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Cooperative Monitoring Center Occasional Paper/16: The Potential of Technology for the Control of Small Weapons: Applications in Developing Countries
For improving the control of small arms, technology provides many possibilities. Present and future technical means are described in several areas. With the help of sensors deployed on the ground or on board aircraft, larger areas can be monitored. Using tags, seals, and locks, important objects and installations can be safeguarded better. With modern data processing and communication systems, more information can be available, and it can be more speedily processed. Together with navigation and transport equipment, action can be taken faster and at greater range. Particular considerations are presented for cargo control at roads, seaports, and airports, for monitoring designated lines, and for the control of legal arms. By starting at a modest level, costs can be kept low, which would aid developing countries. From the menu of technologies available, systems need to be designed for the intended application and with an understanding of the local conditions. It is recommended that states start with short-term steps, such as acquiring more and better radio transceivers, vehicles, small aircraft, and personal computers. For the medium term, states should begin with experiments and field testing of technologies such as tags, sensors, and digital communication equipment.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
ALTMANN, JURGEN
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 135: Area 25 Underground Storage Tanks, Nevada Test Site, Nevada
The Area 25 Underground Storage Tanks site Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 135 will be closed by unrestricted release decontamination and verification survey, in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consert Order (FFACO, 1996). The CAU includes one Corrective Action Site (CAS). The Area 25 Underground Storage Tanks, (CAS 25-02-01), referred to as the Engine-Maintenance Assembly and Disassembly (E-MAD) Waste Holdup Tanks and Vault, were used to receive liquid waste from all of the radioactive drains at the E-MAD Facility. Based on the results of the Corrective Action Investigation conducted in June 1999 discussed in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 135: Area 25 Underground Storage Tanks, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (DOE/NV,1999a), one sample from the radiological survey of the concrete vault interior exceeded radionuclide preliminary action levels. The analytes from the sediment samples that exceeded the preliminary action levels are polychlorinated biphenyls, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons as diesel-range organics, and radionuclides. Unrestricted release decontamination and verification involves removal of concrete and the cement-lined pump sump from the vault. After verification that the contamination has been removed, the vault will be repaired with concrete, as necessary. The radiological- and chemical-contaminated pump sump …
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Cox, D. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Decay Constants of B and D Mesons from Non-pertubatively Improved Lattice QCD
The decay constants of B and D mesons are computed in quenched lattice QCD at two different values of the coupling. The action and operators are ? (a) improved with non-perturbative coefficients where available. The results and systematic errors are discussed in detail. Results for vector decay constants, flavour symmetry breaking ratios of decay constants, the pseudoscalar-vector mass splitting and D meson masses are also presented.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Bowler, K. C.; Debbio, L. Del; Flynn, J. M.; Lacagnina, G. N.; Lesk, V. I.; Maynard, C.M. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Decontaminating and Processing Dredged Material for Beneficial Use
Management of contaminated dredged material is a major problem in the Port of New York and New Jersey. One component of an overall management plan can be the application of a decontamination technology followed by creation of a product suitable for beneficial use. This concept is the focus of a project now being carried out by the US Environmental Protection Agency-Region 2, the US Army Corps of Engineers-New York District, the US Department of Energy-Brookhaven National Laboratory, and regional university groups that have included Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rutgers University, New Jersey Institute of Technology, and Stevens Institute of Technology. The project has gone through phased testing of commercial technologies at the bench scale (15 liters) and pilot scale (1.5--500 m{sup 3}) levels. Several technologies are now going forward to large-scale demonstrations that are intended to treat from 23,000 to 60,000 m{sup 3}. Selections of the technologies were made based on the effectiveness of the treatment process, evaluation of the possible beneficial use of the treated materials, and other factors. Major elements of the project are summarized here.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Clesceri, N. L.; Stern, E. A.; Feng, H. & Jones, K. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Environmental and Socioeconomic Data Search and Literature Synthesis, Volume 1: Narrative Report
A report addressing the need for a comprehensive search and integration of environmental and socioeconomic data for the deepwater Gulf of Mexico.
