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362
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217
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3,356
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1,801
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1,292
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1,153
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970
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719
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655
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28
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The Endangered Species Act: Consideration of Economic Factors
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) provides for the listing and protection of species that are found to be “endangered” or “threatened” – species that might become extinct. The listing of a species as endangered triggers the prohibitions in the Act against “taking” (killing or harming) individuals of the protected species, unless a permit is obtained to take individuals incidental to an otherwise lawful proposed action, or an exemption for the proposed action is obtained. Unauthorized taking of a listed species can result in civil or criminal penalties. These prohibitions and potential penalties can affect various activities, including development and use of land, with attendant economic impacts.
Date:
January 5, 2001
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ANWR Development: Economic Impacts
This report briefly discusses Congressional considerations on whether to continue to protect the ecosystem on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) or to open it to oil and gas development.
Date:
December 3, 2001
Creator:
Gelb, Bernard A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations
None
Date:
December 3, 2001
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Full Funding of State Formula
This report discusses Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which assists participating states to serve school-age children with disabilities. The state funding formula, which provides a foundation amount based on states’ FY1999 grants and allocates remaining amounts based on states’ shares of school-age children and of school-age poor children, authorizes a maximum allotment per disabled child served of 40% of the national average per pupil expenditure (APPE). Annual appropriations have never been sufficient to provide each state its maximum allotment; in FY2002, states will receive approximately 16.5% of the national APPE per disabled child served. Some advocates for the program have called upon the Congress to fully fund the formula. An estimated $18.2 billion would be required to provide states the maximum allotment allowed per disabled child served in FY2002, about 2.4 times more than the appropriation of $7.5 billion for FY2002.
Date:
December 27, 2001
Creator:
Apling, Richard N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Estuary Program: A Collaborative Approach to Protecting Coastal Water Quality
This report discusses National Estuary Program and is based on 11 of the 28 estuaries that are currently in the National Estuary Program which represent common environmental problems along the nation’s coastline: on the Pacific Coast, the Columbia River, Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, and Santa Monica Bay; on the Atlantic Coast, Albemarle-Pamlico Sound, Long Island Sound, Narragansett Bay, and Maryland’s coastal bays (excluding Chesapeake Bay); and on the Gulf of Mexico, Charlotte Harbor, Corpus Christi Bay, and Sarasota Bay.
Date:
January 12, 2001
Creator:
Bearden, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Functional Categories of the Federal Budget
This report presents a list of the 20 functional categories currently included in the federal budget, as well as the sub-functions.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic Federal Budgeting Terminology
In its most elemental form, the federal budget is a comprehensive accounting of the government’s spending, revenues, and borrowing. This fact sheet provides a brief overview of the basic terminology and concepts used in the federal budget process.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Consideration of the Budget Resolution
Consideration of a concurrent budget resolution is governed by special procedures in the House and Senate. Although the procedures of each chamber differ, they serve generally to expedite consideration of the budget resolution.
Date:
May 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution
The Congressional Budget Act (CBA) of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344), as amended, established the concurrent budget resolution as the centerpiece of the congressional budget process. This report discusses the budget resolution, which provides the framework for subsequent legislative action on the annual appropriations bills, revenue measures, debt-limit legislation, reconciliation legislation (if required), and any other budgetary legislation.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration
Budget reconciliation is an optional two-step process Congress may use to assure compliance with the direct spending, revenue, and debt-limit levels set forth in budget resolutions.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Budget Resolution Enforcement
The annual budget resolution sets forth Congress's budget plan for a period of at least five fiscal years. It includes total levels of spending, revenues, and the debt limit for each of the fiscal years covered.
Date:
March 5, 2001
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Budget for Fiscal Year 2000
This report discusses the final budget numbers for FY2000 that put the surplus for FY2000 at $236 billion , receipts at $2,025 billion and outlays at $1,789 billion. They differ very little from the numbers that the Treasury previously released on October 24, 2000.
Date:
March 7, 2001
Creator:
Winters, Philip D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Airport Improvement Program
This issue brief discusses the Airport Improvement Program and its complement, the Passenger Facility Charge (PFC). After a brief history of federal support for airport construction and improvement, the report describes AIP funding, its source of revenues, the impact of the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (FAIR21, P.L. 106-181), funding distribution, the types of projects the program funds, and AIP and PFC policy issues.
