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Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 102, No. 129, Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 102, No. 129, Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF PRODUCED WATER (open access)

ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF PRODUCED WATER

During the production of oil and gas, large amounts of water are brought to the surface and must be disposed of in an environmentally sensitive manner. This is an especially difficult problem in offshore production facilities where space is a major constraint. The chief regulatory criterion for produced water is oil and grease. Most facilities have little trouble meeting this criterion using conventional oil-water separation technologies. However, some operations have significant amounts of naphthenic acids in the water that behave as oil and grease but are not well removed by conventional technologies. Aerobic biological treatment of naphthenic acids in simulated-produced water has been demonstrated by others; however, the system was easily overloaded by the large amounts of low-molecular-weight organic acids often found in produced waters. The objective of this research was to determine the ability of an anaerobic biological system to treat these organic acids in a simulated produced water and to examine the potential for biodegradation of the naphthenic acids in the anaerobic environment. A small fixed-film anaerobic biological reactor was constructed and adapted to treat a simulated produced water. The bioreactor was tubular, with a low-density porous glass packing material. The inocula to the reactor was sediment from …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Gallagher, John R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aviation Competition: Restricting Airline Ticketing Rules Unlikely to Help Consumers (open access)

Aviation Competition: Restricting Airline Ticketing Rules Unlikely to Help Consumers

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Passengers on the same commercial airline flight may pay very different fares. This situation has led to dissatisfaction among some passengers who believe that airline ticketing practices are unfair. To reduce their cost of flying, some passengers have tried to use "hidden-city" and "back-to-back" ticketing. Hidden-city ticketing occurs when a passenger books a flight to one city but purposely deplanes at an intermediate city. Though never intending to make the last leg of the flight, the passenger buys the ticket because it is cheaper than a ticket to the intermediate city. Back-to-back ticketing occurs when a passenger buys two round-trip tickets that include a Saturday night stay but either uses only half the ticket coupons or uses all the coupons out of sequence. This practice results in a lower price than would be possible by purchasing round-trip tickets that did not include a Saturday night stay. Most airlines expressly forbid the use of hidden-city and back-to-back ticketing. This report reviews (1) the factors that airlines consider when setting fares; (2) the factors that create hidden-city ticketing and the pricing practices that foster back-to-back ticketing practices; (3) …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 247, Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 247, Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 96, No. 61, Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001 (open access)

The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 96, No. 61, Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001

Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Keasling, Edna & Mahoney, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
CALIBRATION OF A VERTICAL-SCAN LONG TRACE PROFILER AT MSFC. (open access)

CALIBRATION OF A VERTICAL-SCAN LONG TRACE PROFILER AT MSFC.

The long trace profiler (LTP) is the instrument of choice for the surface figure measurement of grazing incidence mirrors. The modification of conventional LTP, the vertical-scan LTP, capable of measuring the surface figure of replicated shell mirrors is now in operation at Marshall Space Flight Center. A few sources of systematic error for vertical-scan LTP are discussed. Status of systematic error reduction is reported.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: GUBAREV,M.; KESTER,T. & TAKACS,P.Z.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Controlled Velocity Testing of an 8-kW Wind Turbine (open access)

Controlled Velocity Testing of an 8-kW Wind Turbine

This paper describes a case study of the controlled-velocity test of an 8-kW wind turbine. The turbine was developed in response to the U.S. Department of Energy's small wind turbine program. As background, the prototype development is discussed. The turbine mechanical and electrical components are described. The turbine was tested on a flatbed truck and driven down an airfield runway at constant relative wind speed. Horizontal furling was used to control over-speed. Various parameters were changed to determine their effects on furling. The testing showed that the machine had insufficient rotor offset for adequate furling. Also, a rotor resonance problem was discovered and remedied. Problems associated with taking the measurements made it difficult to determine if the truck test was a suitable method for code validation. However, qualitative observations gleaned from the testing justified the effort.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Larwood, S.; Sencenbaugh, J. & Acker, B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 108, No. 149, Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001 (open access)

Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 108, No. 149, Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
DEVELOPING STATE POLICIES SUPPORTIVE OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT (open access)

DEVELOPING STATE POLICIES SUPPORTIVE OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT

Working within the context of the Southern States Biobased Alliance (SSBA) and with officials in each state, the Southern States Energy Board (SSEB) is identifying bioenergy-related policies and programs within each state to determine their impact on the development, deployment or use of bioenergy. In addition, SSEB will determine which policies have impacted industry's efforts to develop, deploy or use biobased technologies or products. As a result, SSEB will work with the Southern States Biobased Alliance to determine how policy changes might address any negative impacts or enhance positive impacts.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Baskin, Kathryn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DOD Systems Modernization: Continued Investment in the Standard Procurement System Has Not Been Justified (open access)

