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Border Security: Progress and Challenges in DHS Implementation and Assessment Efforts (open access)

Border Security: Progress and Challenges in DHS Implementation and Assessment Efforts

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), has reported progress in stemming illegal cross-border activity, but it could strengthen the assessment of its efforts. For example, since fiscal year 2011, DHS has used the number of apprehensions on the southwest border between ports of entry (POE) as an interim measure for border security. GAO reported in December 2012 that apprehensions decreased across the southwest border from fiscal years 2006 through 2011, generally mirroring a decrease in estimated known illegal entries in each southwest border sector. CBP attributed this decrease in part to changes in the U.S. economy and increased resources for border security. Data reported by CBP's Office of Border Patrol (Border Patrol) show that total apprehensions across the southwest border increased from over 327,000 in fiscal year 2011 to about 357,000 in fiscal year 2012. It is too early to assess whether this increase indicates a change in the trend. GAO testified in February 2013 that the number of apprehensions provides information on activity levels but does not inform program results or resource allocation decisions. Border Patrol is in the …
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gas Pipeline Safety: Guidance and More Information Needed before Using Risk-Based Reassessment Intervals (open access)

Gas Pipeline Safety: Guidance and More Information Needed before Using Risk-Based Reassessment Intervals

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Baseline assessment and reassessment data collected by the Department of Transportation's (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) since 2004 show that pipeline operators are making repairs in highly populated or frequented areas ("high consequence areas"). For example, from 2004 to 2009, operators made 1,080 immediate repairs. While operators can use assessment data to determine reassessment intervals for specific pipelines, PHMSA's data are aggregated and cannot indicate an appropriate maximum interval for all pipelines nationwide. Such a determination requires, for example, collaboration of subject matter experts and analysis of technical studies."
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Forensics: Additional Planning and Oversight Needed to Establish an Enduring Expeditionary Forensic Capability (open access)

Defense Forensics: Additional Planning and Oversight Needed to Establish an Enduring Expeditionary Forensic Capability

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Defense (DOD) has taken some important steps to establish an enduring expeditionary forensic capability by issuing a concept of operations in 2008, followed by a directive in 2011 to establish policy and assign responsibilities. As required by the directive, DOD has drafted a strategic plan to guide the activities of the Defense Forensic Enterprise, including expeditionary forensics. Although the plan includes a mission statement, and goals and objectives--two of the five key elements identified by GAO as integral to a well-developed strategic plan--it does not identify approaches for how goals and objectives will be achieved, milestones and metrics to gauge progress, and resources needed to achieve goals and objectives. GAO's prior work has shown that organizations need a well-developed strategic plan to identify and achieve their goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. Officials in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (OUSD(AT&L)) said that they decided to create a concise, high-level strategic plan and that they plan to issue guidance tasking the DOD components to develop individual implementation plans that include milestones. However, approaches, metrics, and resources …
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Department of Homeland Security: Opportunities Exist to Enhance Visibility over Collaborative Field Mechanisms (open access)

Department of Homeland Security: Opportunities Exist to Enhance Visibility over Collaborative Field Mechanisms

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Opportunities exist for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to enhance its visibility over collaborative field mechanisms (i.e., multiagency groups such as task forces, committees, and teams that enhance stakeholder collaboration to more effectively and efficiently achieve their missions) established by component agencies. DHS, at the departmental level, has limited visibility over the universe and operation of these mechanisms and does not identify information from them that could further enhance collaboration across DHS and inform future DHS decisions. In the absence of a single DHS regional/field structure, DHS components have created collaborative mechanisms to better integrate field operations by better coordinating their missions and sharing information. However, when GAO sought to identify these mechanisms, in conjunction with DHS, senior DHS officials stated that while they maintain regular visibility over component activities--which may involve these collaborative mechanisms--DHS does not collect information on the types of mechanisms and collaborative practices these mechanisms employ because the mechanisms operate under the components, and thus this information was not readily available at the departmental level. DHS officials stated that primary oversight over the mechanisms is the responsibility of the operational components …
Date: September 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Insurance Markets: Impacts of and Regulatory Response to the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis (open access)

Insurance Markets: Impacts of and Regulatory Response to the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The effects of the financial crisis on insurers and policyholders were generally limited, with a few exceptions. While some insurers experienced capital and liquidity pressures in 2008, their capital levels had recovered by the end of 2009. Net income also dropped but recovered somewhat in 2009. Effects on insurers' investments, underwriting performance, and premium revenues were also limited. However, some life insurers that offered variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits, as well as financial and mortgage guaranty insurers, were more affected by their exposures to the distressed equity and mortgage markets. The crisis had a generally minor effect on policyholders, but some mortgage and financial guaranty policyholders--banks and other commercial entities--received partial claims or faced decreased availability of coverage."
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electronic Health Records: Long History of Management Challenges Raises Concerns about VA's and DOD's New Approach to Sharing Health Information (open access)

