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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues (open access)

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues

This report examines debates regarding what constitutes an "unfunded federal mandate" and the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995's (UMRA) implementation. It focuses on UMRA's requirement that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules. It also assesses UMRA's impact on federal mandates and arguments concerning UMRA's future, focusing on UMRA's definitions, exclusions, and exceptions which currently exempt many federal actions with potentially significant financial impacts on nonfederal entities.
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: Dilger, Robert Jay & Beth, Richard S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or On Track? (open access)

EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or On Track?

This report provides background information on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory activity during the Obama Administration to help address these issues. It examines major or controversial regulatory actions taken by or under development at EPA since January 2009, providing details on the regulatory action itself, presenting an estimated timeline for completion of the rule (including identification of related court or statutory deadlines), and, in general, providing EPA's estimates of costs and benefits, where available. The report includes tables that show which rules remain under development, and an appendix that describes major or controversial rules that are now final.
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: McCarthy, James E. & Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Annual Fee on Health Insurers (open access)

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Annual Fee on Health Insurers

This report discusses the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148) and the Reconciliation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-152) that impose a fee on certain for-profit health insurers, starting in 2014.
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: Kirchhoff, Suzanne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Contribution Limits: Selected Questions About McCutcheon and Policy Issues for Congress (open access)

Campaign Contribution Limits: Selected Questions About McCutcheon and Policy Issues for Congress

This report offers a preliminary analysis of major policy issues and potential implications that appear to be most relevant as the House and Senate prepare for the ruling and decide whether or how to respond.
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: Garrett, R. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
IMF Reforms: Issues for Congress (open access)

IMF Reforms: Issues for Congress

Report that provides information about the reforms made by the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in December 2010, Congress's role in the reform process, and how the reforms could affect U.S. interests at the IMF.
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: Nelson, Rebecca M. & Weiss, Martin A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DOD Financial Management: Actions Needed to Address Deficiencies in Controls over Army Active Duty Military Payroll (open access)

DOD Financial Management: Actions Needed to Address Deficiencies in Controls over Army Active Duty Military Payroll

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "GAO identified deficiencies in the design of key control procedures relied on by the Army and the Defense Finance and Accounting Service-Indianapolis (DFAS-IN) to detect errors in payroll disbursements to active duty Army military personnel. Specifically, GAO found that the Army's procedures for reviewing Unit Commander Finance Reports (UCFR) do not (1) provide for monitoring of required UCFR reviews to better assure detection of payroll errors, (2) require reporting on completed UCFR reviews in all cases, and (3) clearly establish time frames for completing and reporting on UCFR reviews. GAO's analysis of DFAS data on military pay debts and Army investigations of potential fraud completed over the past 2 years identified numerous instances of the effect of errors or irregularities in Army active duty payroll disbursements that went undetected for lengthy periods of time, including some that were not detected for up to 2 years or until the soldier left the Army. For example:"
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
International Food Assistance: U.S. Nonemergency Food Aid Programs Have Similar Objectives but Some Planning Helps Limit Overlap (open access)

International Food Assistance: U.S. Nonemergency Food Aid Programs Have Similar Objectives but Some Planning Helps Limit Overlap

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "USAID and USDA share broad objectives for nonemergency food aid programs; however, the agencies have established some planning processes to limit overlap in these programs. For example, both USAID and USDA have objectives that address financial services, infrastructure, agricultural productivity, agribusiness development, and child and maternal nutrition needs in food insecure countries. Some of these shared objectives are the result of authorizing legislation, through which Congress outlines nonemergency food aid objectives, while others are included in presidential initiatives and agency strategies. We also found that USAID and USDA nonemergency food aid programs shared common geographic focus areas in which they implemented similar activities. For example, in fiscal year 2011, both USAID and USDA had nonemergency food aid programs in Guatemala and Uganda and both programs were providing agricultural training. Furthermore, implementing partners in Guatemala and Uganda administering programs for both agencies told us that USAID and USDA have parallel administrative structures in the field and distinct requirements for performance management. However, we found that these agencies have established some processes to plan and coordinate country activities in efforts to limit overlap. For example, to improve coordination in nonemergency …
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Financial Audit: Bureau of the Fiscal Service's Fiscal Years 2013 and 2012 Schedules of Federal Debt (open access)