DOD Systems Modernization: Continued Investment in the Standard Procurement System Has Not Been Justified

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This report reviews the Department of Defense's (DOD) ability to contract for goods and services by acquiring and implementing a standard procurement system (SPS). DOD's management of SPS is a lesson in how not to justify, make, and monitor the implementation of information technology investment decisions. Specifically, DOD has not (1) ensured that accountability and responsibility for measuring progress against commitments are clearly understood, performed, and reported; (2) demonstrated, on the basis of reliable data and credible analysis, that the proposed system solution will produce economic benefits commensurate with costs; (3) used data on progress against project cost, schedule, and performance commitments throughout a project's life cycle to make investment decisions; and (4) divided this large project into a series of incremental investment decisions to spread the risks over smaller, more manageable components. Because it has yet to effectively apply any of these basic tenets of effective investment management to SPS, DOD lacks the basic information needed to make informed decisions on how to proceed with the project. Nevertheless, DOD continues to push forward in acquiring and deploying additional versions of SPS. Continuing this approach involves …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drop Calculations of HLW Canister and Pu Can-in-Canister (open access)

Drop Calculations of HLW Canister and Pu Can-in-Canister

The objective of this calculation is to determine the structural response of the standard high-level waste (HLW) canister and the canister containing the cans of immobilized plutonium (Pu) (''can-in-canister'' [CIC] throughout this document) subjected to drop DBEs (design basis events) during the handling operation. The evaluated DBE in the former case is 7-m (23-ft) vertical (flat-bottom) drop. In the latter case, two 2-ft (0.61-m) corner (oblique) drops are evaluated in addition to the 7-m vertical drop. These Pu CIC calculations are performed at three different temperatures: room temperature (RT) (20 C ), T = 200 F = 93.3 C , and T = 400 F = 204 C ; in addition to these the calculation characterized by the highest maximum stress intensity is performed at T = 750 F = 399 C as well. The scope of the HLW canister calculation is limited to reporting the calculation results in terms of: stress intensity and effective plastic strain in the canister, directional residual strains at the canister outer surface, and change of canister dimensions. The scope of Pu CIC calculation is limited to reporting the calculation results in terms of stress intensity, and effective plastic strain in the canister. The information …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Mastilovic, Sreten
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EMERGE - ESnet/MREN Regional Science Grid Experimental NGI Testbed (open access)

EMERGE - ESnet/MREN Regional Science Grid Experimental NGI Testbed

This document is the final report on the EMERGE Science Grid testbed research project from the perspective of the International Center for Advanced Internet Research (iCAIR) at Northwestern University, which was a subcontractor to this UIC project. This report is a compilation of information gathered from a variety of materials related to this project produced by multiple EMERGE participants, especially those at Electronic Visualization Lab (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Argonne National Lab and iCAIR. The EMERGE Science Grid project was managed by Tom DeFanti, PI from EVL at UIC.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Mambretti, Joe; DeFanti, Tom & Brown, Maxine
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emplacement Drift System Description Document (open access)

Emplacement Drift System Description Document

The Emplacement Drift System is part of the Engineered Barrier System and provides the interface between the various waste package (WP) systems and the Ground Control System. In conjunction with the various WPs, the Emplacement Drift System limits the release and transport of radionuclides from the WP to the Natural Barrier following waste emplacement. Collectively, the Emplacement Drift System consists of the structural support hardware (emplacement drift invert and WP emplacement pallet) and any performance-enhancing barriers (drip shields and invert ballast) installed or placed in the emplacement drifts. The Emplacement Drift System is entirely located within the emplacement drifts in the subsurface portion of the Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR); specifically, it is physically bounded by the Subsurface Facility System, the Ground Support System, and the Natural Barrier. The Emplacement Drift System supports the key MGR functions of limiting radionuclide release to the Natural Barrier, minimizing the likelihood of a criticality external to the WPs, limiting natural and induced environmental effects, and providing WP support. The Emplacement Drift System limits radionuclide release to the Natural Barrier by controlling the movement of radionuclides within the emplacement drift and to the Natural Barrier, and by limiting water contact with the WPs. The Emplacement …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Loros, Eric
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy in 2001: Crisis Again? (open access)

Energy in 2001: Crisis Again?

