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Agroterrorism: Options in Congress (open access)

Agroterrorism: Options in Congress

Although U.S. intelligence agencies have not identified any terrorist acts targeting agricultural production (i.e., agroterrorism) in the United States to date, the events of September 11, 2001 have awakened the nation to their possibility. Some experts estimate that a single agroterrorist attack using a highly contagious livestock disease could cost between $10 billion and $30 billion to the U.S. economy. This report examines the potential threats to America’s agriculture from a deliberate biological attack, describes the current defense structure and capabilities available to respond to agroterrorism, and analyzes current congressional proposals to address the threat of biological weapons to U.S. agriculture.
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Segarra, Alejandro E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution (open access)

Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution

This report discusses the budget resolution, which provides the framework for subsequent legislative action on the annual appropriations bills, revenue measures, debt-limit legislation, reconciliation legislation (if required), and any other budgetary legislation.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration (open access)

Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration

Budget reconciliation is an optional two-step process Congress may use to assure compliance with the direct spending, revenue, and debt-limit levels set forth in budget resolutions.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Budget for Fiscal Year 2004 (open access)

The Budget for Fiscal Year 2004

In March, CBO released its report analyzing the President’s policies. CBO’s estimates of the President’s budget, a recasting of the policies using CBO assumptions and budget estimating methods, raise the expected deficit for FY2004 to $338 billion from the OMB estimated $307 billion. The report also included an update to CBO’s January baseline that pushed the deficit for FY2004 to $200 billion from $145 billion. The revisions delay the return-to-a-surplus from FY2007 to FY2008 and reduce the cumulative FY2004-FY2013 surplus from $1,336 billion (January) to $891 billion (March).
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Winters, Philip D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY2004 Budget: A Chronology and Resource Guide with Internet Access (open access)

FY2004 Budget: A Chronology and Resource Guide with Internet Access

This report provides a select chronology and resource guide concerning congressional and presidential actions and documents pertaining to budget for FY2004, which runs from October 1, 2003 through September 30, 2004. The budget actions and documents referenced in this report relate to the President’s FY2004 budget submission, the FY2004 Congressional Budget Resolution (H.Con.Res 95), reconciliation legislation, debt-limit legislation, and FY2004 appropriation measures.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Murray, Justin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A User's Guide to the Congressional Record (open access)

A User's Guide to the Congressional Record

The Congressional Record is a substantially verbatim account of remarks made during the proceedings of the House and Senate, subject only to technical, grammatical, and typographical corrections. It consists of four main sections: the proceedings of the House and Senate, the Extensions of Remarks, and the Daily Digest. This fact sheet is one of a series on the legislative process.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Record: Its Production, Distribution, and Accessibility (open access)

Congressional Record: Its Production, Distribution, and Accessibility

The Congressional Record is the most widely recognized published account of the debates and activities in Congress. The Record often reflects the intent of Congress in enacting legislation. This fact sheet is one of a series on the legislative process.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Congressional Budget Process Timetable (open access)

The Congressional Budget Process Timetable

The Congressional Budget Act (CBA) of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344, 88 Stat. 297-332) established the congressional budget process, which coordinates the legislative activities on the budget resolution, appropriations bills, reconciliation legislation, revenue measures, and other budgetary legislation. Section 300 of this act provides a timetable (see Table 1) so that Congress may complete its work on the budget by the start of the fiscal year on October 1.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Secret Sessions of the House and Senate (open access)

Secret Sessions of the House and Senate

None
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pages of the United States Congress: Selection, Duties, and Program Administration (open access)

Pages of the United States Congress: Selection, Duties, and Program Administration

None
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States (open access)

Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States

None
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Authorization and Appropriations for FY2004: Defense (open access)

Authorization and Appropriations for FY2004: Defense

This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Energy and Water. It summarizes the current legislative status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related legislative activity. The report lists the key CRS staff relevant to the issues covered and related CRS products.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Belasco, Amy & Daggett, Stephen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Disaster Relief and Response: FY2003 Supplemental Appropriations (open access)

Disaster Relief and Response: FY2003 Supplemental Appropriations

On July 7, 2003, President Bush submitted a second supplemental appropriations request to Congress for FY2003. The request seeks $1.889 billion for three disaster relief activities: $289 million for wildfire suppression and rehabilitation carried out by the Departments of Agriculture and the Interior, $1.550 billion for disaster relief administered by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and $50 million for the investigation and recovery associated with the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. For the most part, Members of Congress evince support for the disaster relief funding request; however, some debate has occurred on other funding sought, notably funding for AmeriCorps grants.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Bea, Keith
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Department of Energy's Weatherization Assistance Program (open access)