Financial Audit: Bureau of the Fiscal Service's Fiscal Years 2013 and 2012 Schedules of Federal Debt

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In GAO's opinion, the Bureau of the Fiscal Service's (Fiscal Service) Schedules of Federal Debt for fiscal years 2013 and 2012 were fairly presented in all material respects, and although information systems controls could be improved, Fiscal Service maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting relevant to the Schedule of Federal Debt as of September 30, 2013. GAO's tests disclosed no instances of reportable noncompliance for fiscal year 2013 with selected provisions of applicable laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements related to the Schedule of Federal Debt."
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Department of Homeland Security: DHS's Efforts to Improve Employee Morale and Fill Senior Leadership Vacancies (open access)

Department of Homeland Security: DHS's Efforts to Improve Employee Morale and Fill Senior Leadership Vacancies

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In September 2012, GAO reported that Department of Homeland Security (DHS) employees identified having lower average morale than the average for the rest of the federal government, but morale varied across components. Specifically, GAO found that, according to the Office of Personnel Management's 2011 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS), DHS employees had 4.5 percentage points lower job satisfaction and 7.0 percentage point lower engagement--the extent to which employees are immersed in their work and spending extra effort on job performance. Several components with lower morale, such as the Transportation Security Administration, made up a substantial share of FEVS respondents at DHS and accounted for a significant portion of the overall difference between the department and other agencies. In September 2012, GAO recommended that DHS take action to better determine the root cause of low employee morale, and where absent, add benchmarking against similar organizations, among other things. Since September 2012, DHS has taken a number of actions intended to improve employee morale, such as directing component human capital officials to reevaluate their action plans to ensure that metrics of success are clear and measurable. In December 2013, GAO …
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hardrock Mining: BLM Needs to Revise Its Systems for Assessing the Adequacy of Financial Assurances (open access)

Hardrock Mining: BLM Needs to Revise Its Systems for Assessing the Adequacy of Financial Assurances

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Based on data reviewed from BLM's Bond Review Report, mine operators had provided financial assurances valued at approximately $1.5 billion to guarantee reclamation costs for 1,365 hardrock operations on federal land managed by BLM. We determined that 57 hardrock operations had inadequate financial assurances--amounting to about $24 million less than needed to fully cover estimated reclamation costs. Nevada had the largest number of hardrock mining operations and the largest number of inadequate financial assurances. As we have reported, BLM has taken some steps to strengthen and improve its management of hardrock financial assurances but has not yet addressed the issues we identified in 2008 regarding how the Bond Review Report calculates the total value of those financial assurances that are inadequate. To improve its management of hardrock financial assurances, BLM in 2009 issued IM 2009-153, which, among other things, directs periodic review of reclamation cost estimates for all ongoing operations to ensure the current cost estimate and the amount of the required financial assurance continue to meet applicable regulatory requirements. However, we found that only two BLM state offices--Montana and Wyoming--fully implemented IM 2009-153 by conducting timely reviews …
Date: December 12, 2011
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
DISH Network Complied with the Court-Appointed Special Master's Examination of Its Compliance with the Section 119 Statutory License (open access)

DISH Network Complied with the Court-Appointed Special Master's Examination of Its Compliance with the Section 119 Statutory License

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "GAO found that DISH complied with the Special Master's examination. DISH provided the Special Master with information on its subscribers and royalty payments, and cooperated on a survey of all major network-affiliated broadcast stations nationwide. Since our March 23, 2012, report, the Special Master issued a report noting that there was no substantial evidence of improprieties by DISH regarding the Section 119 statutory license."
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicaid: Enrollment and Expenditures for Qualified Individual and Transitional Medical Assistance Programs (open access)

