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Environmental Biosciences Program Report for Year Three (open access)

Environmental Biosciences Program Report for Year Three

In May 2002, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) signed Assistance Instrument Number DE-FC09-02CH11109 with the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) to support the Environmental Biosciences Program (EBP). This funding instrument replaces DOE Assistance Instrument Number DE-FC02-98CH10902. EBP is an integrated, multidisciplinary scientific research program, employing a range of research initiatives to identify, study and resolve environmental health risks. These initiatives are consistent with the MUSC role as a comprehensive state-supported health sciences institution and with the nation's need for new and better approaches to the solution of a complex and expansive array of environment-related health problems. The intrinsic capabilities of a comprehensive health sciences institution enable MUSC to be a national resource for the scientific investigation of environmental health issues. EBPs success as a nationally prominent research program is due, in part, to its ability to task-organize scientific expertise from multiple disciplines in addressing these complex problems Current research projects have focused EBP talent and resources on providing the scientific basis for risk-based standards, risk-based decision making and the accelerated clean-up of widespread environmental hazards. These hazards include trichloroethylene and low-dose ionizing radiation. A project is also being conducted in the use of geographical information system technology …
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Mohr, Lawrence C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Exploring Metric Symmetry (open access)

Exploring Metric Symmetry

Relatively minor perturbations to a crystal structure can in some cases result in apparently large changes in symmetry. Changes in space group or even lattice can be induced by heavy metal or halide soaking (Dauter et al, 2001), flash freezing (Skrzypczak-Jankun et al, 1996), and Se-Met substitution (Poulsen et al, 2001). Relations between various space groups and lattices can provide insight in the underlying structural causes for the symmetry or lattice transformations. Furthermore, these relations can be useful in understanding twinning and how to efficiently solve two different but related crystal structures. Although (pseudo) symmetric properties of a certain combination of unit cell parameters and a space group are immediately obvious (such as a pseudo four-fold axis if a is approximately equal to b in an orthorhombic space group), other relations (e.g. Lehtio, et al, 2005) that are less obvious might be crucial to the understanding and detection of certain idiosyncrasies of experimental data. We have developed a set of tools that allows straightforward exploration of possible metric symmetry relations given unit cell parameters and a space group. The new iotbx.explore{_}metric{_}symmetry command produces an overview of the various relations between several possible point groups for a given lattice. Methods for …
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Zwart, P. H.; Grosse-Kunstleve, R. W. & Adams, P. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, July 31, 2006 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, July 31, 2006

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Bush, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
FERMI@Elettra FEL Design Technical Optimization Final Report (open access)

FERMI@Elettra FEL Design Technical Optimization Final Report

This is the final report of the FEL Design Group for the Technical Optimization Study for the FERMI{at}ELETTRA project. The FERMI{at}ELETTRA project is based on the principle of harmonic upshifting of an initial ''seed'' signal in a single pass, FEL amplifier employing multiple undulators. There are a number of FEL physics principles which underlie this approach to obtaining short wavelength output: (1) the energy modulation of the electron beam via the resonant interaction with an external laser seed (2) the use of a chromatic dispersive section to then develop a strong density modulation with large harmonic overtones (3) the production of coherent radiation by the microbunched beam in a downstream radiator. Within the context of the FERMI project, we discuss each of these elements in turn.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Fawley, William; Penn, Gregory; Allaria, Enrico; De Ninno,Giovanni & Graves, William
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fundamentals of Mercury Oxidation in Flue Gas (open access)

Fundamentals of Mercury Oxidation in Flue Gas

The objective of this project is to understand the importance of and the contribution of gas-phase and solid-phase coal constituents in the mercury oxidation reactions. The project involves both experimental and modeling efforts. The team is comprised of the University of Utah, Reaction Engineering International, and the University of Connecticut. The objective is to determine the experimental parameters of importance in the homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation reactions; validate models; and, improve existing models. Parameters to be studied include HCl, NO{sub x}, and SO{sub 2} concentrations, ash constituents, and temperature. This report summarizes Year 3 results for the experimental and modeling tasks. Experiments have been completed on the effects of chlorine. However, the experiments with sulfur dioxide and NO, in the presence of water, suggest that the wet-chemistry analysis system, namely the impingers, is possibly giving erroneous results. Future work will investigate this further and determine the role of reactions in the impingers on the oxidation results. The solid-phase experiments have not been completed and it is anticipated that only preliminary work will be accomplished during this study.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Lighty, JoAnn S.; Silcox, Geoffrey; Fry, Andrew; Helble, Joseph & Krishnakumar, Balaji
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Funeral Program for Mattie Beatrice DeBose, July 31, 2006] (open access)

