Article exploring PAD4 functions in plant defense by expressing the N-terminal PAD4 lipase-like domain (PAD4ᴸᴸᴰ) without its C-terminal EDS1-PAD4 (EP) domain. The authors show that transgenic expression of PAD4ᴸᴸᴰ in Arabidopsis is sufficient for limiting GPA infestation but not for conferring basal and effector-triggered pathogen immunity. This suggests that the C-terminal PAD4 EP domain is necessary for EDS1-dependent immune functions but is dispensable for aphid resistance. Moreover, PAD4ᴸᴸᴰ is not sufficient to interact with EDS1, indicating the PAD4-EP domain is required for stable heterodimerization. These data provide molecular evidence that PAD4 has domain-specific functions.

Article describes study in which researchers characterized the influence of temperature on arterial acid–base balance and intracellular pH (pHi) in the bimodal-breathing swamp eel, Monopterus albus.

Article describes a study which tried to determine which of three methods (useing a drumming device to simulate a double‐knock (i.e., territorial acoustical signal), broadcasting a territorial call, or passively listening) best results in a detection of Magellanic Woodpeckers (Campephilus magellanicus ), and if weather variables influence detection probability.

Article on the publication of a volume of articles of researchers addressing various fundamental questions in lipid signaling in plants.

Article evaluating the response to the pharmacological compounds Fluoxetine, Muscimol, and Verapamil in primary neuronal cultures. Final conclusions are drawn that MEA technology has a potential for standard in vitro neurotoxicity/neuropharmacology evaluation.

This article conducts a study to evaluate the utility of Hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) as a target for lignin modification in a species with an “incomplete” shikimate shunt. Results imply that this gene is a preferred target for biotechnological improvement of grasses for bioprocessing.

Article identifying novel epigenetic regulators for tfpia and exploiting this information to discover a drug that enhances tfpia mRNA levels and prolongation of TTO. This discovery provides the basis for testing whether UNC6852 could be used as an antithrombotic drug.