The kinetics of transformation of zirconium binary alloys is being pursued. Mechanical property variation as a function of transformation if also being investigated. Zirconium-tin and zirconium-titanium alloys transform very rapidly when quenched from the beta field. These alloys have, generally speaking, been demonstrated to be not amenable to heat treatment in the normal sense of the word. Eutectoid alloys, principally zirconium-molybdenum alloys, have shown a definite response to heat treatment in terms of mechanical property variation. An embrittling agent, probably "omega" phase, is suspect at this time for the brittleness observed in certain molybdenum alloys and the very high hardness levels reached in other alloys such as zirconium-niobium and zirconium-thorium. Work to establish the existence of omega phase is in progress and, it is hoped, suggestions for avoiding the brittle condition associated with it will be forthcoming.

A survey of reactors believed to be suited for most effect competition with conventionally fueled power plants in the continental USA. Basic design data are summarized for a light-water-moderated boiling reactor and aqueous homogeneous reactors.

Methods of prebatching the electron beam by velocity-modulation techniques prior to injection into a linear accelerator are discussed. A particular method (i.e., bunching at the injection energy) is analyzed in detail for one- and tw0-cavidy bunching. The physical design f a single cavity prebuncher is given for a modulation voltage 10 percent of the injection voltage and a drift space of 40 cm.

The statistical theory of pressure broadening is developed for any interaction law in which the potential energy is inversely proportional to some power of the distance between the molecules, including cases in which the forces change sign. This note is intended to prove two propositions: A. When a spectral line is broadened by single impacts of perturbing molecules and the half-width of the line is delta infinity, the statistical theory of broadening is applicable provided delta infinity . R >> 1. In this criterion T is a time comparable to the interval in which the perturbed traverses a distance equal to the impact parameter. B. Far in the wings of a line the statistical theory is always applicable.

An active program is a present underway to develop equipment to handle liquid metals. Among the metals being studied are sodium and sodium--potassium alloy (the latter commonly referred to as NaK). In many of the systems being studied this liquid metal is pressurized by inert gas in the lines. At times it is necessary to bleed off some of this gas from the system. Although the gas is allowed to escape at a temperature at which the vapor pressure of sodium is extremely small, it has been found that excessive amounts of sodium are present in this gas stream. Either this sodium collects in the lead-off pipes from the system as a solid, threatening to block the passage in which it is found, or it passes out into the atmosphere. In order to explain the presence of such a dangerous concentration of sodium in the exit gas stream, it has been proposed that the sodium vapor present in the the system at high temperatures condenses into a mist or aerosol on cooling. This aerosol is stable and will not readily de-entrain or condense onto the surfaces over which it passes. Another possibility is that the oxygen present with the inert …

This technical report is a summary of unclassified theoretical work on propagation of one-dimensional shock waves and on the propagation of spherical shock waves in gases.

Ultrasonic inspection for subsurface flaws is widely used in American industry. This report reviews the general principles and specific techniques of ultrasonic testing. The information is based on a review of the technical literature plus the experience of the Quality Assurance Department at Sandia Corporation in applying this nondestructive testing technique to quality evaluation programs.

This note is concerned with the numerical integration of the integrals of the form anti l*SUB infinity/*SUP infinity/ f(x) *phi/(x) dx is "smooth."

The description of the thick-target neutron yields from the D(t,n)He4 and the D(d,n)He3 reactions is calculated as a function of the energy of the bombarding particles. For 60-kev particles the ratio is 108. I increases to 168 at 100 Kev and to 194 for 120-kev particles. A qualitative discussion of the yields from various deuterium target leads to the conclusion that the greatest yield would come from the target which has the lowest stopping cross section per deuterium atom.

The error that results when it is attempted to evaluate stress from a reading taken on a single element SR-4 strain gage in a biaxial stress field is discussed. A method is presented for relating SR-4 rosette strain gage readings directly to the biaxial stress state without the necessity of first converting strain gage readings to true strains. Correction formulas are presented for use when single element SR-4 gages are used as rosette elements or as stress gages.

Certain solutions of the cylindrical wave-equation, such as the Possio integral, which are needed in the investigation of 2-dimensional weak-shocks are are determined in this paper.

