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Education Vouchers: Constitutional Issues and Cases
This report details the constitutional standards that currently apply to indirect aid programs and summarizes all of the pertinent state and federal court decisions, including the Ohio case that will be heard by the Supreme Court. On September 25, 2001, the Supreme Court agreed to review a case raising the controversial issue of the constitutionality of education vouchers. In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris the Sixth Circuit held Ohio’s Pilot Scholarship Program, which provided up to $2500 to help low-income students in Cleveland’s public schools attend private schools in the city, to violate the establishment of religion clause of the First Amendment.
Date:
July 16, 2002
Creator:
Ackerman, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coherent beam-beam effects, theory & observations
Current theoretical understanding of the coherent beam-beam effect as well as its experimental observations are discussed: conditions under which the coherent beambeam modes may appear, possibility of their resonant interaction (coherent resonances), stability of beam-beam oscillations in the presence of external impedances. A special attention is given to the coherent beam-beam modes of finite length bunches: the synchro-betatron coupling is shown to provide reduction in the coherent tuneshift and--at the synchrotron tune values smaller than the beam-beam parameter--Landau damping by overlapping synchrotron satellites.
Date:
July 16, 2003
Creator:
Alexahin, Yuri I
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Timpson & Tenaha News (Timpson, Tex.), Vol. 28, No. 28, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 16, 2009
Weekly newspaper from Timpson, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
July 16, 2009
Creator:
Alexander, Nancy
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Guide to Individuals Seated on the Senate Dais
This report is a brief summary of House and Senate procedures for reaching agreement on legislation. It discusses the provisions of House Rule XXII and Senate Rule XXVIII as well as other applicable rules, precedents, and practices. The report focuses on the most common and customary procedures.
Date:
July 16, 2003
Creator:
Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11
This report provides information about the Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11.
Date:
July 16, 2007
Creator:
Amy, Belsaco
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Processing of CuInSe2-Based Solar Cells: Characterization of Deposition Processes in Terms of Chemical Reaction Analyses. Final Report, 6 May 1995 - 31 December 1998
This project describes a novel rotating-disc reactor has been designed and built to enable modulated flux deposition of CuInSe2 and its related binary compounds. The reactor incorporates both a thermally activated source and a novel plasma-activated source of selenium vapor, which have been used for the growth of epitaxial and polycrystalline thin-film layers of CuInSe2. A comparison of the different selenium reactant sources has shown evidence of increases in its incorporation when using the plasma source, but no measurable change when the thermally activated source was used. We concluded that the chemical reactivity of selenium vapor from the plasma source is significantly greater than that provided by the other sources studied. Epitaxially grown CuInSe2 layers on GaAs, ZnTe, and SrF2 demonstrate the importance of nucleation effects on the morphology and crystallographic structure of the resulting materials. These studies have resulted in the first reported growth of the CuAu type-I crystallographic polytype of CuInSe2, and the first reported epitaxial growth of CuInSe2 on ZnTe. Polycrystalline binary (Cu,Se) and (In,Se) thin films have been grown, and the molar flux ratio of selenium to metals was varied. It is shown that all of the reported binary compounds in each of the corresponding binary …
Date:
July 16, 2001
Creator:
Anderson, T. J. & Stanbery, B. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 92, Ed. 1 Friday, July 16, 2004
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
July 16, 2004
Creator:
Andrews, Mike
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A fast contour descriptor algorithm for supernova imageclassification
We describe a fast contour descriptor algorithm and its application to a distributed supernova detection system (the Nearby Supernova Factory) that processes 600,000 candidate objects in 80 GB of image data per night. Our shape-detection algorithm reduced the number of false positives generated by the supernova search pipeline by 41% while producing no measurable impact on running time. Fourier descriptors are an established method of numerically describing the shapes of object contours, but transform-based techniques are ordinarily avoided in this type of application due to their computational cost. We devised a fast contour descriptor implementation for supernova candidates that meets the tight processing budget of the application. Using the lowest-order descriptors (F{sub 1} and F{sub -1}) and the total variance in the contour, we obtain one feature representing the eccentricity of the object and another denoting its irregularity. Because the number of Fourier terms to be calculated is fixed and small, the algorithm runs in linear time, rather than the O(n log n) time of an FFT. Constraints on object size allow further optimizations so that the total cost of producing the required contour descriptors is about 4n addition/subtraction operations, where n is the length of the contour.
Date:
July 16, 2006
Creator:
Aragon, Cecilia R. & Aragon, David Bradburn
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The United Kingdom: Issues for the United States
This report assesses the current state of U.S.-UK relations. It examines the pressures confronting London as it attempts to balance its interests between the United States and the EU, and the prospects for the U.S.-UK partnership, especially in the unfolding Brown era.