Electronic Health Records: Long History of Management Challenges Raises Concerns about VA's and DOD's New Approach to Sharing Health Information

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Departments of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Defense (DOD) have undertaken a number of patchwork efforts over the past 15 years to achieve interoperability (i.e., the ability to share data) of records between their information systems; however, these efforts have faced persistent challenges. The departments' early efforts to achieve interoperability included enabling DOD to electronically transfer service members' electronic health information to VA; allowing clinicians at both departments viewable access to records on shared patients; and developing an interface linking the departments' health data repositories. As GAO reported, however, several of these efforts were plagued by project planning and management weaknesses, inadequate accountability, and poor oversight, limiting their ability to realize full interoperability."
Date: February 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Indian Affairs: Management Challenges Continue to Hinder Efforts to Improve Indian Education (open access)

Indian Affairs: Management Challenges Continue to Hinder Efforts to Improve Indian Education

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Management challenges within the Department of Interior's Office of the Assistant Secretary - Indian Affairs (Indian Affairs), such as fragmented administrative structures and frequent turnover in leadership, continue to hamper efforts to improve Indian education. For example, incompatible procedures and lack of clear roles for the Bureau of Indian Education and the Indian Affairs' Deputy Assistant Secretary for Management (DAS-M), which provides administrative functions to BIE, such as human resources and acquisitions, contribute to delays in schools acquiring needed materials and resources. According to BIE officials, some DAS-M staff are not aware of the necessary procedures and timelines to meet schools' needs. For instance, delays in contracting have occasionally affected BIE's ability to provide services for students with disabilities in a timely manner. A study commissioned by Indian Affairs to evaluate the administrative support structure for BIE and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)--also under Indian Affairs--concluded that organizations within Indian Affairs, including DAS-M, BIA, and BIE, do not coordinate effectively and communication among them is poor. Similarly, preliminary results from GAO's work suggest that lack of consistent leadership within DAS-M and BIE hinders collaboration between the two …
Date: February 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Combating Autism Act: HHS Agencies Responded with New and Continuing Activities, Including Oversight (open access)

Combating Autism Act: HHS Agencies Responded with New and Continuing Activities, Including Oversight

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) agencies responded to the Combating Autism Act of 2006 (CAA) by establishing some new autism activities and continuing others. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) created a new initiative to address specific directives in the CAA. Through this initiative, HRSA expanded its existing training programs by requiring grantees to include training specific to autism. It also established new autism research grants and funded new state grants to improve services for children with autism. HRSA awards its autism grants under the authority of the CAA. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continued their autism activities--some of which were undertaken in response to the Children's Health Act of 2000--but did not create new programs as a direct result of the CAA. NIH continued to fund, expand, and coordinate autism research through its Autism Centers of Excellence and autism-specific grants and contracts. CDC continued to fund its regional centers of excellence for autism epidemiology and other activities, such as an awareness campaign. HHS's Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC)--reauthorized by the CAA--assumed additional responsibilities …
Date: February 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Strategic Sourcing: Improved and Expanded Use Could Provide Procurement Savings for Federal Information Technology (open access)

Strategic Sourcing: Improved and Expanded Use Could Provide Procurement Savings for Federal Information Technology

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In September 2012, GAO reported that many large procurement agencies were in the early stages of implementing strategic sourcing and had achieved limited results. For example, in fiscal year 2011, the Departments of Defense, Homeland Security, Energy, and Veterans Affairs accounted for 80 percent of the $537 billion in federal procurement spending, but reported managing about 5 percent of that spending, or $25.8 billion, through strategic sourcing efforts. These agencies reported savings of $1.8 billion--less than one-half of 1 percent of federal procurement spending. Further, most of these agencies' strategic sourcing efforts did not address their highest spending areas--including some information technology (IT)-related services--which may provide opportunities for additional savings. While strategic sourcing may not be suitable for all procurements, leading companies strategically manage about 90 percent of their procurements and report annual savings of 10 percent or more. When strategic sourcing contracts were used, federal agencies generally reported achieving savings between 5 and 20 percent."
Date: February 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
National Preparedness: HHS Is Monitoring the Progress of Its Medical Countermeasure Efforts but Has Not Provided Previously Recommended Spending Estimates (open access)

National Preparedness: HHS Is Monitoring the Progress of Its Medical Countermeasure Efforts but Has Not Provided Previously Recommended Spending Estimates