[Funeral Program for Mattie Beatrice DeBose, July 31, 2006]

Funeral program for Mrs. Mattie Beatrice DeBose, died July 26, 2006. The funeral was held July 31, 2006 at Coliseum Park Baptist Church, officiated by Rev. Edward K. Maney. The funeral arrangements were made through Lewis Funeral Home and she was buried in Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery near San Antonio, Texas.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Pamphlet
System: The Portal to Texas History
Generation IV nuclear energy system initiative. Large GFR core subassemblydesign for the Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor. (open access)

Generation IV nuclear energy system initiative. Large GFR core subassemblydesign for the Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor.

Gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) designs are being developed to meet Gen IV goals of sustainability, economics, safety and reliability, and proliferation resistance and physical protection as part of an International Generation IV Nuclear Energy System Research Initiative effort. Different organizations are involved in the development of a variety of GFR design concepts. The current analysis has focused on the evaluation of low-pressure drop, pin-core designs with favorable passive cooling properties. Initial evaluation of the passive cooling safety case for the GFR during depressurized decay heat removal accidents with concurrent loss of electric power have resulted in requirements for a reduction of core power density to the 100 w/cc level and a low core pressure drop of 0.5 bars. Additional design constraints and the implementation of their constraints are evaluated in this study to enhance and passive cooling properties of the reactor. Passive cooling is made easier by a flat radial distribution of the decay heat. One goal of this study was to evaluate the radial power distribution and determine to what extent it can be flattened, since the decay heat is nearly proportional to the fission power at shutdown. In line with this investigation of the radial power profile, an …
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Hoffman, E. A.; Kulak, R. F.; Therios, I. U. & Wei, T. Y. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Generation IV Nuclear Energy System Initiative. Pin Core Subassembly Design for the Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor. (open access)

Generation IV Nuclear Energy System Initiative. Pin Core Subassembly Design for the Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor.

The Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) is one of six systems selected for viability assessment in the Generation IV program. It features a closed nuclear fuel cycle, consisting of a high-temperature helium-cooled fast spectrum reactor, coupled to a direct-cycle helium turbine for electricity production. The GFR combines the advances of fast spectrum systems with those of high-temperature systems. It was clear from the very beginning that GFR design should be driven by the objective to offer a complementary approach to liquid metal cooling. On this basis, CEA and the US DOE decided to collaborate on the pre-conceptual design of a GFR. This reactor design will provide a high level of safety and full recycling of the actinides, and will also be highly proliferation resistant and economically attractive. The status of this collaborative project is that two unit sizes, 600 MWt and 2400 MWt were selected as the focus of the design and safety studies. Researchers studied fuel forms, fuel assembly/element designs, core configurations, primary and balance-of-plant layouts, and safety approaches for both of these unit sizes. Results regarding the feasibility of this GFR design are encouraging. For example, sustainability and non-proliferation goals can be met and the proposed concept has attractive …
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Farmer, M. T.; Hoffman, E. A.; Pfeiffer, P. F. & Therios, I. U.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Heat Transfer Analysis and Assessment of Kinetics Systems for PBX 9501 (open access)

Heat Transfer Analysis and Assessment of Kinetics Systems for PBX 9501

The study of thermal decomposition in high explosive (HE) charges has been an ongoing process since the early 1900s. This work is specifically directed towards the analysis of PBX 9501. In the early 1970s, Dwight Jaeger of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) developed a single-step, two-species kinetics system that was used in the development of one of the first finite element codes for thermal analyses known as EXPLO. Jaeger's research focused on unconfined spherical samples of HE charges to determine if varied heating ramps would cause detonation or deflagration. Tarver and McGuire of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) followed soon after with a three-step, four-species kinetics system that was developed for confined spheres under relatively fast heating conditions. Peter Dickson et al. of LANL then introduced a kinetics system with four steps and five species that included bimolecular products to capture the effects of the endothermic phase change that the HE undergoes. The results of four experiments are examined to study the effectiveness of these kinetics systems. The experiments are: (1) The LLNL scaled thermal explosion (STEX) experiments on confined cylindrical charges with long heating ramps in the range of 90 hours. (2) The LLNL one-dimensional time to explosion (ODTX) …
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Jorenby, Jeffrey W.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Highly Compact Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Assembly for Medical and Industrial Applications (open access)

