The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex differences could be observed in computer use among preschool disadvantaged children. Each of the twenty-two three- and four-year-old children were administered the Bardwell- Sietsema Sex Stereotype Scale to obtain a measure of sex role identification. Subject's choice of a pre-programming or academic-oriented software program as well as actual time at the computer were also carefully recorded over a five week period. Data supports the following: there does not appear to be a relationship between sex role stereotyping and computer use among three and four year old disadvantaged children, stereotypical sex role identification exists between three and four year old disadvantaged children, the amount of time spent at the computer during free choice periods does not differ between boys and girls, and there is no difference between boys and girls in terms of choice of academic or pre-programming software.

The problem of this study was to determine the relationship between the effectiveness of student teachers as measured by student ratings and situation-specific anxiety toward the act of teaching. Data for the study were obtained by the use of the Teacher Anxiety Scale and the Student Evaluation of Teaching Scale. The statistical evidence does not justify a conclusion that there is a relationship between the effectiveness of student teachers as measured by student ratings and situation-specific anxiety of student teachers toward the act of teaching. The statistical evidence does not support the conclusion that pupil ratings of student teachers are significantly affected by the student teacher's level of anxiety, sex, or teaching level. Furthermore, there is no statistical evidence given by the study that there is a significant difference in situation-specific anxiety among student teacher groups (Elementary or Secondary) according to sex or level of student teaching.

The problem of this investigation was an analysis of selected variables that affected woman's role-concept. Specifically this research was concerned with how a woman's role-concept was influenced by education. This research concluded that the level of education influenced role-concept. Respondents with more than a high school education were very contemporary. Other variable such as marital status, age, parental views, ethnic group, and major seemed to have little effect on role-concept. All groups surveyed were more contemporary than traditional. Further research to determine if all women are becoming contemporary would be meaningful.

The purpose of this study was to use a cross categorical scoring method for sociometric data focusing upon those individuals who have made the selections. A cross category selection was defined as choosing an individual on a sociometric instrument who was not within one's own classification. The classifications used for this study were sex, race, and perceived achievement level. A cross category score was obtained by summing the number of cross category selections. The conclusions below are the result of this study. Cross categorical scoring provides a useful method of scoring sociometric data. This method successfully focuses on those individuals who make sociometric choices rather than those who receive them. Each category utilized provides a unique contribution. The categories used in this study were sex, race, and achievement level. These are, however, only reflective of any number of variables which could be used. The categories must be chosen to reflect the needs of the particular study in which they are included. Multiple linear regression analysis can be used in order to provide the researcher with enough scope to handle numerous nominal and ordinal independent variables simultaneously. The sociometric criterion or question does make a difference in the results on cross …

The problem of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the note-test method and the traditional lecture method of teaching general introductory microbiology. The study was prompted by the desire to improve teaching strategies in microbiology in order to improve the attitudes of students taking microbiology at the Indiana College of Mortuary Science. The conclusions are that the note-test method of teaching is at least as effective as the traditional lecture method but is not better than the traditional method in regard to student achievement or student attitudes about the microbiology course to which they were assigned. Since the method requires less lecturing than the traditional lecture method used in this study, it may be used effectively by some instructors in certain subject matter areas and may hold promise in maintaining achievement and acceptable attitude levels.

The problem of this study was to measure the effect upon the tone quality of singers resulting from identifying a specific goal, modeling with a cassette tape of the student's own voice, prescribing practice, and giving verbal approval. On the basis of the findings, these conclusions are drawn. (1) There is no significant difference in prescribing practice of an identified goal, utilizing a model or giving verbal approval. (2) Higher gain in pretest - posttest scores for the experimental groups while the control group showed the lowest gain suggests these teaching methods may be effective. (3) A high correlation of raters can be attained by the training method used in this study.