The Department of Energy's Weatherization Assistance Program

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) is one of the largest energy conservation programs in the nation. The DOE program is implemented in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Native American Tribes. It weatherizes an average of 70,000 dwellings per year. The program strives to increase the energy efficiency of dwellings occupied by low-income persons in order to reduce their energy consumption and lower their fuel bills. It targets vulnerable groups including the elderly, people with disabilities, and families with children.
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Butler, Alice D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Executive Branch Reorganization and Management Initiatives (open access)

Executive Branch Reorganization and Management Initiatives

This issue brief views reorganization and management as involving the alteration of the program administrative structure and operations of the executive branch for reasons of efficiency, economy, and direction. The underlying issue is who reorganizes or sets management policy—Congress or the President— and by what authority and, also, for what purpose?
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Relyea, Harold C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Overview, FY2004 Budget in Brief, and Issues for Congress (open access)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Overview, FY2004 Budget in Brief, and Issues for Congress

None
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Auditing and Accounting Reform Proposals: A Side-by-Side Comparison (open access)

Auditing and Accounting Reform Proposals: A Side-by-Side Comparison

This report compares the major provisions of three auditor and accounting reform proposals: two versions of H.R. 3763 (as passed by the House on April 24, 2002, and by the Senate on July 15, 2002), and proposed rules that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published on June 26th under its existing authority. H.R. 3763, in its House and Senate versions, and the SEC proposal seek to restore confidence in corporate reporting by enhancing the oversight of financial accounting. All three proposals would create a new oversight body to regulate independent auditors (whose certification the law requires to be affixed to the annual reports of all publicly traded corporations).
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Jickling, Mark
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations (open access)

Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations

None
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Coipuram, Thomas, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges (open access)

U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges

None
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Egypt-United States Relations (open access)

Egypt-United States Relations

Among the current issues in U.S.-Egyptian relations are the shared concerns over the terrorist attacks against Egyptian police, religious, government, and tourist facilities, and what those attacks maysignal for Egypt’s domestic stability. The two nations may disagree over Egypt’s interpretation of applying human rights practices to Islamic terrorists. The two countries disagree over the speed and depth, but not the need for some of Egypt’s economic reforms. Egypt and the United States agree on the importance of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, the need to continue current Arab-Israel peace talks, and the need for regional stability. The two nations agree on Egypt’s determination to introduce democratic reforms to Egypt.
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Mark, Clyde R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China-U.S. Relations (open access)

China-U.S. Relations

This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. Since the early 1990s, U.S.-China relations have followed an uneven course, with modest improvements overshadowed by various recurring difficulties and setbacks. Longstanding bilateral difficulties have included U.S. problems with the PRC’s worsening human rights record, growing tensions over the PRC’s southern military build-up opposite Taiwan and Taiwan’s political status, and continued controversy over allegations of Chinese proliferation of weapons to unstable regimes.
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns (open access)

Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns

The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.
Date: July 17, 2002
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation (open access)

Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation

Falling agricultural exports and declining commodity prices led farm groups and agribusiness firms to urge the 106th Congress to pass legislation exempting foods and agricultural commodities from U.S. economic sanctions against certain countries. In completing action on the FY2001 agriculture appropriations bill, Congress codified the lifting of unilateral sanctions on commercial sales of food, agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical products to Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Sudan, and extended this policy to apply to Cuba (Title IX of H.R. 5426, as enacted by P.L. 106-387; Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000). Related provisions place financing and licensing conditions on sales to these countries. Those that apply to Cuba, though, are permanent and more restrictive than for the other countries. Other provisions give Congress the authority in the future to veto a President's proposal to impose a sanction on the sale of agricultural or medical products.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Jurenas, Remy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations (open access)

Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations

Cyprus has been divided since 1974. Greek Cypriots, nearly 80% of the population, live in the southern two thirds of the island. Turkish Cypriots live in the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (recognized only by Turkey), with about 30,000 Turkish troops providing security. U.N. peacekeeping forces maintain a buffer zone between the two. Members of Congress have urged the Administration to be more active, although they have not proposed an alternative to the U.N.-sponsored talks.
Date: July 17, 2003
Creator: Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library