Date:
February 26, 2001
Creator:
Kirk, Robert S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Education for the Disadvantaged: ESEA Title I Reauthorization Issues
This issue brief covers only Parts A and E of ESEA Title I. Part A of Title I, grants to LEAs, constitutes over 90% of total Title I funding, while Part E authorizes program evaluation and demonstration projects of innovative practices, including the Comprehensive School Reform Program. Other Parts of Title I authorize the Even Start program of joint services to young disadvantaged children and their parents (Part B), plus aid for the education of migrant (Part C) and neglected or delinquent youth (Part D).
Date:
January 12, 2001
Creator:
Riddle, Wayne C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Budget for Fiscal Year 2001
On December 15, 2000, Congress reached an agreement with the President and passed the remaining appropriations (H.R. 4577; H.Rept. 106-1033) for fiscal year (FY) 2001. The legislation, including tax cuts ($31.5 billion over 10 years), completes budget action in the 106th Congress for FY2001. The action followed extended disagreements over appropriations, which resulted in a series of continuing resolutions on appropriations that funded those parts of the government not covered by regular appropriations or permanent funding during the fall. The fiscal year had begun with only 2 of the 13 regular appropriations enacted into law.
Date:
April 19, 2001
Creator:
Winters, Philip D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Elementary and Secondary Education: Reconsideration of the Federal Role by the 107th Congress
This issue brief provides an overview of legislation to reauthorize the ESEA, ERDDIA, and NESA. Most of it will focus on the ESEA, since it is much larger in scale. We include a summary review of relevant legislation acted upon during the 106th Congress. This issue brief will be updated regularly to reflect current legislative activity. Other issue briefs and reports, listed at the end of this brief, provide more detailed information on individual programs or types of proposals and analyses of the issues being debated with respect to them.
Date:
January 24, 2001
Creator:
Riddle, Wayne C. & Stedman, James B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Item Veto and Expanded Impoundment Proposals
This report discusses President's authority to call for an item veto, or possibly expanded impoundment authority, consideration of impoundment reform, to provide him with greater control over federal spending.
Date:
March 1, 2001
Creator:
McMurtry, Virginia A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Debt Limit
Congress last raised the debt limit, to $5.95 trillion, in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-33; on August 5, 1997). At that time, the increase was deemed sufficient for the government's borrowing needs into December 1999.
Date:
February 5, 2001
Creator:
Winters, Philip D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress
Since 1965, United States policy has supported international population planning based on principles of voluntarism and informed choice that gives participants access to information on all methods of birth control. This policy, however, has generated contentious debate for over two decades, resulting in frequent clarification and modification of U.S. international family planning programs.
Date:
March 22, 2001
Creator:
Nowels, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2001: An Overview
Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a broad overview of all appropriations activity and a guide to the CRS Appropriation Product Series that provides analytical perspectives on the 13 annual FY2001 appropriations bills.
Date:
February 23, 2001
Creator:
Bley, Mary Frances
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reaching Low-Income, Uninsured Children: Are Medicaid and SCHIP Doing the Job?
None
Date:
January 8, 2001
Creator:
Herz, Elicia J. & Baumrucker, Evelyne P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Economics of the Federal Budget Surplus
Fiscal 1998 marked the first year that total receipts exceeded outlays in the federal budget since 1969. Since then, the budget has been in surplus and official projections expect the budget to remain in surplus for the foreseeable future. Congressional Budget Office (CBO) baseline projections indicate that the budget surpluses are expected to grow steadily over the next 10 years.
Date:
March 30, 2001
Creator:
Cashell, Brian W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
What if the National Debt Were Eliminated? Some Economic Consequences
As the budget has moved from a position of large deficits to large surpluses, then back to deficit again, a debate has emerged about the desirability of retiring the national debt. Although the national debt would not be retired under current baseline forecasts, it remains an important element of the budget surplus debate. By the end of the baseline window, the national debt is forecast to reach its lowest level in the post-war period as a percentage of GDP despite the dramatic deterioration in the surplus forecast since 2001. This report will explore the economic issues surrounding budget surpluses and debt retirement
Date:
April 12, 2001
Creator:
Labonte, Marc
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Projecting the Surplus: A Discussion of Issues
None
Date:
March 26, 2001
Creator:
Labonte, Marc & Winters, Philip D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library