Highly Compact Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Assembly for Medical and Industrial Applications

Highly Compact Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Assembly for Medical and Industrial Applications
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Vujic, Jasmina; Kastenberg, William; Greenspan, Ehud & Leung, Ka-Ngo
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
In Situ Electrostatic Separation of Ambient PM2.5 into Source-Specific Fractions During Collection in a FRM Sampler (open access)

In Situ Electrostatic Separation of Ambient PM2.5 into Source-Specific Fractions During Collection in a FRM Sampler

Coal combustion is generally viewed as a major source of PM2.5 emissions into the atmosphere. For some time, toxicologists have been asking for an exposure environment enriched with the coal combustion source specific PM{sub 2.5} to conduct meaningful exposure studies to better understand the mechanisms of the adverse health effects of coal combustion specific PM2.5 in the ambient environment. There are several unique characteristics of primary PM generated from coal combustion. In this research project, an attempt has been made to exploit some of the unique properties of PM generated from coal fired power plants to preferentially separate them out from the rest of the primary and secondary PM in the ambient environment. An existing FRM sampler used for monitoring amount of PM{sub 2.5} in the ambient air is modified to incorporate an electrostatic field. A DC corona charging device is also installed at the ambient air inlet to impart positive or negative charge to the PM. Visual Basic software has been written to simulate the lateral movement of PM as it passes through the electrostatic separator under varying operating conditions. The PM samples collected on polycarbonate filters under varying operating conditions were extensively observed for clustering and/or separation of …
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Shah, Naresh; Huggins, Frank E. & Huffman, Gerald P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations (open access)

India-U.S. Relations

Since 2000, there has been a positive shift in bilateral relations between the U.S. and India. Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan. The U.S. also seeks to curtail the proliferation of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles in South Asia. U.S. concerns about human rights issues related to regional dissidence and separatism in several Indian states continue. Communal tensions, religious freedom, and caste-based discrimination have been other matters of concern. India is in the midst of major and rapid economic expansion. Many U.S. business interests view India as a lucrative market and candidate for foreign investment.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations (open access)

India-U.S. Relations

This report discusses issues regarding contemporary relations between India and the U.S. Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan, a problem rooted in unfinished business from the 1947 Partition and competing claims to the Kashmir region. The United States also seeks to curtail the proliferation of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles in South Asia. U.S. concerns about human rights issues related to regional dissidence and separatism in several Indian states also continue.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
India-U.S. Relations (open access)

India-U.S. Relations

This report discusses issues regarding contemporary relations between India and the U.S. Continuing U.S. interest in South Asia focuses on ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan, a problem rooted in unfinished business from the 1947 Partition and competing claims to the Kashmir region. The United States also seeks to curtail the proliferation of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles in South Asia. U.S. concerns about human rights issues related to regional dissidence and separatism in several Indian states also continue.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Issues and Proposed Expansion (open access)

Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Issues and Proposed Expansion

None
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Innovative Development of Next Generation and Energy Efficient Solid State Light Sources for General Illumination (open access)

Innovative Development of Next Generation and Energy Efficient Solid State Light Sources for General Illumination

This two year program resulted in a novel broadband spectrally dynamic solid state illumination source (BSDLED) that uses a dual wavelength light emitting diode (LED) and combinations of phosphors to create a broadband emission that is real-time controllable. Four major focuses of this work were as follows: (1) creation of a two terminal dual wavelength LED with control of the relative intensities of the two emission peaks, (2) bandgap modeling of the two terminal dual LED to explain operation based on the doping profile, (3) novel use of phosphor combinations with dual LEDs to create a broadband spectral power distribution that can be varied to mimic a blackbody radiator over a certain range and (4) investigation of novel doping schemes to create tunnel junctions or equivalent buried current spreading layers in the III-nitrides. Advances were achieved in each of these four areas which could lead to more efficient solid state light sources with greater functionality over existing devices. The two-terminal BSDLED is an important innovation for the solid-state lighting industry as a variable spectrum source. A three-terminal dual emitter was also investigated and appears to be the most viable approach for future spectrally dynamic solid state lighting sources. However, at …
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Ferguson, Ian
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interim Status Groundwater Monitoring Plan for Low-Level Waste Management Areas 1 to 4, RCRA Facilities, Hanford, Washington (open access)

