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Carbon Sequestration on Surface Mine Lands
The first quarter of 2004 was dedicated to tree planting activities in two locations in Kentucky. During the first year of this project there was not available mine land to plant in the Hazard area, so 107 acres were planted in the Martin County mine location. This year 120 acres were planted in the Hazard area to compensate for the prior year and an additional 57 acres were planted on Peabody properties in western Kentucky. Additional sets of special plots were established on each of these areas that contained 4800 seedlings each for carbon sequestration demonstrations. Plantings were also conducted to continue compaction and water quality studies on the newly established areas as well as continual measurements of the first year's plantings. Total plantings on this project now amount to 357 acres containing 245,960 seedlings. During the second quarter of this year monitoring systems were established for all the new research areas. Weather data pertinent to the research as well as hydrology and water quality monitoring continues to be conducted on all areas. Studies established to assess specific questions pertaining to carbon flux and the invasion of the vegetation by small mammals are being quantified. Experimental practices initiated with this …
Date:
November 30, 2004
Creator:
Graves, Donald H.; Barton, Christopher; Koo, Bon Jun; Sweigard, Richard & Warner, Richard
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multi-Attribute Seismic/Rock Physics Approach to Characterizing Fractured Reservoirs
Most current seismic methods to seismically characterize fractures in tight reservoirs depend on a few anisotropic wave propagation signatures that can arise from aligned fractures. While seismic anisotropy can be a powerful fracture diagnostic, a number of situations can lessen its usefulness or introduce interpretation ambiguities. Fortunately, laboratory and theoretical work in rock physics indicates that a much broader spectrum of fracture seismic signatures can occur, including a decrease in P- and S-wave velocities, a change in Poisson's ratio, an increase in velocity dispersion and wave attenuation, as well as well as indirect images of structural features that can control fracture occurrence. The goal of this project was to demonstrate a practical interpretation and integration strategy for detecting and characterizing natural fractures in rocks. The approach was to exploit as many sources of information as possible, and to use the principles of rock physics as the link among seismic, geologic, and log data. Since no single seismic attribute is a reliable fracture indicator in all situations, the focus was to develop a quantitative scheme for integrating the diverse sources of information. The integrated study incorporated three key elements: The first element was establishing prior constraints on fracture occurrence, based on …
Date:
November 30, 2004
Creator:
Mavko, Gary
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Distributed Physical and Molecular Separations for Selective Harvest of Higher Value Wheat Straw Components Project
Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) is an abundant source of plant fiber. It is regenerated, in large quantities, every year. At present, this potentially valuable resource is greatly under-exploited. Most of the excess straw biomass (i.e., tonnage above that required for agronomic cropping system sustainability) is managed through expensive chopping/tillage operations and/or burnt in the field following harvest, resulting in air pollution and associated health problems. Potential applications for wheat straw investigated within this project include energy and composites manufacture. Other methods of straw utilization that will potentially benefit from the findings of this research project include housing and building, pulp and paper, thermal insulation, fuels, and chemicals. This project focused on components of the feedstock assembly system for supplying a higher value small grains straw residue for (1) gasification/combustion and (2) straw-thermoplastic composites. This project was an integrated effort to solve the technological, infrastructural, and economic challenges associated with using straw residue for these bioenergy and bioproducts applications. The objective of the research is to contribute to the development of a low-capital distributed harvesting and engineered storage system for upgrading wheat straw to more desirable feedstocks for combustion and for straw-plastic composites. They investigated two processes for upgrading wheat …
Date:
September 30, 2004
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Carbon Dioxide Capture from Flue Gas Using Dry Regenerable Sorbents
Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate dry, regenerable, alkali carbonate-based sorbents for the capture of CO{sub 2} from power plant flue gas. Electrobalance, fixed-bed and fluid-bed reactors were used to examine both the CO{sub 2} capture and sorbent regeneration phases of the process. Sodium carbonate-based sorbents (calcined sodium bicarbonate and calcined trona) were the primary focus of the testing. Supported sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate sorbents were also tested. Sodium carbonate reacts with CO{sub 2} and water vapor contained in flue gas at temperatures between 60 and 80 C to form sodium bicarbonate, or an intermediate salt (Wegscheider's salt). Thermal regeneration of this sorbent produces an off-gas containing equal molar quantities of CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O. The low temperature range in which the carbonation reaction takes place is suited to treatment of coal-derived flue gases following wet flue gas desulfurization processes, but limits the concentration of water vapor which is an essential reactant in the carbonation reaction. Sorbent regeneration in an atmosphere of CO{sub 2} and water vapor can be carried out at a temperature of 160 C or higher. Pure CO{sub 2} suitable for use or sequestration is available after condensation of the H{sub 2}O. Flue gas contaminants …
Date:
September 30, 2004
Creator:
Green, David A.; Turk, Brian S.; Portzer, Jeffrey W.; Gupta, Raghubir P.; McMichael, William J.; Nelson, Thomas et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Power Systems Development Facility Gasification Test Campaign TC17
In support of technology development to utilize coal for efficient, affordable, and environmentally clean power generation, the Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) located in Wilsonville, Alabama, routinely demonstrates gasification technologies using various types of coals. The PSDF is an engineering scale demonstration of key features of advanced coal-fired power systems, including a KBR (formerly Kellogg Brown & Root) Transport Gasifier, a hot gas particulate control device, advanced syngas cleanup systems, and high-pressure solids handling systems. This report summarizes the results gasification operation with Illinois Basin bituminous coal in PSDF test campaign TC17. The test campaign was completed from October 25, 2004, to November 18, 2004. System startup and initial operation was accomplished with Powder River Basin (PRB) subbituminous coal, and then the system was transitioned to Illinois Basin coal operation. The major objective for this test was to evaluate the PSDF gasification process operational stability and performance using the Illinois Basin coal. The Transport Gasifier train was operated for 92 hours using PRB coal and for 221 hours using Illinois Basin coal.