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has established timelines and milestones for the 72 Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) priorities--33 activities, 25 threat-based approaches, and 14 capabilities--that HHS selected as key to fulfilling PHEMCE strategic goals. However, HHS has not made spending estimates for its medical countermeasure development or procurement priorities (priority countermeasures) publicly available. In the PHEMCE implementation plan, HHS has grouped the 72 PHEMCE priorities into three time frames for completion--near-term (fiscal years 2012 through 2014), midterm (fiscal years 2015 through 2017), and long-term (fiscal year 2018 and beyond). For 21 priority activities, 10 priority threat-based approaches, and 8 priority capabilities, HHS and PHEMCE have identified specific deliverables, each tied to a milestone or set of milestones that delineate the steps necessary to complete deliverables, and established more specific timelines for completion of deliverables and milestones. For example, HHS's Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) is to lead the development of medical countermeasure requirements, which outline countermeasure quantity, type, and desired characteristics. Deliverables are the threat-specific requirements, such as for antidotes for mustard gas and other …
Date: December 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Real Property: High-Risk Designation Remains due to Persistent Management Challenges (open access)

Federal Real Property: High-Risk Designation Remains due to Persistent Management Challenges

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins ""
Date: February 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Social Security Death Data: Additional Action Needed to Address Data Errors and Federal Agency Access (open access)

Social Security Death Data: Additional Action Needed to Address Data Errors and Federal Agency Access

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Social Security Administration (SSA) receives death reports from multiple sources, including state vital records agencies (states), family members, and other federal agencies to create its set of death records. In accordance with the Social Security Act (Act), SSA shares its full set of death data with certain agencies that pay federally-funded benefits, for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy of those payments. For other users of SSA's death data, SSA extracts a subset of records into a file called the Death Master File (DMF), which, to comply with the Act, excludes state-reported death data. SSA makes the DMF available via the Department of Commerce's National Technical Information Service, from which any member of the public can purchase DMF data. Certain procedures that SSA uses for collecting, verifying, and maintaining death reports could result in erroneous or untimely death information. For example, SSA does not independently verify all reports before including them in its death records. In accordance with its policy, the agency only verifies death reports for Social Security beneficiaries in order to stop benefit payments, and then, verifies only those reports from sources it …
Date: November 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
School Lunch: Modifications Needed to Some of the New Nutrition Standards (open access)

School Lunch: Modifications Needed to Some of the New Nutrition Standards

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "School districts faced several challenges implementing the new lunch requirements in school year 2012-2013, according to the eight districts GAO visited and food service and industry officials GAO interviewed from across the country; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) response to some of these challenges has been limited. For example, because USDA regulations restrict the amounts of meats and grains that can be served in school lunches each week, all eight districts GAO visited needed to modify or eliminate popular menu items. These changes sometimes led to negative student reactions. The meat and grain restrictions also led to smaller lunch entrees, making it difficult for some schools to meet minimum calorie requirements for lunches without adding items, such as gelatin, that generally do not improve the nutritional quality of lunches. In response to feedback from states and districts regarding operational challenges caused by the meat and grain restrictions, USDA lifted the limits temporarily, first for the remainder of school year 2012-2013 and then for school year 2013-2014. USDA officials said they did not see a problem making the temporary changes to help with implementation because the limits …
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Contractor Performance: DOD Actions to Improve the Reporting of Past Performance Information (open access)

Contractor Performance: DOD Actions to Improve the Reporting of Past Performance Information

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Defense (DOD) strategy for improving the reporting of contractor past performance information consists of providing additional training to its acquisition workforce and developing tools and metrics to improve oversight. The number of personnel trained more than doubled since 2010 to more than 7,000, and DOD oversight officials now have the ability to track compliance with reporting requirements down to the level of individual contracting offices. DOD continues to utilize existing past performance guidance, which generally aligns with requirements specified in the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2012."
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
GAO's 2013 High-Risk Update: Medicare and Medicaid (open access)

GAO's 2013 High-Risk Update: Medicare and Medicaid

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Medicare Program: CMS has not met GAO's criteria to have the Medicare program removed from the High-Risk List. For example, although CMS has made progress in measuring and reducing improper payment rates in different parts of the program, it has yet to demonstrate sustained progress in lowering the rates. Because the size of Medicare relative to other programs leads to aggregate improper payments that are extremely large, continuing to reduce improper payments in this program should remain a priority for CMS. Further, CMS should complete some actions required by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) that were designed to improve the integrity of the program, such as determining which providers must post surety bonds to help in recovering payments for fraudulent billing, using fingerprint screening for high-risk providers, issuing a final regulation that requires providers to disclose additional information, and establishing core elements for provider compliance programs."
Date: February 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Bases: DOD Has Processes to Comply with Statutory Requirements for Closing or Realigning Installations (open access)