This report deals with changes in the national energy picture since the early 1990s, when Congress last dealt at length with energy policy. It reviews the problem areas and discusses differing views on how to deal with the energy situation in the long run. A summary of some current legislative initiatives is also given.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Behrens, Carl E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Contamination: Cleanup Actions at Formerly Used Defense Sites (open access)

Environmental Contamination: Cleanup Actions at Formerly Used Defense Sites

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers estimates that it will spend as much as $20 billion to clean up contamination at thousands of properties that were once owned, leased, or operated by the Defense Department (DOD). These properties contain hazardous, toxic, and radioactive wastes in the soil and water or in containers, such as underground storage tanks. The Corps is responsible for cleaning up the hazards, including removing underground storage tanks. DOD's annual report on its environmental restoration activities can provide a misleading picture of the Corps' accomplishments. DOD's accounts of completed projects include projects that were ineligible or that did not involve any actual cleanup effort. As a result, the impression is that--after 15 years and expenditures of $2.6 billion--more than half of the projects at formerly used defense sites have been completed. In reality, only about 32 percent of those projects that required actual cleanup actions have been completed, and those are the cheapest and least technologically challenging. The Corps estimates that the remaining projects will cost more than $13 billion and take upwards of 70 years to complete. The Corps' reporting of completed …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Equivalence Ratio-EGR Control of HCCI Engine Operation and the Potential for Transition to Spark-Ignited Operation (open access)

Equivalence Ratio-EGR Control of HCCI Engine Operation and the Potential for Transition to Spark-Ignited Operation

This research investigates a control system for HCCI engines, where equivalence ratio, fraction of EGR and intake pressure are adjusted as needed to obtain satisfactory combustion. HCCI engine operation is analyzed with a detailed chemical kinetics code, HCT (Hydrodynamics, Chemistry and Transport), that has been extensively modified for application to engines. HCT is linked to an optimizer that determines the operating conditions that result in maximum brake thermal efficiency, while meeting the peak cylinder pressure restriction. The results show the values of the operating conditions that yield optimum efficiency as a function of torque and rpm. The engine has high NO{sub x} emissions for high power operation, so the possibility of switching to stoichiometric operation for high torque conditions is considered. Stoichiometric operation would allow the use of a three-way catalyst to reduce NO{sub x} emissions to acceptable levels. Finally, the paper discusses the possibility of transitioning from HCCI operation to SI operation to achieve high power output.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Martinez-Frias, J; Aceves, S M; Flowers, D L; Smith, J R & Dibble, R
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Codisposal Viability for Melt and Dilute DOE-Owned Fuel (open access)

Evaluation of Codisposal Viability for Melt and Dilute DOE-Owned Fuel

There are more than 250 forms of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-owned spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Due to the variety of the spent nuclear fuel, the National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program has designated nine representative fuel groups for disposal criticality analyses based on fuel matrix, primary fissile isotope, and enrichment (DOE 2000b, Section 6.6.8). The Melt and Dilute (MD) SNF has been designated as the representative fuel for the high-enriched U-Al fuel group. The MD SNF consists of homogeneous cylindrical ingots with 16.5 in. (419.1 mm) maximum diameter. Two general ingot compositions are considered in the criticality and geochemistry analyses. The first composition consists of 8.2 to 18.2 wt% uranium, enriched at less than 20 wt% U-235 and 0.5 wt% gadolinium, with the balance of the ingot being aluminum. The second composition is identical to the first for uranium and gadolinium, but in this case 2.5 wt% of the ingot is hafnium, with the balance of the ingot being aluminum. The results of the analyses performed will be used to develop waste acceptance criteria. The items that are important to criticality control are identified based on the analysis needs and result sensitivities. Prior to acceptance of fuel from the high-enriched …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Radulescu, H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Tuesday, July 31, 2001

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Bush, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Facilities Location: Agencies Should Pay More Attention to Costs and Rural Development Act (open access)

Facilities Location: Agencies Should Pay More Attention to Costs and Rural Development Act

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Concerns have been raised that federal agencies may not have been considering locating facilities in rural areas, as required by the Rural Development Act of 1972 (RDA), despite recent advances in telecommunications technology. GAO found that, since its 1990 report (GGD-90-109) on this issue, federal agencies generally continue to be located in higher cost, urban areas. Eight of the 13 cabinet agencies surveyed had no formal RDA siting policy, and there was little evidence that agencies considered RDA's requirements when siting new federal facilities. Furthermore, GSA has not developed the cost-conscious, governmentwide location policy recommended by GAO in 1990. In GAO's survey, the sites that involved relocated operations still largely remained in urban areas, while the sites that involved newly established operations were more evenly spread over rural and urban areas. Federal agencies' mission requirements, such as the need to be near clients or other organizations, apparently have led them to select urban areas. GAO found that government functions, such as research and development, data processing, accounting and finance, and teleservice centers, can be located in rural areas. Although it is unclear from the information GAO …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[A fax from Steven K. Cox] (open access)

[A fax from Steven K. Cox]

Document of a faxed message from Steven K. Cox to Cheryll Martin. The message is written in an informal tone. Cox is requesting Cheryll for two full-page ads of a specific measurement for the Black Tie Dinner's 20th anniversary and the AIDS epidemic.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Black Tie Dinner, Inc.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Tort Claims Act: Coverage and Claims for Tribal Self-Determination Contracts at the Indian Health Service (open access)