Date:
July 2000
Creator:
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Deployment summary: Fiscal years 1995-2000 [USDOE Office of International Programs]
This publication summarizes the progress made by the Office of International Programs (IP) in deploying innovative technologies for the environmental remediation of the DOE complex and for sites of its international collaborators for fiscal years 1995 through 2000.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design of an Actinide-Burning, Lead or Lead-Bismuth Cooled Reactor that Produces Low-Cost Electricity
The purpose of this Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) University Research Consortium (URC) project is to investigate the suitability of lead or lead-bismuth cooled fast reactors for producing low-cost electricity as well as for actinide burning. The goal is to identify and analyze the key technical issues in core neutronics, materials, thermal-hydraulics, fuels, and economics associated with the development of this reactor concept. Work has been accomplished in four major areas of research: core neutronic design, material compatibility, plant engineering, and coolant activation. In the area of core neutronic design, the reactivity vs. burnup and discharge isotopics of both non-fertile and fertile fuels were evaluated. An innovative core for pure actinide burning that uses streaming, fertile-free fuel assemblies was studied in depth. This particular core exhibits excellent reactivity performance upon coolant voiding, even for voids that occur in the core center, and has a transuranic (TRU) destruction rate that is comparable to the proposed accelerator transmutation of waste (ATW) facility. These studies suggest that a core can be designed to achieve a long life while maintaining safety and minimizing waste. In the area of material compatibility studies, an experimental apparatus for the …
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Mac Donald, Philip Elsworth; Weaver, Kevan Dean; Davis, Cliff Bybee & folks, MIT
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development and demonstration of integrated carbon recovery systems from fine coal processing waste
The project involves the development of an efficient, environmentally friendly system for the economical recovery of carbon from fine-coal refuse ponds. The project will be conducted in two phases. Phase I was involved in the development and evaluation of process equipment and techniques to be used in carbon recovery, product dewatering and reconstitution, and refuse management. Phase II will integrate the various units into a continuously operating circuit that will be demonstrated at a site selected based on the results presented in this study.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Chugh, Y. P.; Patil, D.; Patwardhan, A.; Honaker, R. Q.; Parekh, B. K.; Tao, D. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development and Implementation of Photonuclear Cross-Section Data for Mutually Coupled Neutron-Photon Transport Calculations in the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) Radiation Transport Code
The fundamental motivation for the research presented in this dissertation was the need to development a more accurate prediction method for characterization of mixed radiation fields around medical electron accelerators (MEAs). Specifically, a model is developed for simulation of neutron and other particle production from photonuclear reactions and incorporated in the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) radiation transport code. This extension of the capability within the MCNP code provides for the more accurate assessment of the mixed radiation fields. The Nuclear Theory and Applications group of the Los Alamos National Laboratory has recently provided first-of-a-kind evaluated photonuclear data for a select group of isotopes. These data provide the reaction probabilities as functions of incident photon energy with angular and energy distribution information for all reaction products. The availability of these data is the cornerstone of the new methodology for state-of-the-art mutually coupled photon-neutron transport simulations. The dissertation includes details of the model development and implementation necessary to use the new photonuclear data within MCNP simulations. A new data format has been developed to include tabular photonuclear data. Data are processed from the Evaluated Nuclear Data Format (ENDF) to the new class ''u'' A Compact ENDF (ACE) format using a standalone processing …
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
White, Morgan C.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a General Shocked-Materials-Response Description for Simulations
This report outlines broad modeling issues pertaining to polymeric materials behavior under detonation conditions. Models applicable system wide are necessary to cope with the broad range of polymers and complex composite forms that can appear in Laboratory weapons systems. Nine major topics are discussed to span the breadth of materials, forms, and physical phenomena encountered when shocking polymers and foams over wide ranges of temperatures, pressures, shock strengths, confinement conditions, and geometries. The recommendations for directions of more intensive investigation consider physical fidelity, computational complexity, and application over widely varying physical conditions of temperature, pressure, and shock strength.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Valone, Steven M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of techniques in magnetic resonance and structural studies of the prion protein
