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Clean Water Act Issues in the 108th Congress (open access)

Clean Water Act Issues in the 108th Congress

In this report several other Clean Water Act issues are likely to receive congressional attention, through oversight hearings and possibly in legislative proposals. Among the topics of interest is whether and how the Administration will revise the current program for restoration of pollution-impaired waters (the Total Maximum Daily Load, or TMDL program), in view of controversy over regulatory changes made during the Clinton Administration and continuing disagreement among states, cities, industry, and environmental advocates about program effectiveness and efficiency.
Date: July 3, 2003
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Clean Water Act Issues in the 108th Congress (open access)

Clean Water Act Issues in the 108th Congress

The Clean Water Act Issues has again received attention in the 108th Congress. At issue is how the federal government will assist states and cities in meeting needs to rebuild, repair, and upgrade wastewater treatment plants, especially in light of capital costs which are projected to be as much as $390 billion over the next two decades. In October 2004, the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee reported legislation to authorize $20 billion in funding for clean water infrastructure (S. 2550), while in July 2003, a House Transportation and Infrastructure subcommittee also approved a water infrastructure financing bill (H.R. 1560). Still, prospects for further action during the 108th Congress are uncertain.
Date: July 18, 2003
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Safe Drinking Water Act: Implementation and Issues (open access)

Safe Drinking Water Act: Implementation and Issues

None
Date: July 3, 2003
Creator: Tiemann, Mary
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Role of Risk Analysis and Risk Management in Environmental Protection (open access)

The Role of Risk Analysis and Risk Management in Environmental Protection

None
Date: July 7, 2003
Creator: Schierow, Linda-Jo
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges (open access)

U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges

None
Date: July 11, 2003
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges (open access)

U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges

None
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Israeli-United States Relations (open access)

Israeli-United States Relations

None
Date: July 10, 2003
Creator: Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Israeli-United States Relations (open access)

Israeli-United States Relations

None
Date: July 30, 2003
Creator: Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lebanon (open access)

Lebanon

None
Date: July 11, 2003
Creator: Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China-U.S. Trade Issues (open access)

China-U.S. Trade Issues

U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. China is now the third largest U.S. trading partner, its second largest source of imports, and its fourth largest export market. However, U.S.-China commercial ties have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China, China's refusal to float its currency, and failure to fully comply with its World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments, especially its failure to provide protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). This report explores these issues in detail, especially concerning the lack of protection for U.S. IPR.
Date: July 2, 2003
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program (open access)

North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program

None
Date: July 18, 2003
Creator: Niksch, Larry A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy -- Background, Issues, and Options for Congress (open access)

Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy -- Background, Issues, and Options for Congress

The full funding policy is a federal budgeting rule imposed on the Department of Defense (DOD) by Congress in the 1950s that requires the entire procurement cost of a weapon or piece of military equipment to be funded in the year in which the item is procured. A principal effect of the full funding policy is to prevent the use of incremental funding, under which the cost of a weapon is divided into two or more annual portions. Opponents believed incremental funding could make the total procurement costs of weapons and equipment more difficult for Congress to understand and track. Congress has several options for responding to recent proposals for procuring DOD ships and aircraft with funding mechanisms that do not conform to the full funding policy. These options could have the effect of terminating, modifying, maintaining, or strengthening the full funding policy.
Date: July 26, 2006
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald & Daggett, Stephen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Capitol Visitor Center: An Overview (open access)

The Capitol Visitor Center: An Overview

On June 20, 2000, congressional leaders of both parties gathered to participate in a symbolic groundbreaking ceremony for the Capitol Visitor Center (CVC). The center has been designed to enhance the security, educational experience, and comfort of those visiting the U.S. Capitol when it is completed. The cost of the center is estimated to be at least $555 million. This report details the different methods of funding for the center, as well as the design and development process for the center.
Date: July 5, 2006
Creator: Stathis, Stephen W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trafficking in Persons: The U.S. and International Response (open access)

