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Zimbabwe: The Power Sharing Agreement and Implications for U.S. Policy (open access)

Zimbabwe: The Power Sharing Agreement and Implications for U.S. Policy

This report provides an overview of Zimbabwe's March 2008 elections. The report discusses the power-sharing agreement, the transitional government, cholera outbreak, international reactions, and U.S. policy on Zimbabwe.
Date: February 24, 2010
Creator: Ploch, Lauren
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zimbabwe: The Transitional Government and Implications for U.S. Policy (open access)

Zimbabwe: The Transitional Government and Implications for U.S. Policy

This report provides background information on 2008 elections in Zimbabwe. The report discusses the power sharing agreement, transitional government, cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe, as well as the international reactions and U.S. policy on Zimbabwe.
Date: May 10, 2010
Creator: Ploch, Lauren
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zimbabwe: The Transitional Government and Implications for U.S. Policy (open access)

Zimbabwe: The Transitional Government and Implications for U.S. Policy

None
Date: October 27, 2011
Creator: Ploch, Lauren
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zimbabwe: The Transitional Government and Implications for U.S. Policy (open access)

Zimbabwe: The Transitional Government and Implications for U.S. Policy

This report discusses the transitional government in Zimbabwe, economic and humanitarian conditions, and concerns about the country's political future.
Date: July 7, 2010
Creator: Ploch, Lauren
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zimbabwe's Political Transition: Issues for Congress (open access)

Zimbabwe's Political Transition: Issues for Congress

This report discusses the resignation of Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe after a military intervention and the installation of one of his former vice-presidents, Emmanuel Mnangagwa as interim President. Various possible outcomes of the change and possible actions by Congress to advance U.S. interests in the region are discussed.
Date: November 22, 2017
Creator: Cook, Nicolas & Terrell, Katherine Z.
System: The UNT Digital Library
ZINC MITIGATION INTERIM REPORT - THERMODYNAMIC STUDY (open access)

ZINC MITIGATION INTERIM REPORT - THERMODYNAMIC STUDY

An experimental program was initiated in order to develop and validate conditions that will effectively trap Zn vapors that are released during extraction. The proposed work is broken down into three tasks. The first task is to determine the effectiveness of various pore sizes of filter elements. The second task is to determine the effect of filter temperature on zinc vapor deposition. The final task is to determine whether the zinc vapors can be chemically bound. The approach for chemically binding the zinc vapors has two subtasks, the first is a review of literature and thermodynamic calculations and the second is an experimental approach using the best candidates. This report details the results of the thermodynamic calculations to determine feasibility of chemically binding the zinc vapors within the furnace module, specifically the lithium trap (1). A review of phase diagrams, literature, and thermodynamic calculations was conducted to determine if there are suitable materials to capture zinc vapor within the lithium trap of the extraction basket. While numerous elements exist that form compounds with zinc, many of these also form compounds with hydrogen or the water that is present in the TPBARs. This relatively comprehensive review of available data indicates that …
Date: December 17, 2010
Creator: Korinko, P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zivotofsky v. Kerry: The Jerusalem Passport Case (open access)

Zivotofsky v. Kerry: The Jerusalem Passport Case

This report briefly describes legislative efforts to modify U.S. policy with respect to Jerusalem, in particular multiple enactments of the passport provision. The report summarizes the appellate court's opinion finding the passport measure unconstitutional and presents brief synopses of the petitioner's argument before the Supreme Court, the Secretary of State's brief in response, and briefs of amici curiae submitted by the Senate (pursuant to S.Res. 504) and by some Members of the House of Representatives. Finally, the report concludes by suggesting some factors that may affect the outcome.
Date: October 30, 2014
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zivotofsky v. Kerry: The Jerusalem Passport Case and Its Potential Implications for Congress's Foreign Affairs Powers (open access)

Zivotofsky v. Kerry: The Jerusalem Passport Case and Its Potential Implications for Congress's Foreign Affairs Powers

This report briefly describes legislative efforts to modify U.S. policy with respect to Jerusalem, in particular multiple enactments of the passport provision. The report then summarizes the Supreme Court decision, including concurrences and dissents. Finally, the report concludes by suggesting possible implications of the decision with respect to Congress's authority to influence foreign affairs.
Date: September 28, 2015
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
ZnMgO by APCVD Enabling High-Performance Mid-bandgap CIGS on Polyimide Modules: October 2009--October 2010 (open access)