The problem of this study was to analyze the effect that a legislature-mandated quarter system was having on certain selected middle schools in the State of Texas, Some educators have claimed that the quarter system makes it possible to add flexibility to school programs. This study, therefore, was an attempt to find out if local school districts were taking advantage of this opportunity. A second goal of the study was to determine how principals, teachers, and curriculum directors felt about the manner in which schools were implementing certain teaching strategies which experts in this field have recommended for use in middle schools. It was concluded that the schools were not taking advantage of the quarter system in order to more nearly approach the middle school concept. Educators do not seem to be against the innovations proposed by middle school authorities so it would seem that the time is right for a full commitment to the area of schooling for the middle years. The support of the general public then will be a key factor in the success of the middle school. Educators must make an effort to keep the public better informed about the way children learn and grow if …

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of the computer in higher education at state-supported senior colleges and universities in the United States. The following findings and conclusions are based on the information gained from the study. 1. The average number of years computers have been used by institutions of higher education is ten. The length of time increases with both the level of offering and the enrollment of the institution. 2. A greater emphasis is placed on administrative use of the computer than on other uses. 3. A majority of the institutions have one centralized computer center that provides services to all users. Also, the majority of the individual computer users are provided the services without explicit charges or are only charged for a part of the services. 4. Policies pertaining to the use of the computer are most frequently formulated by the director of the computer center and a computer usage committee. 5. The amount of money spent for each of the different categories for expenditures (administrative, academic, and research) increases with the level of offering of the institutions. 6. Sixty-eight per cent of the institutions now offer an academic program in computer science and …

This study was an experimental design, using twenty-two variables, twelve covariates, and six criterion measures. The purpose of the study was the effect of the use of selected transcription drills in beginning shorthand on the ability of students to produce both typewritten copy and mailable letters from shorthand notes. The bases for comparison were five minute timed transcription tests, three-minute dictation tests, and thirty-minute mailable letter production tests, of both previewed and unpreviewed material.

The problem of this study is that of developing a program of study of Mexican literature at the graduate level at North Texas State University. The study of literature and culture is approached by probing into the influences on the thinking of the Mexican and by using an in-depth study, rather than an "anthology" approach to teaching. The findings of the study indicate a need for an upper level course in Mexican literature at North Texas State University. Therefore, the following recommendations seem appropriate: (1) that North Texas State University initiate a course in Mexican literature which may be utilized by both students in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and students in the Bilingual/Bicultural Education program; (2) that the course be made available to both graduate and upper-level students; (3) that oral communication be emphasized in the course and that student participation in the target language be maximized.

This study is concerned with the administrative and educational contributions of Don Heath Morris to Abilene Christian College. The aim of this investigation is to ascertain the purposes of those who founded Abilene Christian College and to study the effects of the philosophy and work of Don H. 'Morris on the school. Attention is also given to the changes that occurred in Morris' philosophy as he adjusted to the vicissitudes of a growing college during a period when American higher education was making dramatic changes. Perhaps the outstanding quality of Don H. Morris as a college administrator was his persistence and single-mindedness in pressing for the achieving of the school's goals. He had the ability to see a goal clearly and to work toward it tirelessly. He never allowed the burdens of office that might have deterred a less committed and determined person to come between him and his devotion to the purposes of the school. Morris' basic philosophy of Christianity and Christian education was matured and intensified during his years at Abilene Christian College. His life was fulfilled in his work at Abilene Christian College, and Abilene Christian College bears the lasting impression of his personality and philosophy.

This investigation, which was conducted on the post-secondary level and included vocational and academic students, was undertaken to develop an instrument to assess the attitude and knowledge of students concerning body language and to develop a module of instruction in body language to favorably influence their attitude and knowledge concerning body language. Hypotheses were formulated related to the differences in mean effective and cognitive scores of the experimental group who were taught body language and the control group. Additional hypotheses were formulated related to mean differences in the scores of students differing in age, sex, business experience, and prior exposure to body language. The findings of this study included first, the testing of the instrument; second, the testing of the validity of the research design and third, the testing of the hypotheses. The following conclusions are based on the findings of the study: the instrument seems to be acceptable for assessing the attitude and knowledge of post—secondary students concerning body language, the module of instruction in body language seems to be acceptable as a basis for influencing the attitude and knowledge of post—secondary students concerning body language, the mid-management and speech students were comparable in attitude and knowledge concerning body …

This study has a twofold purpose. The first is to determine through the administration of selected instruments the educational needs of television production personnel employed by businesses and industries engaged in the production of non-commercial television programs. The second is to develop a community college curriculum based on the assessed needs of the production personnel.

