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Item Veto and Expanded Impoundment Proposals (open access)

Item Veto and Expanded Impoundment Proposals

In recent years conflicting budget priorities and divided political control have accentuated the institutional tensions between the executive and legislative branches inherent in the federal budget process. President Clinton, like his two predecessors, called for an item veto, or possibly expanded impoundment authority, to provide him with greater control over federal spending. This report provides a brief history of impoundment and discusses the debate surrounding the line item veto.
Date: March 14, 2002
Creator: McMurtry, Virginia A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Item Veto and Expanded Impoundment Proposals (open access)

Item Veto and Expanded Impoundment Proposals

On February 3, 2003, President Bush transmitted his budget submission for FY2004, which again contained some proposals for reform of the budget process, including a reformulated line item veto for the President. This report discusses the history of the line item veto and examines the policy debate regarding the issue.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: McMurtry, Virginia A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Program: Background and Context (open access)

The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Program: Background and Context

Congressional Research Service (CRS) report entailing information about the context and background of the Safe and Drug-Free schools and Communities Program. Topics include, impact evaluation, the national coordinator program, grants to reduce alcohol abuse, etc..
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Cooper, Edith Fairman
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Budget for Fiscal Year 2004 (open access)

The Budget for Fiscal Year 2004

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released the first of its annual budget reports in late January. The baseline estimates from CBO run through FY2013. CBO’s baseline estimates are similar in construction to those produced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for the President. CBO’s January baseline has a $145 billion deficit in FY2004 (down from $199 billion in FY2003), that becomes a small surplus of $65 billion in FY2008. The report also included an update to CBO’s January baseline that pushed the deficit for FY2004 to $200 billion from $145 billion. The revisions move the return to a surplus from FY2007 to FY2008 and reduce the cumulative FY2004- FY2013 surplus from $1,336 billion (January) to $891 billion (March). CBO’s estimates of the President’s budget, a recasting of the policies using CBO assumptions and budget estimating methods, raise the expected deficit for FY2004 to $338 billion from the OMB estimated $307 billion.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Winters, Philip D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Forest Service FY2001 Budget Issues, Including Proposals for Land Sales and Trust Funds (open access)

Forest Service FY2001 Budget Issues, Including Proposals for Land Sales and Trust Funds

This report provides a table detailing the requested Forest Service (FS) budget for FY2001 and comparing it FY1999 appropriations.
Date: March 14, 2000
Creator: Gorte, Ross W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Services for Constituents Available in Foreign Languages: Selected Sources (open access)

Federal Services for Constituents Available in Foreign Languages: Selected Sources

This report is a directory of sources on various federal constituent services available in foreign languages, to assist congressional offices in serving non-English speaking constituents. The topics covered are: access to jobs and workers’ issues, Americans with Disabilities Act, childcare, consumer protection, disaster relief, elder care, emergency preparedness, environmental protection, Federal Bureau of Investigation, food safety, health, higher education, homeland security, housing, immigration, immunizations, Medicaid, Medicare, the Presidency, retirement, Small Business Administration, Social Security Administration, taxes, telephone service, travel and tourism, veterans affairs, and voting.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Wu, Leneice & Shapiro, Sherry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Services for Constituents Available in Spanish: Selected Sources (open access)

Federal Services for Constituents Available in Spanish: Selected Sources

This report is a directory of sources on various federal constituent services available in Spanish to assist congressional offices in serving Spanish-speaking constituents. The topics covered are: access to jobs and workers’ issues, Americans with Disabilities Act, childcare, consumer protection, disaster relief, elder care, emergency management, emergency preparedness, environmental protection, Federal Bureau of Investigation, food safety, health, higher education, homeland security, housing, immigration, immunizations, Medicaid, Medicare, the Presidency, retirement, Small Business Administration, Social Security Administration, taxes, telephone service, travel and tourism, veterans affairs, and voting.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Wu, Leneice & Shapiro, Sherry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Peacekeeping: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement (open access)

Peacekeeping: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement

None
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Serafino, Nina M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces (open access)

Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces

None
Date: March 14, 2005
Creator: Carter, Linwood B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money (open access)

Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money

Soft money is a major issue in the campaign finance reform debate because such funds are generally unregulated and perceived as resulting from a loophole in the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA). More specifically, soft money is considered to be funds that are raised and spent according to applicable state laws, which FECA prohibits from being spent directly on federal elections, but that may have an indirect influence on federal elections. This Issue Brief discusses three major types of soft money: political party soft money, corporate and labor union soft money, and soft money used for issue advocacy communications.
Date: March 14, 2002
Creator: Whitaker, L. Paige
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring (open access)

Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring

The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act (FPA) were enacted to eliminate unfair practices and other abuses by electricity and gas holding companies by requiring federal control and regulation of interstate public utility holding companies. Comprehensive energy legislation has passed the House and Senate. The House passed H.R. 6 on April 11, 2003. On July 31, 2003, the Senate suspended debate on S. 14, inserted the text of H.R. 4 (107th Congress) as a substitute, and passed H.R. 6. A conference agreement was reached November 17, 2003, and passed by the House the next day. H.R. 6 includes an electricity title that would, in part, repeal PUHCA, would prospectively repeal the mandatory purchase requirement under PURPA, and would create an electric reliability organization. On June 15, 2004, H.R. 4503, a comprehensive energy policy bill, passed the House.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Abel, Amy & Parker, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity Production Issues (open access)

Renewable Energy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Electricity Production Issues

Renewable energy is derived from resources that are generally not depleted by human use, such as the sun, wind, and water movement. This report discusses various aspects of policy regarding renewable energy including tax credits and budget legislation.
Date: March 14, 2002
Creator: Sissine, Fred
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pipeline Safety: Federal Program and Reauthorization Issues (open access)

Pipeline Safety: Federal Program and Reauthorization Issues

The 107th Congress is considering legislation that would amend federal pipeline safety law, which directs the U.S. Secretary of Transportation to regulate pipeline transportation and storage of natural gases and hazardous liquids. Those bills also would authorize funding for the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), which is charged with implementing federal pipeline safety law. Among the topics discussed as part of the process of reauthorizing the OPS program are: state versus federal roles in pipeline safety, increased community involvement, funding amounts to support OPS, and new regulatory directives and authorities intended to improve the OPS program and associated state activities. S. 235, as amended, the "Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2001," passed the Senate on February 8, 2001. This report will be updated as necessary.
Date: March 14, 2001
Creator: Rothberg, Paul F. & Hassan, Hussein D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2003: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education (open access)

Appropriations for FY2003: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education

Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Subcommittees.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Irwin, Paul M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security: Coast Guard Operations - Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Homeland Security: Coast Guard Operations - Background and Issues for Congress

This report discusses about background and issues on Homeland Security Coast Guard Operations which is led by a federal maritime homeland security including port security.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China-U.S. Trade Issues (open access)

China-U.S. Trade Issues

U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. China is now the third largest U.S. trading partner, its second largest source of imports, and its fourth largest export market. However, U.S.-China commercial ties have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China, China's refusal to float its currency, and failure to fully comply with its World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments, especially its failure to provide protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). This report explores these issues in detail, especially concerning the lack of protection for U.S. IPR.
Date: March 14, 2002
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Russia (open access)

Russia

None
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Goldman, Stuart D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China-U.S. Relations (open access)

China-U.S. Relations

This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. Since the early 1990s, U.S.-China relations have followed an uneven course, with modest improvements overshadowed by various recurring difficulties and setbacks. Longstanding bilateral difficulties have included U.S. problems with the PRC’s worsening human rights record, growing tensions over the PRC’s southern military build-up opposite Taiwan and Taiwan’s political status, and continued controversy over allegations of Chinese proliferation of weapons to unstable regimes.
Date: March 14, 2002
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Pendulum Swings Back: Standing Doctrine After (open access)

The Pendulum Swings Back: Standing Doctrine After

On January 12, 2000, the Supreme Court held in Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw that plaintiffs had standing to pursue a Clean Water Act citizen suit, despite the fact that (1) the company-defendant had achieved compliance prior to the district court's decision, (2) plaintiffs sought only civil penalties payable to the U.S. Treasury, and (3) plaintiffs had demonstrated only reasonable concern, not physical injury to the environment. In so holding, the Court appeared to retrench substantially from its environmental standing decisions of the 1990s, which had all gone against plaintiffs. In the wake of Laidlaw, environmental citizen suits will be easier to bring. This report will not be updated.
Date: March 14, 2000
Creator: Meltz, Robert
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Coastal Zone Management Reauthorization: An Overview (open access)

Coastal Zone Management Reauthorization: An Overview

Congress is considering legislation that would reauthorize the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. This overview summarizes the programs created by this act and its amendments, and outlines issues associated with reauthorization. These issues include reauthorizing funding, altering grant programs, changing the National Estuarine Research Reserve system, funding to implement nonpoint water pollution requirements, protecting private property rights, expanding program evaluation efforts, and examining effects of personal water craft on the coastal requirement. A reauthorization bill has been reported by the House Resources Committee (H.R. 2669, H. Rept. 106-485), and floor action is anticipated soon. In the Senate, no action has been taken.
Date: March 14, 2000
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq (open access)

The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq

None
Date: March 14, 2005
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth & Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2004 (open access)

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2004

This report provides an overview of Federal Research and Development funding for FY2004.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Davey, Michael E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Satellite Television: Provisions of SHVIA and LOCAL, and Continuing Issues (open access)

Satellite Television: Provisions of SHVIA and LOCAL, and Continuing Issues

None
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Major Tax Issues in the 108th Congress (open access)

Major Tax Issues in the 108th Congress

None
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Brumbaugh, David L. & Richards, Don C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library