ZnMgO by APCVD Enabling High-Performance Mid-bandgap CIGS on Polyimide Modules: October 2009--October 2010

This Pre-Incubator project was designed to increase the 'real world' CIGS based photovoltaic module performance and decrease the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of systems utilizing those modules compared to our traditional CIGS based photovoltaic modules. This was enabled by a) increasing the CIGS bandgap and b) developing better matched device finishing layers to the mid-bandgap CIGS based photovoltaics; including window and buffer layers (and eventually the TCO). Incremental progress in the novel device performance was demonstrated throughout the program, and ultimately achieved performance results that exceeded the milestones ahead of schedule. Metal-oxide buffer layer devices with mid-bandgap CIGS alloys on polyimide substrates were produced with efficiencies of over 12%. Corresponding mid-bandgap devices with CdS buffers produced over 13% efficient devices. Furthermore, no obvious degradation in the device performance has been observed to date, after proper storage ambient of the different types of unencapsulated devices were identified.
Date: April 1, 2011
Creator: Woods, L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zonal Flow as Pattern Formation: Merging Jets and the Ultimate Jet Length Scale (open access)

Zonal Flow as Pattern Formation: Merging Jets and the Ultimate Jet Length Scale

Zonal flows are well known to arise spontaneously out of turbulence. It is shown that for statisti- cally averaged equations of quasigeostrophic turbulence on a beta plane, zonal flows and inhomoge- neous turbulence fit into the framework of pattern formation. There are many implications. First, the zonal flow wavelength is not unique. Indeed, in an idealized, infinite system, any wavelength within a certain continuous band corresponds to a solution. Second, of these wavelengths, only those within a smaller subband are linearly stable. Unstable wavelengths must evolve to reach a stable wavelength; this process manifests as merging jets.
Date: January 30, 2013
Creator: Krommes, Jeffrey B. Parker and John A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zone Freezing Study for Pyrochemical Process Waste Minimization (open access)

Zone Freezing Study for Pyrochemical Process Waste Minimization

Pyroprocessing technology is a non-aqueous separation process for treatment of used nuclear fuel. At the heart of pyroprocessing lies the electrorefiner, which electrochemically dissolves uranium from the used fuel at the anode and deposits it onto a cathode. During this operation, sodium, transuranics, and fission product chlorides accumulate in the electrolyte salt (LiCl-KCl). These contaminates change the characteristics of the salt overtime and as a result, large volumes of contaminated salt are being removed, reprocessed and stored as radioactive waste. To reduce the storage volumes and improve recycling process for cost minimization, a salt purification method called zone freezing has been proposed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Zone freezing is melt crystallization process similar to the vertical Bridgeman method. In this process, the eutectic salt is slowly cooled axially from top to bottom. As solidification occurs, the fission products are rejected from the solid interface and forced into the liquid phase. The resulting product is a grown crystal with the bulk of the fission products near the bottom of the salt ingot, where they can be easily be sectioned and removed. Despite successful feasibility report from KAERI on this process, there were many unexplored parameters to help understanding …
Date: May 1, 2012
Creator: Williams, Ammon
System: The UNT Digital Library
ZPR-3 Assembly 11 : A cylindrical sssembly of highly enriched uranium and depleted uranium with an average {sup 235}U enrichment of 12 atom % and a depleted uranium reflector. (open access)

ZPR-3 Assembly 11 : A cylindrical sssembly of highly enriched uranium and depleted uranium with an average {sup 235}U enrichment of 12 atom % and a depleted uranium reflector.