The problem with which this study is concerned is the investigation of certain selected elements of technological change upon certain selected elements of psychosocial change and the relationship of such changes upon modern man's ability to adjust to these changes. The necessity for psychosocial change and, consequently, adjustment, has risen dramatically in the past few decades as a result of rapid technological and scientific advances for which modern man has been ill-prepared.

The purpose of the study was to establish a methodology for evaluating the receptivity of faculty and administrators to proposals for an on-going program of N-TE. Sub-purposes were (1) identification of criteria for evaluating institutional readiness, (2) field application and test of the criteria, and (3) development of techniques and methodologies for determining the optimum state of readiness a small college should achieve before proceeding with N-TE. Judged by the response by some interviewees, the critical factor in implementing N-TE successfully is a spirit of readiness, zeal, or fervor of faculty and administrators. They want to provide educational services and want to serve people whose needs have not been met previously.

This study is an intensive examination of the role, position, and perceptions of women school board members in Texas as they perceive them. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions which women school board members have concerning their role, function, and relationships as they serve on school boards in Texas and to determine if sex prejudice does exist. There were eight basic questions to which the study sought answers. The findings indicate that the perceptions of women board members are not influenced by age, marital status, parental status, educational level, and years of experience. They also revealed that only a small minority of the Texas school board women responding had experienced instances of sex discrimination. Doubt was expressed through the responses of the women as to whether or not superintendents encourage the election of a man as board president. Size of the school district was found to have no effect on the number of women board members serving. It was found to be a factor in whether or not a woman was designated chairman of a board committee as only the larger districts were likely to have women serving in this capacity.

It has been just over twenty years since the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas decision was handed down by the Supreme Court. During this period, educators, and in particular, school administrators have found themselves in a unique position between two masters—the public that supports public education through taxes, and the orders of the courts they are legally required to follow. Therefore, school administrators, functioning as social engineers, have devised various practices to provide a smooth transition from segregated to desegregated school systems. This study was designed to determine the practices used by selected school districts to cope with this change and to determine the effectiveness of these practices as perceived by central-staff administrators. Selected large city school districts with enrollments of 30,000 students and above, located in the six southern states under the jurisdiction of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, were selected for this study. These districts, of which there were thirty-four, also had to be under a federal court desegregation order to be included. The survey data reveal that the most effective desegregation practice for students is the provision of alternative schools and programs to assist students unable to cope with the regular school environment. …

Although in 1915 there was no drama education in Methodist colleges and universities in Texas, today all Methodist schools of higher education in Texas have at least course offerings in drama. Southern Methodist University was one of the first Methodist schools to offer such courses which began with the hiring of Mary McCord to teach public speaking in September, 1915. The problem of this study is to explain the contributions of Mary McCord to the development of drama education at Southern Methodist University. It is recommended that the development of the department after Miss McCord retired be examined, that the students taught by Miss McCord who chose theatre as their life's work be interviewed about the effect of her training on their careers, and that a thorough study of the McCord Theatre Collection be undertaken.

The problem of this study is to see if there is more symbolic language transfer by autistic children in an untrained matching situation if there has been previous training on similar matching situations. The purposes of the study are twofold. The first is to see if subjects will make a motor sign response untrained to an object if the word for the object has been trained to the motor sign response and to see if they will make a motor sign response untrained to a word for an object if they have been trained to make the response to the object named. The second is to see, if transfer occurs, whether the order presentations of object and word are a factor.

