As the threat to computer systems increases with the increasing use of computers as a tool in daily business activities, the need to securely configure those systems becomes more important. There are far too many intruders with access to the Internet and the skills and time to spend compromising systems to not spend the time necessary to securely configure a system. Hand-in-hand with the increased need for security are an increased number of items that need to be securely configured. Windows 2000 has about seven hundred security related policy settings, up from seventy two in Windows NT. While Windows 2000 systems are an extension of the Windows NT 4 architecture, there are considerable differences between these two systems, especially in terms of system and security administration. Operational policy, system security, and file security are other areas where Windows 2000 has expanded considerably beyond the domain model of Windows NT 4. The Windows NT 4 Domain model consists of domains of workstations that, with a single login, share resources and are administered together. The database of user settings and credentials resides in the domain server. Domains can trust other domains to expand the sharing of resources between users of multiple domains. …

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The chances of discovering the Standard Model Higgs boson in Run 2 at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider are discussed. The reach of a search for MSSM Higgs boson and for other Susy particles is also mentioned. The large integrated luminosity potentially offered by the upgraded Tevatron in the years before the start of LHC will make an exciting physics program possible in the next several years. Let aside the luminosity, we can rely now on two much more powerful detectors than in run 1. This is a very real point of strength of the run 2 Tevatron program. The progress of the Tevatron from spring this year has been slow but steady. From this, there is no reason for being pessimistic, but admittedly no particular reason for being optimistic as well. CDF will be able to produce physics quality data early in 2002. After that, data will flow for years and years. We expect to be able to publish the first papers based on the new data in fall 2002.

Spatial channel theory, initially introduced in 1977 by M. L. Williams and colleagues at ORNL, is a powerful tool for shield design optimization. It focuses on so called ''contributon'' flux and current of particles (a fraction of the total of neutrons, photons, etc.) which contribute directly or through their progeny to a pre-specified response, such as a detector reading, dose rate, reaction rate, etc., at certain locations of interest. Particles that do not contribute directly or indirectly to the pre-specified response, such as particles that are absorbed or leak out, are ignored. Contributon fluxes and currents are computed based on combined forward and adjoint transport solutions. The initial concepts were considerably improved by Abu-Shumays, Selva, and Shure by introducing steam functions and response flow functions. Plots of such functions provide both qualitative and quantitative information on dominant particle flow paths and identify locations within a shield configuration that are important in contributing to the response of interest. Previous work was restricted to two dimensional (2-D) x-y rectangular and r-z cylindrical geometries. This paper generalizes previous work to three-dimensional x-y-z geometry, since it is now practical to solve realistic 3-D problems with multidimensional transport programs. As in previous work, new analytic …

The authors have created precise linear models of the storage ring in terms of beta functions for both low-emittance and high-emittance lattices. Using these models, the beta function beating corrections have been successfully applied. The lifetime was increased by 40% for the low-emittance lattice as a result of the corrections. The models allow the user to apply predictable and precise changes to the existing lattice. For example, after applying the beta function corrections, the beta-function changes exactly coincide with the changes predicted by the model. The generated machine model contains not only the real beta functions of the ring but it also provides Beam Position Monitors (BPM) gain calibrations. This could be useful for a number of applications that rely on the BPM readings. Unfortunately, one important task has not been accomplished. The excessive number of quadrupoles per unit phase advance does not allow them to determine the real gradients for every quadrupole. Work on correcting this shortfall will continue in the future. Among other future plans is use of the response matrix fit to characterize and correct both global and local linear coupling. The implementation of a coupling calculation is rather straightforward but requires additional programming.

The frictional behavior of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films varies with environmental condition. One theory asserts that the cause of variations in the frictional performance is environmental contaminants adsorbing onto the DLC film surface. Testing of the frictional performance of DLC films in a pin-on-disk contact has mapped the transient behavior of the friction coefficient. A model for fractional coverage, based on the adsorption of environmental contaminants and their removal through the pin contact, is developed. The rate of adsorption is taken from Langmuir's model [1], which is combined with the removal rate from Blanchet and Sawyer [2]. The coefficient of friction is based on the average fractional coverage under the pin contact. The model also gives a closed-form expression for the steady-state fractional coverage. Model calculations compared favorably to the time progression of the friction coefficient for a series of earlier experiments on a superlow friction DLC coating [3], when the fractional removal term was allowed to increase with increasing sliding speed.