Magnetic resonance is the most powerful analytical tool used by chemists today. Its applications range from determining structures of large biomolecules to imaging of human brains. Nevertheless, magnetic resonance remains a relatively young field, in which many techniques are currently being developed that have broad applications. In this dissertation, two new techniques are presented, one that enables the determination of torsion angles in solid-state peptides and proteins, and another that involves imaging of heterogenous materials at ultra-low magnetic fields. In addition, structural studies of the prion protein via solid-state NMR are described. More specifically, work is presented in which the dependence of chemical shifts on local molecular structure is used to predict chemical shift tensors in solid-state peptides with theoretical ab initio surfaces. These predictions are then used to determine the backbone dihedral angles in peptides. This method utilizes the theoretical chemicalshift tensors and experimentally determined chemical-shift anisotropies (CSAs) to predict the backbone and side chain torsion angles in alanine, leucine, and valine residues. Additionally, structural studies of prion protein fragments are described in which conformationally-dependent chemical-shift measurements were made to gain insight into the structural differences between the various conformational states of the prion protein. These studies are of …
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Bitter, Hans-Marcus L.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Direct Energy Conversion for Fast Reactors
Thermoelectric generators (TEG) are a well-established technology for compact low power output long-life applications. Solid state TEGs are the technology of choice for many space missions and have also been used in remote earth-based applications. Since TEGs have no moving parts and can be hermetically sealed, there is the potential for nuclear reactor power systems using TEGs to be safe, reliable and resistant to proliferation. Such power units would be constructed in a manner that would provide decades of maintenance-free operation, thereby minimizing the possibility of compromising the system during routine maintenance operations. It should be possible to construct an efficient direct energy conversion cascade from an appropriate combination of solid-state thermoelectric generators, with each stage in the cascade optimized for a particular range of temperature. Performance of cascaded thermoelectric devices could be further enhanced by exploitation of compositionally graded p-n couples, as well as radial elements to maximize utilization of the heat flux. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena has recently reported segmented unicouples that operate between 300 and 975 K and have conversion efficiencies of 15 percent [Caillat, 2000]. TEGs are used in nuclear-fueled power sources for space exploration, in power sources for the military, and in electrical …
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Brown, Neil W.; Cooper, John; Vogt, Douglas; Chapline, George; Turchi, Patrice; Barbee Jr., Troy et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
["The Eager Artists Living Room Planning Project"]
Video footage provided by The Black Academy of Arts and Letters recorded during the planning stage of the University of Buffalo's collaboration with Eager Artists' "Living Room Project". The footage shows interviews with leadership on the planning, concept, and logistics of the endeavor mixed with clips of African American performers during rehearsals.
Date:
July 2000
Creator:
Pooe, Jerry; Natale, Jospeh; Wright, Enid & Payne, Hal
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Effect of Nodalization on the Accuracy of the Finite Difference Solution of the Transient Conduction Equation.
One of the important phenomena that thermal-hydraulic codes such as RELAP5 must accurately calculate is heat transfer between a fluid and solid. Currently all thermal-hydraulic safety codes use the finite-difference technique to solve the transient conduction equation. This paper will examine the effect of different nodalization strategies on the accuracy of the finite-difference solution of a transient conduction problem with one convective boundary condition and no internal heat generation. The paper concludes with recommendations for choosing an appropriate nodalization scheme for modeling conduction in a wall without internal heat generation.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Aumiller, D. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of Surface Condition and Heat Treatment on Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel in a Mercury Thermal Convection Loop
None
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Pawel, S. J.; DiStefano, J. R. & Manneschmidt, E. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Injector Conditions on the Flame Lift-Off Length of DI Diesel Sprays
The effects of injection pressure and orifice diameter on the lift-off length of a direct-injection (DI) diesel spray (defined as the farthest upstream location of high temperature combustion) were investigated using a natural light emission imaging technique. The lift-off length experiments were conducted in a constant-volume combustion vessel under quiescent, heavy-duty DI diesel engine conditions using a Phillips research grade No.2 diesel fuel. The results show that natural light emission at 310 nm provides an excellent marker of the lift-off length. At this location, natural light emission at 310 nm is dominated by OH chemiluminescence generated by high-temperature combustion chemistry. Lift-off lengths determined from images of natural light emission at 310 nm show that as either injection pressure (i.e., injection velocity) or orifice diameter increase, the lift-off length increases. The observed lift-off length increase was linearly dependent on injection velocity, the same dependency as previously noted for gas jets. The lift-off length increase with increasing orifice diameter, however, is different than the independence of lift-off length on orifice diameter noted for gas jets An important overall observation was made by considering the lift-off length data in conjunction with data from recent investigations of liquid-phase fuel penetration and spray development. The …
