The simplicity and ease of use of the Rasch procedure is a decided advantage. The test user needs only two numbers: the frequency of persons who answered each item correctly and the Rasch-calibrated item difficulty, usually a part of an existing item bank. Norms can be computed quickly for any specific group of interest. In addition, once the selected items from the calibrated bank are normed, any test, built from the item bank, is automatically norm-referenced. Thus, it was concluded that the Rasch quick norm procedure is a meaningful alternative to traditional classical true score norming for test users who desire normative data.

The mitigation of outliers serves to increase the strength of a relationship between variables. This study defined outliers in three different ways and used five regression procedures to describe the effects of outliers on 50 data sets. This study also examined the relationship among the shape of the distribution, skewness, and outliers.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of item response theory and different types of judges on a standard. The iterative Angoff standard setting method was employed by all judges to determine a cut-off score for a public school district-wide criterion-reformed test. The analysis of variance of the effect of judge type and standard setting method on the central tendency of the standard revealed the existence of an ordinal interaction between judge type and method. Without any knowledge of p-values, one judge group set an unrealistic standard. A significant disordinal interaction was found concerning the effect of judge type and standard setting method on the variance of the standard. A positive covariance was detected between judges' minimum pass level estimates and empirical item information. With both p-values and b-values, judge groups had mean minimum pass levels that were positively correlated (ranging from .77 to .86), regardless of the type of information given to the judges. No differences in correlations were detected between different judge types or different methods. The generalizability coefficients and phi indices for 12 judges included in any method or judge type were acceptable (ranging from .77 to .99). The generalizability coefficient and phi index …