Over a period of 30 years, more than a hundred Zero Power Reactor (ZPR) critical assemblies were constructed at Argonne National Laboratory. The ZPR facilities, ZPR-3, ZPR-6, ZPR-9 and ZPPR, were all fast critical assembly facilities. The ZPR critical assemblies were constructed to support fast reactor development, but data from some of these assemblies are also well suited for nuclear data validation and to form the basis for criticality safety benchmarks. A number of the Argonne ZPR/ZPPR critical assemblies have been evaluated as ICSBEP and IRPhEP benchmarks. Of the three classes of ZPR assemblies, engineering mockups, engineering benchmarks and physics benchmarks, the last group tends to be most useful for criticality safety. Because physics benchmarks were designed to test fast reactor physics data and methods, they were as simple as possible in geometry and composition. The principal fissile species was {sup 235}U or {sup 239}Pu. Fuel enrichments ranged from 9% to 95%. Often there were only one or two main core diluent materials, such as aluminum, graphite, iron, sodium or stainless steel. The cores were reflected (and insulated from room return effects) by one or two layers of materials such as depleted uranium, lead or stainless steel. Despite their more …
Date: September 30, 2010
Creator: Lell, R. M.; McKnight, R. D.; Tsiboulia, A.; Rozhikhin, Y.; Security, National & Engineering, Inst. of Physics and Power
System: The UNT Digital Library
ZPR-3 Assembly 12 : A Cylindrical Assembly of Highly Enriched Uranium, Depleted Uranium and Graphite With an Average {Sup 235}U Enrichment of 21 Atom %. (open access)

ZPR-3 Assembly 12 : A Cylindrical Assembly of Highly Enriched Uranium, Depleted Uranium and Graphite With an Average {Sup 235}U Enrichment of 21 Atom %.

Over a period of 30 years, more than a hundred Zero Power Reactor (ZPR) critical assemblies were constructed at Argonne National Laboratory. The ZPR facilities, ZPR-3, ZPR-6, ZPR-9 and ZPPR, were all fast critical assembly facilities. The ZPR critical assemblies were constructed to support fast reactor development, but data from some of these assemblies are also well suited for nuclear data validation and to form the basis for criticality safety benchmarks. A number of the Argonne ZPR/ZPPR critical assemblies have been evaluated as ICSBEP and IRPhEP benchmarks. Of the three classes of ZPR assemblies, engineering mockups, engineering benchmarks and physics benchmarks, the last group tends to be most useful for criticality safety. Because physics benchmarks were designed to test fast reactor physics data and methods, they were as simple as possible in geometry and composition. The principal fissile species was {sup 235}U or {sup 239}Pu. Fuel enrichments ranged from 9% to 95%. Often there were only one or two main core diluent materials, such as aluminum, graphite, iron, sodium or stainless steel. The cores were reflected (and insulated from room return effects) by one or two layers of materials such as depleted uranium, lead or stainless steel. Despite their more …
Date: September 30, 2010
Creator: Lell, R. M.; McKnight, R. D.; Perel, R. L.; Wagschal, J. J.; Division, Nuclear Engineering & Physics, Racah Inst. of
System: The UNT Digital Library
ZPR-3 Assembly 6f : A Spherical Assembly of Highly Enriched Uranium, Depleted Uranium, Aluminum and Steel With an Average {Sup 235}U Enrichment of 47 Atom %. (open access)

ZPR-3 Assembly 6f : A Spherical Assembly of Highly Enriched Uranium, Depleted Uranium, Aluminum and Steel With an Average {Sup 235}U Enrichment of 47 Atom %.

Over a period of 30 years, more than a hundred Zero Power Reactor (ZPR) critical assemblies were constructed at Argonne National Laboratory. The ZPR facilities, ZPR-3, ZPR-6, ZPR-9 and ZPPR, were all fast critical assembly facilities. The ZPR critical assemblies were constructed to support fast reactor development, but data from some of these assemblies are also well suited for nuclear data validation and to form the basis for criticality safety benchmarks. A number of the Argonne ZPR/ZPPR critical assemblies have been evaluated as ICSBEP and IRPhEP benchmarks. Of the three classes of ZPR assemblies, engineering mockups, engineering benchmarks and physics benchmarks, the last group tends to be most useful for criticality safety. Because physics benchmarks were designed to test fast reactor physics data and methods, they were as simple as possible in geometry and composition. The principal fissile species was {sup 235}U or {sup 239}Pu. Fuel enrichments ranged from 9% to 95%. Often there were only one or two main core diluent materials, such as aluminum, graphite, iron, sodium or stainless steel. The cores were reflected (and insulated from room return effects) by one or two layers of materials such as depleted uranium, lead or stainless steel. Despite their more …
Date: September 30, 2010
Creator: Lell, R. M.; McKnight, R. D; Schaefer, R. W. & Division, Nuclear Engineering
System: The UNT Digital Library