound. In this status report, uncertainties in tau/sub p/ are described and effects of appendages to the SU(5) model (such as new fermion generations, scalars, supersymmetry, etc.) are examined.
Date:
March 4, 1982
Creator:
Marciano, William J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magnet power control system for the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade
This paper describes the desktop computer/CAMAC-based system that controls the power source for the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) magnet power system. Presently it contains 42 dc rectifier power supplies connected to 24 magnet coils arranged in 17 circuits. During each shot, the system delivers 22.6 MW dc to the magnets for about 3 s. The system is presently being changed to add six power supplies, two solenoidal throttle coils, and two reverse C-coils. When complete, the delivered power will increase to 36.9 MW. The closed-loop control system usually provides current (and thus, magnetic field) that is within 1% of the requested current. Achieving this accuracy required using grounding, shielding, and isolation methods to reduce noise and related problems. These are also discussed.
Date:
November 4, 1983
Creator:
Bell, H.H. Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Constructibility issues associated with a nuclear waste repository in basalt
This report contains the text and slide reproductions of a speech on nuclear waste disposal in basalt. The presentation addresses the layout of repository access shafts and subsurface facilities resulting from the conceptual design of a nuclear repository in basalt. The constructibility issues that must be resolved prior to construction are described. (DMC)
Date:
December 4, 1981
Creator:
Turner, D.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quality assurance program plan applicable to the KIPS technology verification phase
This Quality Program Plan describes the manner in which the Energy Systems Unit of the Advanced Technology Group Division of Sunstrand Corporation applies its Quality Assurance Program and Systems to control and assure commpliance to the Quality requirements in accordance with NRA-1, dated July 1, 1977, in support of the Kilowatt Isotope Power Systems (KIPS) Program Technology Verification Phase.
Date:
October 4, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Equation of state of vanadium. [To 3. 39 Mbar and 5 x 10/sup 4/ eV temperature]
A new, wide-range equation of state (EOS) for vanadium is presented. The generation of this EOS was of a fast-response nature. That is, the data base was constructed very rapidly, the analysis was very cursory, and it was inserted into the Bi-linear Logorithm (BLL) EOS library in 3 to 5 days. The composite theoretical model incorporates condensed matter, ionization equilibrium, and multiphase physics. The theoretical EOS was compared with all available high-temperature and high-pressure data for vanadium; good agreement was obtained. The welting on the Hugoniot could be observed because the Kopyshev gamma nuclear correction was used to generate the high-density region. 8 figures, 1 table.
Date:
January 4, 1978
Creator:
Wong, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geometric perturbation theory and plasma physics
Modern differential geometric techniques are used to unify the physical asymptotics underlying mechanics, wave theory and statistical mechanics. The approach gives new insights into the structure of physical theories and is suited to the needs of modern large-scale computer simulation and symbol manipulation systems. A coordinate-free formulation of non-singular perturbation theory is given, from which a new Hamiltonian perturbation structure is derived and related to the unperturbed structure. The theory of perturbations in the presence of symmetry is developed, and the method of averaging is related to reduction by a circle group action. The pseudo-forces and magnetic Poisson bracket terms due to reduction are given a natural asymptotic interpretation. Similar terms due to changing reference frames are related to the method of variation of parameters, which is also given a Hamiltonian formulation. These methods are used to answer a question about nearly periodic systems. The answer leads to a new secular perturbation theory that contains no ad hoc elements. Eikonal wave theory is given a Hamiltonian formulation that generalizes Whitham's Lagrangian approach. The evolution of wave action density on ray phase space is given a Hamiltonian structure using a Lie-Poisson bracket. The relationship between dissipative and Hamiltonian systems is discussed. …
Date:
April 4, 1985
Creator:
Omohundro, S.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library