Military Bases: DOD Has Processes to Comply with Statutory Requirements for Closing or Realigning Installations

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of Defense (DOD) and the military services have processes to meet statutory requirements for base closures and realignments, and use these processes hundreds of times each year to make basing decisions outside of the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process. These processes provide guidance for all types of basing actions, including, but not limited to base closures and realignments. For example, basing decisions can include actions such as reductions in force, disestablishments, renaming a command, and other organization changes. Generally, each service's basing decision process uses similar criteria, scope, and methodologies to determine where to locate its force structure, and each process is documented in established guidance. Each service's process requires a series of analyses, such as analysis of capability and capacity, cost estimates, and environmental considerations. Additionally, each service basing decision process includes legal reviews and an evaluation of the effect on civilian personnel. According to service officials, these reviews provide them data to determine whether a closure or realignment is above thresholds established in section 2687 of Title 10, U.S. Code (hereafter 10 U.S.C. 2687), and therefore subject to additional evaluations and …
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Power: Analysis of Regional Differences and Improved Access to Information Could Strengthen NRC Oversight (open access)

Nuclear Power: Analysis of Regional Differences and Improved Access to Information Could Strengthen NRC Oversight

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) relies on its staff's professional judgment in implementing its processes for overseeing the safety of U.S. commercial nuclear power reactors. In implementing this oversight, NRC allocates specific roles and responsibilities to resident inspectors assigned to each plant, regional officials at one of four regional offices responsible for most oversight activities, headquarters officials, and the nuclear power industry. NRC also builds into its processes incentives for plant managers to identify concerns about reactor safety, report those concerns to NRC, and take prompt actions to correct them. NRC's processes for identifying and assessing findings and violations are based on prescribed agency procedures and include several points where NRC staff must exercise their professional judgment, such as determining whether issues of concern identified during physical inspections constitute findings or violations and the risk significance of any findings or the severity of any violations, among other things."
Date: September 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Ownership Status of Inpatient Prospective Payment System Hospitals That Qualify for Payment Adjustments (open access)

Medicare: Ownership Status of Inpatient Prospective Payment System Hospitals That Qualify for Payment Adjustments

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "GAO previously reported that, in 2012, upward payment adjustments affected the vast majority of hospitals paid under Medicare's inpatient prospective system (IPPS). (See GAO-13-334). For this report, GAO found that, of the 3,455 IPPS hospitals in the prior review, the proportion of hospitals qualifying for at least one of four categories of payment adjustments was higher among nonprofit and government hospitals than among for-profit hospitals. On average, 97 percent of government-owned hospitals and 90 percent of nonprofit hospitals received at least one form of increased payment in 2012. In contrast, 80 percent of for-profit hospitals qualified for at least one category of payment adjustment that year. In addition, for-profit hospitals were more likely to receive no, or only one form of, additional payment, whereas government-owned and nonprofit hospitals were more likely to receive two or three forms of additional payment."
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
In Brief: The September 2013 Terrorist Attack in Kenya (open access)

In Brief: The September 2013 Terrorist Attack in Kenya

This report discusses terrorist threats and incursions by Al Shabaab. The report provides an overview of Al Shabaab and discusses the steps United States is taking to counter the Al Shabaab threat.
Date: September 27, 2013
Creator: Ploch Blanchard, Lauren
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases (open access)

The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases

This report discusses how the total debt of the federal government can increase, provides an historical overview of debt limits, and explains how the current economic slowdown has led to higher deficits and thereby a series of debt limit increases, also discusses the legislation related to these increases.
Date: August 27, 2013
Creator: Austin, D. Andrew & Levit, Mindy R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Port Aransas South Jetty (Port Aransas, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 26, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 27, 2013 (open access)

Port Aransas South Jetty (Port Aransas, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 26, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 27, 2013

Weekly newspaper from Port Aransas, Texas on Mustang Island that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: June 27, 2013
Creator: Judson, Mary Henkel
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
[Historic Marker Application: McElroy-Severn House] (open access)

[Historic Marker Application: McElroy-Severn House]

Application materials submitted to the Texas Historical Commission requesting a historic marker for the McElroy-Severn House, in Buda, Texas. The materials include the inscription text of the marker, original application, narrative, and photographs.
Date: March 27, 2013
Creator: Texas Historical Commission
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 44, No. 54, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 27, 2013 (open access)

The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 44, No. 54, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 27, 2013

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: February 27, 2013
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 44, No. 102, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 27, 2013 (open access)

The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 44, No. 102, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: March 27, 2013
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History