The purposes of this study are to determine the understanding of economic concepts and attitudes toward economic education of selected elementary teachers, to determine which variables relate to the understanding of economic concepts and attitudes toward economic education, to determine the interaction of selected variables, and to determine if there is a positive correlation between the understanding of economic concepts and attitudes toward economic education. The analysis of data reveals the following: 1. Completion of a recent college level social studies methods course does not appear to have a significant relation to the teachers' understanding of economic concepts. The methods course does appear to have some positive significant relation to teachers' attitudes toward economic education, although not significant at the .05 level. 2. Completion of two or more college level courses in economics does not appear to have a significant relation to the teachers' understanding of economic concepts or their attitudes toward economic education. 3. Participation in a Developmental Economic Education Program (DEEP) workshop appears to have a significant relation to the teachers' understanding of economic concepts, but does not appear to have a significant relation to their attitudes toward economic education. 4. Teaching assignment (classroom organization) does not appear …

The problem of this study was to effect a comparative study of B. F. Skinner and John Dewey with respect to the development of a technology of teaching. The purposes of this study were to analyze and compare the writings of Dewey and Skinner as they relate to the development of a technology of teaching, to synthesize the findings of this analysis and comparison and direct it to the technology of teaching, and to create and enumerate new insights into the teaching phenomena. The procedures for completing the study were based upon the selection of four basic constructs which allowed a framework on which to hang a comparative study of B. F. Skinner and John Dewey as their writings related to the development of a technology of teaching. These constructs were (1) naturalism and the scientific point of view; (2) knowledge and experience; (3) evolution and control of culture; and (4) the philosophy of education as it relates to the technology of teaching. The methods used to complete the study were the analysis and synthesis of Dewey's and Skinner's writings and their relative positions to the four constructs mentioned were shown. Other authorities were also consulted in hopes that the …

The purpose of this study was to produce functional criteria that could be used for the initial selection, reappointment and promotion of faculty in baccalaureate schools of nursing. The establishment of the criteria was derived from a tentative criteria that was developed from seventeen research questions. The review of nursing and related literature was conducted to focus on and to justify the tentative criteria. It was presented under the following categories: faculty selection, reappointment and promotion; academic preparation of nurse faculty; nursing research; and continuing education in nursing. The data indicated that a master's degree in a clinical nursing specialty is the minimum academic preparation for faculty in baccalaureate schools of nursing. There was a strong indication from the data that a doctoral degree in nursing will be the expected future academic preparation of collegiate nursing faculty. Continuing education, research, publication, and community service were given a high priority as criteria for reappointment and promotion. The criterion regarding work experience during the summer in a clinical practice setting is currently not given consideration, if any, for reappointment and promotion. However, it was given more consideration as one of the criteria that should be utilized in reappointment and promotion.

The problem with which this study was concerned was that of evaluating and comparing of locus of control scores and interpersonal distance among the institutionalized and non-institutionalized mildly retarded populations. The hypothetical assumptions specifically stated that the institutionalized retardates will be more externally oriented, will show a greater interpersonal distance towards stimuli with no specific expectancies. In view of the findings of the study, the following recommendations are offered: 1. Determination and evaluation of locus of control in retardates may be a useful technique in assessing their personality and understanding their psychological needs. Several investigators have been attempted with neurotics and subjects with character disorders, but none is reported with retarded populations. Such information may contribute to planning and programming for this particular group. 2. Determination of the retardates' interpersonal space may be an important approach in assessing their personality structure. Such studies have been conducted with the emotionally disturbed children, schizophrenics and normal subjects; however, none has been conducted with retardates. 3. The instruments used for this study have been designed for and standardized on samples of normal populations. To achieve more accurate results, these instruments should be designed for and standardized on a sample consisting of retarded subjects. …

The problem explored by this study is the nature of b-d confusion as it is exhibited by remedial and nonremedial readers at various elementary ages in the areas of letter identification, spelling, and reading. The purposes of Phase I of the study were to examine the progressive phase-out of b-d errors committed by samples of remedial and nonremedial readers and to explore certain factors that could be related to the problem. The object of Phase II was to describe subjects with extreme b-d reversal problems. Extreme b-d reversers were found to have been average or below on first-grade-readiness scores and significantly below grade-level placement in reading achievement. School marks were also generally low. As a whole, the extremes were predominantly right-handed and no sex bias was detected. When the extremes were compared to subjects above average in b-d responses, the extremes made significantly more errors on other letters, were able to read significantly fewer words, and required significantly more assistance in spelling. These groups significantly differed on position of b-d reversals in reading, but not in spelling, nor on the proportion of real words actually produced when reversals were made in reading. Reversal of b and d was not associated …