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It is necessary to place a barrier foil in front of the X-ray converter target to prevent the backstreaming ions. This research note presents the simulations of foil heating using the latest EOS tables. LASNEX simulations are carried out using both DARHT-II and ETA-II beam parameters. Results for all the foils studied here, using the DARHT-II beam parameters, show that the integrated line density along the axis at the end of the 4th pulse remains essentially unchanged even if the foils are heated by beams with relatively small beam spot sizes. The temperature can reach up to 3000 C on graphite foil but can only reach several hundred degree Celsius on Mylar foil. Simulations also show that ETA-II beam can create a ''burn-through'' hole on all the foils except graphite and diamond foils, which may require pre-heat. The threshold beam spot size required for hole formation will be compared with LASNEX simulation for the purpose of code verification.

People who know their way around metalworking are no doubt familiar with peening--using a ball-peen hammer to pound a piece of metal into shape and strengthen it against fatigue failure. For the past 50 years, an industrialized equivalent has been shot peening, in which metal or ceramic beads as large as marbles or as small as salt and pepper grains pneumatically bombard a metal surface. Laser peening, a process based on a superior laser technology developed at Lawrence Livermore, replaces the hammer blows and streams of beads with short blasts of laser light. The end result is a piece of metal with significantly improved performance. Lawrence Livermore and Metal Improvement Company, Inc., won a coveted R and D 100 Award for their laser-peening process in 1998 (see S and TR, October 1998, pp. 12-13). Since that time, they've been developing uses for the technology with a number of industries, including automotive, medical, and aerospace. They've also developed an offshoot technique--laser peenmarking{trademark}--which provides a way to easily and clearly identify parts with a mark that is extremely difficult to counterfeit. Another outgrowth is a new peen-forming technology that allows complex contouring of problematic thick metal components such as the thick sections …

SRS Solid Waste requested SRTC to perform a literature-based evaluation of sorbents, which are compatible with hazardous mixed waste being generated on site. Polypropylene-based materials and ground corn cob (Toxi-dry), because of their compatibility with the Consolidated Incinerator Facility (CIF) process, are the only two spill stabilization agents which are recommended for use on site (IS manual, Waste Acceptance Criteria 3.18). While ensuring minimal potential for undesired reactions between spills and spill control agents, Solid Waste wants to increase the number of site approved absorbents to give waste generators more flexibility in choosing liquid spill immobilization agents.

The D0 (DZERO) Detector at Fermilab has been collecting data since March 1, 2001. The detector has undergone an extensive upgrade to participate in the Run 2 data taking. The design of the detector meets the requirements of the high luminosity environment provided by the accelerator. This paper describes the upgraded detector subsystems and gives an outline of the physics potentials associated with the upgrade.

EMERGE had two basic goals: (1) To ensure that the DOE-funded labs at UW-Madison, U of Chicago, and UIUC were connected to the DOE National Labs at the highest available speeds. EMERGE grantees were to work with DOE network engineers to achieve this goal. (2) Establish a testbed for DiffServ networking, develop monitoring, measuring and, visualization tools, develop a grid services package, cooperate with Internet2's Quality DiffServ efforts, and deploy results. For the most part these goals have been achieved, although there were some gaps. By the same token there were also some achievements that came about beyond expectations. The EMERGE testbed was established and extended to Internet2 and, via STAR TAP, to CERN. Additionally, software was developed. Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is a mechanism for supporting network Quality of Service (or QoS) whereby packets that are transmitted by a client program are marked with a priority setting that can be interpreted by the router to effect special treatment of the packet. In particular the marked packets are promoted to a higher priority queue in the router and, as a result, spend a minimum amount of time in the router. Packets that are not marked are attached to a lower priority …

The Run IIa CDF Silicon Upgrade has recently finished installation. The detector uses revision D of the SVX3 readout IC. This final revision incorporated new features in order to improve the potential of dead-timeless operation. This paper describes measurements of dead-timeless effects on silicon strip readout on the test bench. This paper also describes tests of the dynamic pedestal subtraction circuitry, which is shown to improve greatly the dead-timeless performance of the silicon systems.