Medicaid: Enrollment and Expenditures for Qualified Individual and Transitional Medical Assistance Programs

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The QI program enrolled about 426,000 individuals nationwide in 2009--the most recent year for which comprehensive enrollment data were available--with expenditures of about $431 million. While QI enrollment increased 30 percent from fiscal year 2006 to fiscal year 2009, program expenditures increased at a slightly faster rate, rising 39 percent during this time. On average, one quarter of individuals potentially eligible for the QI program were enrolled during fiscal years 2006 through 2009. However, the percentage of eligible individuals enrolled in the program climbed from 21 percent in fiscal year 2006 to 29 percent in fiscal year 2009. CMS does not have comprehensive national data on TMA enrollment and expenditures; the 41 states that had enrollment data reported that over 3.5 million individuals were enrolled in TMA in 2011, the most recent year for which complete enrollment data were reported by the highest number of states. Fewer states were able to report TMA expenditure data; however, 32 states reported TMA total expenditures of about $3.9 billion in 2011."
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
IT Dashboard: Agencies Are Managing Investment Risk, but Related Ratings Need to Be More Accurate and Available (open access)

IT Dashboard: Agencies Are Managing Investment Risk, but Related Ratings Need to Be More Accurate and Available

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "As of August 2013, the Chief Information Officers (CIO) at the eight selected agencies rated 198 of their 244 major information technology (IT) investments listed on the Federal IT Dashboard (Dashboard) as low risk or moderately low risk, 41 as medium risk, and 5 as high risk or moderately high risk. However, the total number of investments reported by these agencies has varied over time, which impacts the number of investments receiving CIO ratings. For example, Energy reclassified several of its supercomputer investments from IT to facilities and Commerce decided to reclassify its satellite ground system investments. Both decisions resulted in the removal of the investments from the Dashboard, even though the investments were clearly IT. In addition, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) does not update the public version of the Dashboard as the President's budget request is being created. As a result, the public version of the Dashboard was not updated for 15 of the past 24 months, and so was not available as a tool for investment oversight and decision making."
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Contracting: Slow Start to Implementation of Justifications for 8(a) Sole-Source Contracts (open access)

Federal Contracting: Slow Start to Implementation of Justifications for 8(a) Sole-Source Contracts

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2010 required that the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) be amended within 180 days after enactment to require justifications for 8(a) sole-source contracts over $20 million. These justifications bring more attention to large 8(a) sole source contracts. The FAR Council, which updates the FAR, missed this mandatory deadline by almost 325 days. During this delay, based on data in the Federal Procurement Data System-Next Generation (FPDS-NG), 42 sole-source 8(a) contracts with reported values over $20 million, totaling over $2.3 billion, were awarded without being subject to a justification. Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP) representatives involved with the FAR Council's implementation of this rule attributed the delay primarily to the time required to establish a process for consulting with Indian Tribes and Alaska Native Corporations."
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Higher Education: A Small Percentage of Families Save in 529 Plans (open access)

Higher Education: A Small Percentage of Families Save in 529 Plans

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "A small percentage of U.S. families saved in 529 plans in 2010, and those who did tended to be wealthier than others. According to the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), less than 3 percent of families saved in a 529 plan or Coverdell Education Savings Account (Coverdell)--a similar but less often used college savings vehicle also included in the SCF. While the economic downturn may have reduced income available for education savings, even among those families who considered saving for education a priority, fewer than 1 in 10 had a 529 plan (or Coverdell). Families with these accounts had about 25 times the median financial assets of those without. They also had about 3 times the median income and the percentage who had college degrees was about twice as high as for families without 529 plans (or Coverdells)."
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Financial Audit: IRS's Fiscal Years 2013 and 2012 Financial Statements (open access)