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Siebers, D. L. & Higgins, B. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Efficiency Solution for the Chet Holifield Federal Building
Utility partnership upgrades energy system to help meet the General Services Administration's (GSA) energy-saving goals.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Storage Concepts for a Restructured Electric Utility Industry
None
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
IANNUCCI,JOSEPH & SCHOENUNG,SUSAN
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Enhanced atomic transport at liquid metal/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} interfaces
None
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Saiz, E.; Cannon, R. M. & Tomsia, A. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Management Performance Report July 2000
The purpose of this report is to provide the Department of Energy Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) a monthly summary of the Project Hanford Management Contractor's (PHMC) Environmental Management (EM) performance by Fluor Hanford (FH) and its subcont.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
EDER, D.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimates of Radionuclide Loading to Cochiti Lake from Los Alamos Canyon Using Manual and Automated Sampling
None
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
McLean, Christopher T.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimating carbon emissions avoided by electricity generation and efficiency projects: A standardized method (MAGPWR)
This paper describes a standardized method for establishing a multi-project baseline for a power system. The method provides an approximation of the generating sources that are expected to operate on the margin in the future for a given electricity system. It is most suitable for small-scale electricity generation and electricity efficiency improvement projects. It allows estimation of one or more carbon emissions factors that represent the emissions avoided by projects, striking a balance between simplicity of use and the desire for accuracy in granting carbon credits.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Meyers, S.; Marnay, C.; Schumacher, K. & Sathaye, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimation of Shielding Thickness for a Prototype Department of Energy National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program Transport Cask
Preliminary shielding calculations were performed for a prototype National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program (NSNFP) transport cask. This analysis is intended for use in the selection of cask shield material type and preliminary estimate of shielding thickness. The radiation source term was modeled as cobalt-60 with radiation exposure strength of 100,000 R/hr. Cobalt-60 was chosen as a surrogate source because it simultaneous emits two high-energy gammas, 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV. This gamma spectrum is considered to be large enough that it will upper bound the spectra of all the various spent nuclear fuels types currently expected to be shipped within the prototype cask. Point-kernel shielding calculations were performed for a wide range of shielding thickness of lead and depleted uranium material. The computational results were compared to three shielding limits: 200 mrem/hr dose rate limit at the cask surface, 50 mR/hr exposure rate limit at one meter from the cask surface, and 10 mrem/hr limit dose rate at two meters from the cask surface. The results obtained in this study indicated that a shielding thickness of 13 cm is required for depleted uranium and 21 cm for lead in order to satisfy all three shielding requirements without taking credit for …
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Sanchez, Lawrence C. & Mcconnell, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluating intensified camera systems
This paper describes image evaluation techniques used to standardize camera system characterizations. Key areas of performance include resolution, noise, and sensitivity. This team has developed a set of analysis tools, in the form of image processing software used to evaluate camera calibration data, to aid an experimenter in measuring a set of camera performance metrics. These performance metrics identify capabilities and limitations of the camera system, while establishing a means for comparing camera systems. Analysis software is used to evaluate digital camera images recorded with charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. Several types of intensified camera systems are used in the high-speed imaging field. Electro-optical components are used to provide precise shuttering or optical gain for a camera system. These components including microchannel plate or proximity focused diode image intensifiers, electro-static image tubes, or electron-bombarded CCDs affect system performance. It is important to quantify camera system performance in order to qualify a system as meeting experimental requirements. The camera evaluation tool is designed to provide side-by-side camera comparison and system modeling information.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Baker, S. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library