Federal Tort Claims Act: Coverage and Claims for Tribal Self-Determination Contracts at the Indian Health Service

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 encourages tribes to participate in and manage programs that for years had been administered on their behalf by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Department of the Interior. The act authorizes tribes to take over the administration of such programs through contractual arrangements with the agencies that previously ran them: HHS' Indian Health Service and Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs. For the Indian Health Service, the programs include mental health, dental care, hospitals and clinics. For the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the programs that can be contracted by tribes include law enforcement, education, and social services. Under the first 15 years of the Self-Determination Act, tribal contractors generally assumed liability for accidents or torts (civil wrongdoings) caused by their employees. However, in 1990, the federal government permanently assumed this liability when Congress extended the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) coverage to tribal contractors under the Self-Determination Act. Originally enacted in 1946, FTCA established a process by which individuals injured by federal employees could seek compensation from the federal government. As a result of extending this …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Trade Commission: Enforcement of the Franchise Rule (open access)

Federal Trade Commission: Enforcement of the Franchise Rule

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Franchises are business arrangements that require payment for the opportunity to sell trademarked goods and services. Business opportunity ventures do not involve a trademark, but require payment for the opportunity to distribute goods or services with assistance in the form of locations or accounts. The Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) Trade Regulation Rule on Franchising and Business Opportunity Ventures (Franchise Rule) requires franchise and business opportunity sellers to disclose financial and other information to prospective purchasers before they pay any money or sign an agreement. In addition, FTC enforces section 5 of the FTC Act, which addresses unfair or deceptive acts or practices. Over the past several years, Congress has debated the need for a federal statute to generally regulate franchises, including issues that arise between franchisors and franchisees after the franchise agreement is signed. Much of the debate centers on the relative bargaining power franchisees have when dealing with their franchisors over various issues, such as the location of new franchised outlets or the termination of franchise relationships without good cause and advance, written notice. This report reviews FTC's enforcement of its Franchise Rule and discusses …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Field Measurements of Electro-osmotic Transport of Ground Water Contaminants in a Lithologically Heterogeneous Alluvial-Fan Setting (open access)

Field Measurements of Electro-osmotic Transport of Ground Water Contaminants in a Lithologically Heterogeneous Alluvial-Fan Setting

Remediation of contaminated ground water by pump-and-treat approaches is often problematic because the heterogeneous distributions of lithologies, and hence hydraulic conductivities, characterizing many aquifers result in complex flow paths. Consequently, contaminants are removed readily from the most permeable regions of the subsurface but the less permeable sediments, rich in clay and silt, remain largely undisturbed. These continue to act as diffusion-limited sources for further contamination of the permeable sediments. Under certain circumstances, specialized technologies, such as electrokinetic approaches, may be useful for enhancing the removal of ground water from low-permeability sediments. These circumstances generally include high contaminant concentrations--hence posing a chronic source threat--and a relatively small area requiring treatment. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in Livermore, California, electro-osmosis (EO) is being evaluated as a means for extracting ground water containing trichloroethylene (TCE) and other chlorinated hydrocarbons from fine-grained sediments in a plume source area.
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: McNab, W.; Karachewski, J. & Weismann, G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FIELD TEST PROGRAM TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN, OPERATING AND COST DATA FOR MERCURY CONTROL SYSTEMS ON NON-SCRUBBED COAL-FIRED BOILERS (open access)

FIELD TEST PROGRAM TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN, OPERATING AND COST DATA FOR MERCURY CONTROL SYSTEMS ON NON-SCRUBBED COAL-FIRED BOILERS

With the Nation's coal-burning utilities facing the possibility of tighter controls on mercury pollutants, the U.S. Department of Energy is funding projects that could offer power plant operators better ways to reduce these emissions at much lower costs. Mercury is known to have toxic effects on the nervous system of humans and wildlife. Although it exists only in trace amounts in coal, mercury is released when coal burns and can accumulate on land and in water. In water, bacteria transform the metal into methylmercury, the most hazardous form of the metal. Methylmercury can collect in fish and marine mammals in concentrations hundreds of thousands times higher than the levels in surrounding waters. One of the goals of DOE is to develop technologies by 2005 that will be capable of cutting mercury emissions 50 to 70 percent at well under one-half of today's costs. ADA Environmental Solutions (ADA-ES) is managing a project to test mercury control technologies at full scale at four different power plants from 2000 to 2003. The ADA-ES project is focused on those power plants that are not equipped with wet flue gas desulfurization systems. ADA-ES will develop a portable system that will be moved to four different …
Date: July 31, 2001
Creator: Bustard, C. Jean
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library