Financial Audit: IRS's Fiscal Years 2013 and 2012 Financial Statements

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In GAOÂ’s opinion, the Internal Revenue ServiceÂ’s (IRS) fiscal years 2013 and 2012 financial statements are fairly presented in all material respects. However, in GAOÂ’s opinion, IRS did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2013, because of a continuing material weakness in internal control over unpaid tax assessments. GAOÂ’s tests of IRSÂ’s compliance with selected provisions of applicable laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements detected no reportable instances of noncompliance in fiscal year 2013."
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Port Aransas South Jetty (Port Aransas, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 12, 2013 (open access)

Port Aransas South Jetty (Port Aransas, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 12, 2013

Weekly newspaper from Port Aransas, Texas on Mustang Island that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: December 12, 2013
Creator: Judson, Mary Henkel
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 36, No. 254, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 12, 2012 (open access)

The Greensheet (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 36, No. 254, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 12, 2012

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 43, No. 546, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 12, 2012 (open access)

The Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 43, No. 546, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 12, 2012

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress (open access)

A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress

This report discusses the security environment of the world, how it has changed since the Cold War, and implications of the security environment for defense. The report also discusses issues for Congress concerning potential reassessment of U.S. defense.
Date: December 12, 2017
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Supreme Court Declines to Take Up Military Commission Challenges-Al Bahlul and Al-Nashiri (open access)

Supreme Court Declines to Take Up Military Commission Challenges-Al Bahlul and Al-Nashiri

This report discusses the Supreme Court's rejection of cases submitted by two detainees at Guantanamo Bay (Ali Hamza Ahmad Suliman al Bahlul & Abd Al-Rahim Hussein Al-Nashiri) challenging the current military commission system under the Military Commissions Act (MCA). It discusses the merits of the cases, the various legal proceedings regarding them, and case law related to the issue.
Date: December 12, 2017
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Taylor Force Act: Palestinian Terrorism-Related Payments and U.S. Aid (open access)

Taylor Force Act: Palestinian Terrorism-Related Payments and U.S. Aid

This report discusses possible legislation (the Taylor Force Act) that would affect U.S. aid payments to the Palestinian Authority. It provides background on the concerns that money might go toward payments to families accused of terrorism by Israel, as well as a discussion of proposed bills.
Date: December 12, 2017
Creator: Zanotti, Jim & Sharp, Jeremy M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Suing Subway: When Does a Class Action Settlement Benefit Only the Lawyers (open access)

Suing Subway: When Does a Class Action Settlement Benefit Only the Lawyers

This report explores the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit's "Subway" ruling which rejected a proposed settlement of a class-action suit brought against Subway for falsely advertising the length of their sandwiches; the settlement required them to inspect sandwich lengths and pay the plaintiff's attorney fees, but it only benefited the lawyers and not consumers. The report discusses the case's broader significance to class action litigation, tort reform, and consumer rights.
Date: December 12, 2017
Creator: Lewis, Kevin M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drug Offenses: Maximum Fines and Terms of Imprisonment for Violation of the Federal Controlled Substances Act and Related Laws (open access)

Drug Offenses: Maximum Fines and Terms of Imprisonment for Violation of the Federal Controlled Substances Act and Related Laws

This is a chart of the maximum fines and terms of imprisonment that may be imposed as a consequence of conviction for violation of the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and other drug supply and drug demand related laws. It lists the penalties for: heroin, cocaine, crack, PCP, LSD, marihuana (marijuana), amphetamine, methamphetamine, listed (precursor) chemicals, paraphernalia, date rape drugs, rave drugs, designer drugs, ecstasy, drug kingpins, as well as the other substances including narcotics and opiates assigned to Schedule I, Schedule II, Schedule III, Schedule IV, and Schedule V of the Controlled Substances Act and the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (Title II and Title III of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act).
Date: December 12, 2011
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library