Interim Status Groundwater Monitoring Plan for Low-Level Waste Management Areas 1 to 4, RCRA Facilities, Hanford, Washington

This ICN updates the current wells in the monitoring network and replaces Appendix A in the original report.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Dresel, P. EVAN
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Internet Gambling: Two Approaches in the 109th Congress (open access)

Internet Gambling: Two Approaches in the 109th Congress

This report is a brief summary of the two approaches related to the internet gambling in the 109th Congress.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Doyle, Charles
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Options (open access)

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Options

According to the Administration’s “National Security Strategy” document released on March 16, 2006, the United States “may face no greater challenge from a single country than Iran.” That perception might have intensified in the context of Iran ally Lebanese Hizballah’s military challenge to Israel in July 2006. To date, the Bush Administration has pursued several avenues to attempt to contain the potential threat posed by Iran, including supporting a long-term policy of changing Iran’s regime. However, the near-term Administration drive to prevent any Iranian nuclear weapons breakthrough has brought diplomatic and economic strategies to the forefront of U.S. policy.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Options (open access)

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Options

Report discussing U.S. concerns with Iran, including concerns relating to endorsements given to terrorist organizations by the Iranian government, nuclear weaponry, and human rights practices.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses (open access)

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses

According to an Administration national security strategy document released on March 16, 2006, the United States "may face no greater challenge from a single country than Iran." The Bush Administration announced May 31, 2006, that it would negotiate with Iran in concert with U.S. allies. If diplomacy and sanctions do not succeed, some advocate military action against Iran's nuclear infrastructure rather than acquiescence to a nuclear-armed Iran. U.S. concerns regarding Iran include Iran's nuclear program, Iran's influence on Iraq by way of providing arms and other material assistance to Shiite Islamist militias, and Iran's human rights practices, which include strict limits on free expression and repression of ethnic and religious minorities.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Long-Term Care: Facts on Adult Day Care (open access)

Long-Term Care: Facts on Adult Day Care

None
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mesoscale Molecular Dynamics of Geomaterials: the Glass Transition, Long-Range Structure of Amorphous Silicates and Relation between Structure, Dynamics and Properties of geomaterials at elevated Temperature and Pressure (open access)

Mesoscale Molecular Dynamics of Geomaterials: the Glass Transition, Long-Range Structure of Amorphous Silicates and Relation between Structure, Dynamics and Properties of geomaterials at elevated Temperature and Pressure

Objectives: Our aims were (1) Large particle-number Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of molten silicate and aluminosilicate geomaterials (e.g., CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 8}, MgSiO{sub 3}, Mg{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}) with emphasis on understanding the connection between atomic structure and properties at temperatures and pressures characteristic of Earth's mantle (2) Study of the transport properties and equations of state for silicate liquids based on the MD results (3) Development of geochemical models for the evolution of crustal magma bodies undergoing simultaneous assimilation, fractional crystallization, periodic recharge and periodic eruption and application to magmatic systems (4) Study of current-day rates of generation and eruption of magma on earth.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Spera, Frank
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mitigating the Impacts of Uncontrolled Air Flow on Indoor Environmental Quality and Energy Demand in Non-Residential Buildings (open access)

Mitigating the Impacts of Uncontrolled Air Flow on Indoor Environmental Quality and Energy Demand in Non-Residential Buildings

This multi-faceted study evaluated several aspects of uncontrolled air flows in commercial buildings in both Northern and Southern climates. Field data were collected from 25 small commercial buildings in New York State to understand baseline conditions for Northern buildings. Laboratory wall assembly testing was completed at Syracuse University to understand the impact of typical air leakage pathways on heat and moisture transport within wall assemblies for both Northern and Southern building applications. The experimental data from the laboratory tests were used to verify detailed heat and moisture (HAM) simulation models that could be used to evaluate a wider array of building applications and situations. Whole building testing at FSEC's Building Science Laboratory (BSL) systematically evaluated the energy and IAQ impacts of duct leakage with various attic and ceiling configurations. This systematic test carefully controlled all aspects of building performance to quantify the impact of duct leakage and unbalanced flow. The newest features of the EnergyPlus building simulation tool were used to model the combined impacts of duct leakage, ceiling leakage, unbalanced flows, and air conditioner performance. The experimental data provided the basis to validate the simulation model so it could be used to study the impact of duct leakage over …
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Henderson, Hugh I.; Zhang, Jensen; Cummings, James B. & Brennan, Terry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library