Date:
November 30, 2004
Creator:
Southern Company Services
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DVD Based Integrated Electronic Pulser
The DVD based integrated pulser combines the storage capacity and simplicity of DVD technology with commonly available electronic components to build a relatively inexpensive yet highly capable testing instrument. DVD technology has matured to the mass consumer level and has found widespread acceptance in many scientific, industrial, and consumers sectors. Coupling the removable media and relatively large data capacity with a simple electronic readout allows this device to be easy to build, export and authenticate. Since there are few parts and the heart of the device is a mass consumer item the duplication cost is very low.
Date:
March 30, 2004
Creator:
Hughes, Michael A.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Morris, Scott J.; Pitts, W. K.; Pratt, Rick M. & Robinson, Eric E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FINAL REPORT UFP RESTART AND SPARGER TESTING
Following a Design Basis Event (DBE), potential plugging of the PJM systems is highly probable after air compressors and/or electric power become unavailable for up to 100 hrs. Under such conditions, the rheologically bounding yield stress of the pretreated sludge simulant could reach 300-625 Pa. (Defined in WTP-RPP-100, Rev. 0, Sec. 6.1. [1] and WTP-RPP-98, Rev. 0, Secs. 5.1 and 5.2 [2].) The tests covered under this report are conservative since this range of bounding yield stress is based on the settled solids component in the tank. Also, note that CCN 065607 states that the design basis is 70 Pa for 'gelled material' over the entire tank. Three issues must be addressed by these tests: (1) Determine the required pressure and air flow to overcome the plugged sparger tube resistance following a DBE event. (2) Can the UFP PJMs be restarted with or without assistance from air spargers? (3) Show that solids can be mixed by air spargers following a DBE to allow generated hydrogen gas to rise and be vented to the vessel head space. This is to limit hydrogen concentrations below LFL level. In the first test, a full-scale sparger was simulated by a 2-inch dia. Schedule 160 …
Date:
November 30, 2004
Creator:
Guerrero, H & Michael Restivo, M
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improved Miscible Nitrogen Flood Performance Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Laterals in a Class I Reservoir - East Binger (Marchand) Unit
The DOE-sponsored project at the East Binger Unit is an investigation into the benefits of reservoir characterization and horizontal wells in this particular setting of geologic and recovery method. The geologic setting is a tight (average porosity of 7% and average permeability of less than 1 millidarcy) Pennsylvanian-age sandstone at about 10,000 feet, and the recovery method is a miscible nitrogen flood. The projected oil recovery of the East Binger Unit, prior to the initiation of this project, was about 25%. Gravity segregation of nitrogen and crude oil was believed to be the principal cause of the poor sweep efficiency, and it was envisioned that with horizontal producing wells in the lower portion of the reservoir and horizontal injection wells near the top, the process could be converted from a lateral displacement process to a vertical displacement/gravity assisted process. Through the characterization and field development work completed in Budget Periods 1 and 2, Binger Operations, LLC (BOL) has developed a different interpretation of the sweep problem as well as a different approach to improving recovery. The sweep problem is now believed to be one of an areal nature, due to a combination of natural and hydraulic fracturing. Vertical wells have …
Date:
June 30, 2004
Creator:
Sinner, Joe
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bluff Body Flow Simulation Using a Vortex Element Method
Heavy ground vehicles, especially those involved in long-haul freight transportation, consume a significant part of our nation's energy supply. it is therefore of utmost importance to improve their efficiency, both to reduce emissions and to decrease reliance on imported oil. At highway speeds, more than half of the power consumed by a typical semi truck goes into overcoming aerodynamic drag, a fraction which increases with speed and crosswind. Thanks to better tools and increased awareness, recent years have seen substantial aerodynamic improvements by the truck industry, such as tractor/trailer height matching, radiator area reduction, and swept fairings. However, there remains substantial room for improvement as understanding of turbulent fluid dynamics grows. The group's research effort focused on vortex particle methods, a novel approach for computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Where common CFD methods solve or model the Navier-Stokes equations on a grid which stretches from the truck surface outward, vortex particle methods solve the vorticity equation on a Lagrangian basis of smooth particles and do not require a grid. They worked to advance the state of the art in vortex particle methods, improving their ability to handle the complicated, high Reynolds number flow around heavy vehicles. Specific challenges that they have …
Date:
September 30, 2004
Creator:
Leonard, Anthony; Chatelain, Phillippe & Rebel, Michael
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 155, No. 19, Ed. 1 Wednesday, June 30, 2004
Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
June 30, 2004
Creator:
Whitehead, Marie
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 88, No. 67, Ed. 1 Friday, January 30, 2004
Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
January 30, 2004
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0222
Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Greg Abbott, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Implementing a tax freeze by a county, city, or town, or junior college district for persons with disabilities or persons sixty-five years of age or older (RQ-0171-GA)
Date:
July 30, 2004
Creator:
Texas. Attorney-General's Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0223
Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Greg Abbott, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether a condominium development is a subdivision subject to county regulation under Local Government Code chapter 232 (RQ-0177-GA)
Date:
July 30, 2004
Creator:
Texas. Attorney-General's Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0224
Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Greg Abbott, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether a member of the board of directors of a water improvement district may simultaneously serve as a school district trustee (RQ-1074-GA)
Date:
July 30, 2004
Creator:
Texas. Attorney-General's Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0242
Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Greg Abbott, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether a commissioners court may hold an election that creates an emergency service district and imposes a sales and use tax within the proposed district’s boundaries (RQ-0202-GA)
Date:
August 30, 2004
Creator:
Texas. Attorney-General's Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Texas Attorney General Opinion: GA-0288
Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Greg Abbott, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Whether a sheriff in a non-bail bond board county must accept a bail bond signed by an individual surety's attorney-in-fact (RQ-0246-GA)
Date:
December 30, 2004
Creator:
Texas. Attorney-General's Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Man takes notes during a meeting]
Families gather in a cafeteria for a meeting on whether or not to wear school uniforms in the Fort Worth Independent School District.
Date:
November 30, 2004
Creator:
Castillo, José L.
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Students raise their hands during a class]
Students raise their hands during a class in the Fort Worth Independent School District.
Date:
November 30, 2004
Creator:
Castillo, José L.
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Patrons Enjoying Día de los Muertos Parade]
Photograph of four individuals at the Mexic-Arte Museum's annual Día de los Muertos parade. Two individuals, one of whom is a child, wear skull masks. The remaining patrons are adult males. A parade procession can be seen in the background. The photograph was taken at dusk in downtown Austin, Texas.
Date:
October 30, 2004
Creator:
Mexic-Arte Museum (Austin, Tex.)
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Altar at Día de los Muertos Parade]
Photograph of an altar at the Mexic-Arte Museum's annual Día de los Muertos parade. The altar has multiple tiers covered in lace and white satin. Angel embellishments are attached to the fabric. Photographs and candles are arranged on the tiers.
Date:
October 30, 2004
Creator:
Mexic-Arte Museum (Austin, Tex.)
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Altar to Alfredo Zalee]
Photograph of an altar to Alfredo Zalee at the Mexic-Arte Museum's annual Día de los Muertos parade. The altar is covered in blue cloth. A lighter blue headstone is situated on top of the altar. Flowers and ribbons are arranged in front of the headstone. A card reads: "Alfredo Zalce Artist Muralist Mexico 2003."
Date:
October 30, 2004
Creator:
Mexic-Arte Museum (Austin, Tex.)
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Día de los Muertos Parade Banner]
Photograph of a banner at the Mexic-Arte Museum's annual Día de los Muertos parade. The banner reads "2004. Día de los Muertos. Mexic-ArteMuseum.org" and is decorated with yellow and green streamers.
Date:
October 30, 2004
Creator:
Mexic-Arte Museum (Austin, Tex.)
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Senator Gonzalo Barrientos and Community Altars]
Photograph of Senator Gonzalo Barrientos at the Mexic-Arte Museum's annual Día de los Muertos parade. Barrientos, right, stands near a collection of community altars. Two young children and a teenager stand near him.
Date:
October 30, 2004
Creator:
Mexic-Arte Museum (Austin, Tex.)
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Child Making Mask]
Photograph of a young girl making a mask at the Mexic-Arte Museum's annual Día de los Muertos celebration. The girl uses a stamp to decorate the mask. Patrons stand in the background. The photograph was taken in downtown Austin, Texas.
Date:
October 30, 2004
Creator:
Mexic-Arte Museum (Austin, Tex.)
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History