This article proves the existence of an infinite number of radial solutions of Δu+K(r)ƒ(u) = 0, one with exactly n zeros for each nonnegative integer n on the exterior of the ball of radius R > 0, Bʀ, centered at the origin in ℝᴺ with u = 0 on ∂Bʀ and limᵣ→∞u(r) = 0 where N > 2, f is odd with ƒ < 0 on (0; β), ƒ > 0 on (β;∞), ƒ(u) ~ uᵖ with 0 < p < 1 for large u and K(r) ~ r-α with 0 < α < 2 for large r.

Article describes study in which novel approaches to test the effects of gene-environment (GE) interactions of rare and/or common risk, and/or protective variants in sequencing association studies were developed.