Ultrasonic inspection for subsurface flaws is widely used in American industry. This report reviews the general principles and specific techniques of ultrasonic testing. The information is based on a review of the technical literature plus the experience of the Quality Assurance Department at Sandia Corporation in applying this nondestructive testing technique to quality evaluation programs.

This paper discusses the forbidden and allowed harmonics of a hollow cylinder of barium titanate vibrating in the radial mode.

Fourier analyses are made on two functions. The first is a step function forward from periodic samples of a sinusoid. If the frequency of the sinusoid is less than one-half of the sampling frequency, it is shown that the step function has no frequency components less than one-half of the sampling frequency other than that of phase, and duration with respect to the interval of the analysis. It is shown that the insertion of a blank space in the period of analysis reduces greatly the uncertainty of the amplitude of the initial sinusoid as estimated from the results of the Fourier analysis. The results of the analyses are useful in the design and evaluation of certain analog data-analyzing systems.

The definition of the Lebesgue integral is used to develop a numerical integration method in which the integral is evaluated directly from a contour plot of the function. It is useful in working from weather maps, potential surfaces, etc., but was particularly designed to assist in reducing blast diffraction space-time diagrams to simple, meaningful quantities.

A series of two-dimensional airfoils were run through a complete 360 ° angle of attack range to determine their low-speed force characteristics. The airfoils were chosen in an attempt to vary as many parameters (such as thickness, camber, thickness distribution, etc.) as possible with the limited number of shapes that time permitted. All airfoils tested had lift curves with two distinct stalls and quite similar drag curves between 0 ° and 90 ° angle of attack. The highly cambered sections developed peculiar characteristics in the inverted and trailing edge forward positions, as might be expected. The effective test Reynolds number of 0.81 x 10(6) based on the model chord of one foot.

As an aid in forecasting possible blast damage in areas distant from a bomb burst point, a special-purpose electronic analog computer has been developed. Sound ray paths (orthogonal trajectories to sound wave front) are computed as a function of meteorological conditions.

A simple non-destructive chemical method for the identification of cadmium plating is presented. The test requires no special techniques or equipment and may be conducted in less than fifteen seconds.

This memorandum is a compilation of general information concerned with the arrangement of elements on a control panel. Arrangement considerations that lead to to improved ease and accuracy of operation are presented to assist the engineer in designing new control panels.

This memorandum is an outline of the principles and methods employed by 5100 Human Engineering Personnel in consultation on test equipment panel layout. The process of control panel layout is partially formalized with particular emphasis on test equipment panels. An experimental method is proposed for selecting an optimum panel layout. The essential role of experimentation is pointed out. The optimal layout for a nonrepetitive procedure is deduced and generalized to give methods of layout solution for the general repetitive procedure.

The results of an experimental pilot study on the location time, for a sequence of N specified positions on a panel, are given for 1 <_ N <_ 30. The positions to be located were randomly arranged on one set of panels and arranged according to an ordering scheme on a second set of panels. Th location time for N positions randomly arranged on a panel varies approximately as N(2). In the case of an order arrangement the location time is essentially proportional to N. Even for as few as 30 positions, the location time for an random arrangement was twelve times greater than for an order panel. For 60 positions the ratio would be 19, and for 90 positions the ratio would be 26.

A preliminary mathematical study is made of the maximum expected expansion of barium titanate ceramic. It is noted that there is insufficient physical evidence for a complete answer and some possible mathematical models are discussed and compared.

The following are some of the equipment currently used in the Health Physics counting rooms at the Laboratory: scintillation counters, end window beta-gamma counters, precipitcon beta-gamma counter, autoscaler beta-gamma counter, and continuous flow proportional counter. This technical report describes the equipment, supporting equipment, procedures, and sample preparation in use at the Laboratory.

It is assumed that when a hole appears in the cladding of a reactor fuel tube the fission products in the space between the fuel and the cladding will diffuse towards the hole. There they are swept away by the flow of steam past the hole. The process of diffusion is assumed to be governed by the ordinary diffusion equation with the boundary condition that the density of the fission products is zero at the surface of the hole. The diffusion equation is solved for the case of steady-state emission for a number of geometrical arrangements: long slit in plane surface; long slit in cylindrical surfaces circular hole in plane surface; circular hole in cylindrical surface; hole at end of cylindrical fuel rods and diffusion space of variable thickness. The time dependent solution of the diffusion equation is also found for a planar diffusion space. The effect of a temperature gradient is discussed.