Trafficking in Persons: The U.S. and International Response

Trafficking in people for prostitution and forced labor is one of the most prolific areas of international criminal activity and is of significant concern to the United States and the international community. The overwhelming majority of those trafficked are women and children. In December 2005, Congress adopted the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005. The State Department, on June 5, 2006, issued a mandate that categorized countries into four groups according to the efforts they were making to combat trafficking. Those countries (Tier Three) that do not cooperate in the fight against trafficking have been made subject to U.S. sanctions since 2003. In the second session of the 109th Congress, both chambers are expected to continue to address the human trafficking issue as part of their authorization, appropriations, and oversight activities.
Date: July 7, 2006
Creator: Miko, Francis T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Monetary Policy: Current Policy and Conditions (open access)

Monetary Policy: Current Policy and Conditions

Monetary policy can be defined broadly as any policy relating to the supply of money. Monetary policy can have important effects on aggregate demand and through it on real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, real foreign exchange rates, real interest rates, the composition of output, etc., all of which are short-term effects. Over the longer run, the major effect of monetary policy is on the rate of inflation. A growing money supply is important for the subsequent growth in money spending or aggregate demand. The Federal Reserve executes monetary policy by setting a target for an overnight interest rate called the federal funds rate. Changes in the federal funds rates affect primarily short-term interest rates, and through these changes, money spending.
Date: July 28, 2006
Creator: Labonte, Marc & Makinen, Gail E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns (open access)

Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns

The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cuba: Issues for the 107th Congress (open access)

Cuba: Issues for the 107th Congress

This report examines the economic and political situation in Cuba, including the human rights situation, and U.S. policy toward Cuba. The report also analyzes a number of issues facing Congress in U.S. policy toward Cuba, including: the overall direction of U.S. policy; challenges to U.S. policy in the World Trade Organization; restrictions on commercial food and medical exports; restrictions on travel; bilateral drug trafficking cooperation; Cuba and terrorism; funding for U.S.-government sponsored radio and television broadcasting to Cuba; the Russian signals intelligence facility in Cuba; migration issues; and compensation to the families of those Americans killed in 1996 when Cuba shot down two U.S. civilian planes. The report cites legislation that was passed in the 106th Congress, and also tracks legislative action on these various issues in U.S. policy toward Cuba in the 107th Congress.
Date: July 22, 2002
Creator: Sullivan, Mark P. & Taft-Morales, Maureen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kosovo and U.S. Policy (open access)

Kosovo and U.S. Policy

None
Date: July 3, 2002
Creator: Woehrel, Steven & Kim, Julie
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Legislative Initiatives in the 107th Congress (open access)

Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Legislative Initiatives in the 107th Congress

Since the United States imposed a comprehensive trade embargo against Cuba in the early 1960s, there have been numerous policy changes to restrictions on travel to Cuba. The embargo regulations do not ban travel itself, but place restrictions on any financial transactions related to travel to Cuba, which effectively result in a travel ban. This report reflects legislative or other major developments , including a listing and discussion of legislative initiatives in the 107th Congress.
Date: July 22, 2002
Creator: Sullivan, Mark P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2003: Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs (open access)

Appropriations for FY2003: Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs

Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittees.
Date: July 8, 2002
Creator: Nowels, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO): Opportunities and Challenges (open access)

Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO): Opportunities and Challenges

This report discusses opportunities and challenges regarding Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO).
Date: July 2, 2002
Creator: Seifert, Jeffrey W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Jordan: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues (open access)

Jordan: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues

None
Date: July 10, 2002
Creator: Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Egypt-United States Relations (open access)

Egypt-United States Relations

Among the current issues in U.S.-Egyptian relations are the shared concerns over the terrorist attacks against Egyptian police, religious, government, and tourist facilities, and what those attacks maysignal for Egypt’s domestic stability. The two nations may disagree over Egypt’s interpretation of applying human rights practices to Islamic terrorists. The two countries disagree over the speed and depth, but not the need for some of Egypt’s economic reforms. Egypt and the United States agree on the importance of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, the need to continue current Arab-Israel peace talks, and the need for regional stability. The two nations agree on Egypt’s determination to introduce democratic reforms to Egypt.
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations (open access)

India-U.S. Relations

This report discusses the context of India - U.S relations, and its bilateral issues.
Date: July 9, 2002
Creator: Gupta, Amit
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library