Date:
July 16, 2007
Creator:
Archick, Kristin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of Bomb Radiocarbon Chronologies to Shortfin Mako (Isurus oxyrinchus)
There is an ongoing disagreement regarding the aging of the shortfin mako due to a difference of interpretation in the periodic deposition of vertebral growth band pairs, especially for the larger size classes. Using analysis of length-month information, tagging data, and length-frequency analysis, concluded that two band pairs were formed in the vertebral centrum every year (biannual band-pair interpretation). Cailliet et al. (1983), however, presented growth parameters based on the common assumption that one band pair forms annually (annual band-pair interpretation). Therefore, growth rates obtained by Pratt & Casey (1983) were twice that of Cailliet et al. (1983) and could lead to age discrepancies of about 15 years for maximum estimated ages on the order of 30 from the annual band-pair interpretation. Serious consequences in the population dynamics could occur for this species if inputs are based on an invalid age interpretation. The latest Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for Highly Migratory Species (HMS), for example, adopted the biannual band pair deposition hypothesis because it apparently fit the observed growth patterns best (Pacific Fishery Management Council 2003). However, the ongoing uncertainty about the aging of the shortfin mako was acknowledged and it was recommended that an endeavor to resolve this issue …
Date:
July 16, 2007
Creator:
Ardizzone, D; Cailliet, G M; Natanson, L J; Andrews, A H; Kerr, L A & Brown, T A
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A rigorous treatment of a follow-the-leader traffic model with traffic lights present
Traffic flow on a unidirectional roadway in the presence of traffic lights is modeled. Individual car responses to green, yellow, and red lights are postulated and these result in rules governing the acceleration and deceleration of individual cars. The essence of the model is that only specific cars are directly affected by the lights. The other cars behave according to simple follow-the-leader rules which limit their speed by the spacing between it and the car directly ahead. The model has a number of desirable properties; namely cars do not run red lights, cars do not smash into one another, and cars exhibit no velocity reversals. In a situation with multiple lights operating in-phase we get, after an initial startup period, a constant number of cars through each light during any green-yellow period. Moreover, this flux is less by one or two cars per period than the flux obtained in discretized versions of the idealized Lighthill, Whitham, Richards model which allows for infinite accelerations.
Date:
July 16, 2003
Creator:
Argall, Brenna; Cheleshkin, Eugene; Greenberg, J.M.; Hinde, Colin & Lin, Pei-Jen
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Guinea's 2008 Military Coup and Relations with the United States
This report analyzes developments in the Francophone West African country of Guinea since the military's seizure of power in December 2008, Guinea's relations with the United States, and U.S. policy in the wake of the coup. It also provides background on Guinean history and politics.
Date:
July 16, 2009
Creator:
Arieff, Alexis & Cook, Nicolas
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Guinea's 2008 Military Coup and Relations with the United States
This report analyzes developments since the military's seizure of power in December 2008, Guinea's relations with the United States, and U.S. policy in the wake of the coup. It also provides background on Guinean history and politics.
Date:
July 16, 2009
Creator:
Arieff, Alexis & Cook, Nicolas
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate 2003 Postdoctoral Symposium
None
Date:
July 16, 2003
Creator:
Arsenlis, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 94, No. 168, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 16, 2009
Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
July 16, 2009
Creator:
Atkinson, Luke
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Vibrational Spectra of Dense Molecular Fluids in a Laser-Heated DAC: Implications to Shock Compressed Fluids
Recent technical advances have made it possible to obtain very useful spectroscopic information about simple molecules at temperatures and pressures exceeding 2000K and 10 GPa inside a diamond-anvil cell, which is well above any melting point for such systems. This is accomplished by obtaining vibrational spectra via Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy in conjunction with CW laser heating using a tungsten toroid as a laser target. By the simultaneous use of these techniques, vibrational spectra with relatively high signal to noise can be obtained despite the enormous thermal background generated by the incandescence of extremely hot laser heated material. Temperatures can be measured not only by fitting the Planck radiation to a graybody, but by the spectroscopic evidence of a Boltzmann distribution of molecules in their vibrationally excited quantum levels. Additionally, this technique allows for obtaining data at pressures and temperatures outside the region between the shock hugoniot and isentrope, complementing shock wave experiments.
Date:
July 16, 2003
Creator:
Baer, B. J. & Yoo, C. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Endangered Species Act (ESA), Sound Science, and the Courts
None
Date:
July 16, 2003
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Endangered Species Act and "Sound Science"
This report provides a context for evaluating legislative proposals through examples of how science has been used in selected cases, a discussion of the nature and role of science in general, and its role in the Endangered Species Act (ESA) process in particular, together with general and agency information quality requirements and policies, and a review of how the courts have viewed agency use of science.
Date:
July 16, 2002
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela & Corn, M. Lynne
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Safety Evaluation Report: Development of a Novel Efficient Solid-Oxide Hybrid for Co-generation of Hydrogen and Electricity Using Nearby Resources for Local Applications, Materials and Systems Research, Inc. (MSRI), Salt Lake City, UT, February 17, 2009
Following a telephone interview with Materials and Systems Research, Inc. (MSRI) by members of the Hydrogen Safety Panel on December 4, 2008, a safety review team was dispatched to Salt Lake City, UT to perform a site-visit review. The major topic of concern was the presence of a hydrogen storage and dispensing shed on the MSRI premises close to both its own laboratory/office building and to the adjoining property. The metal shed contains 36 cylinders (two 18-cylinder "pods") of hydrogen all connected to a common manifold and used to supply hydrogen to a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) fuel cell project plus several other projects using an entire pod as a common supply. In busy times, MSRI uses and replaces one pod per week. As a result of the site visit, the safety review team has raised some concern with the shed’s location, design, use, and safety features as well as other components of the facility, including the laboratory area.
Date:
July 16, 2009
Creator:
Barilo, Nick F.; Frikken, Don; Skolnik, Edward G. & Weiner, Steven C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synchrotron radiation issues in the VLHC
Fermilab and other DOE high energy physics laboratories are studying the possibility of a Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) for operation in the post-LHC era. The current VLHC design [1] foresees a 2-staged approach, where the second stage (referred to as VLHC-2) has a proton energy up to 100 TeV at a peak luminosity of 2{center_dot}10{sup 34} cm{sup {minus}2} sec{sup {minus}1}. The protons are guided through a large 233 km circumference ring with 10 T bending magnets using Nb{sub 3}Sn superconductor at 5 K. The synchrotron radiation (SR) power emitted by the beam in such a machine is {approx}5 W/m/beam [1]. However, other VLHC scenarios (e.g. [2]) with smaller rings and higher luminosity result in SR power levels exceeding this value, reaching 10 or even 20 W/m/beam. Intercepting and removing this power in a cryogenic environment is a major challenge. In this paper a discussion of SR in the VLHC-2, and various approaches to the issue, are presented. One possibility is the use of a beam screen (BS) to intercept the synchrotron radiation power. The BS operating temperature is chosen to balance thermodynamic efficiency, cryogenic-, vacuum-, beam-stability- and magnet-aperture issues. Another approach is to intercept the radiation in discrete points …
Date:
July 16, 2001
Creator:
Bauer, Pierre; Darve, C.; Limon, P.; Solyak, N.; Terechkine, I.; Pivi, M. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flat Tax Proposals and Fundamental Tax Reform: An Overview
None
Date:
July 16, 2004
Creator:
Bickley, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flat Tax Proposals and Fundamental Tax Reform: An Overview
None
Date:
July 16, 2003
Creator:
Bickley, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[22nd Youth Arts Institute Djaamana' Deen on VHS]
Video recording from The Black Academy of Arts and Letters recorded during their 22nd Youth Arts Institute Djaamana Deen event 2006. This video features a performance of TBAAL's summer institute production, "Djaamana' Deen" live on the Naomi Bruton Main Stage.
Date:
July 16, 2006
Creator:
Boyd, Kenneth
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
USE OF MAILBOX APPROACH, VIDEO SURVEILLANCE, AND SHORT-NOTICE RANDOM INSPECTIONS TO ENHANCE DETECTION OF UNDECLARED LEU PRODUCTION AT GAS CENTRIFUGE ENRICHMENT PLANTS.
Current safeguards approaches used by the IAEA at gas centrifuge enrichment plants (GCEPs) need enhancement in order to detect undeclared LEU production with adequate detection probability. ''Mailbox'' declarations have been used in the last two decades to verify receipts, production, and shipments at some bulk-handling facilities (e.g., fuel-fabrication plants). The operator declares the status of his plant to the IAEA on a daily basis using a secure ''Mailbox'' system such as a secure tamper-resistant computer. The operator agrees to hold receipts and shipments for a specified period of time, along with a specified number of annual inspections, to enable inspector access to a statistically large enough population of UF{sub 6} cylinders and fuel assemblies to achieve the desired detection probability. The inspectors can access the ''Mailbox'' during randomly timed inspections and then verify the operator's declarations for that day. Previously, this type of inspection regime was considered mainly for verifying the material balance at fuel-fabrication, enrichment, and conversion plants. Brookhaven National Laboratory has expanded the ''Mailbox'' concept with short-notice random inspections (SNRIs), coupled with enhanced video surveillance, to include declaration and verification of UF{sub 6} cylinder operational data to detect activities associated with undeclared LEU production at GCEPs. Since the …
Date:
July 16, 2006
Creator:
Boyer, Brian D.; Gordon, David M. & Jo, Jae
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library